Applikation gemischt homolog/autologer gefrierkonservierter Vollhauttransplantate nach drittgradigen Verbrennungen im Tierexperiment

Zusammenfassung An fünf weißen Miniaturschweinen wurden umschriebene drittgradige Verbrennungen gesetzt. Die plastische Deckung nach Escharektomie erfolgte mit gemischt homolog/autologen Transplantaten. Diese waren im Unterschied zur chinesischen Technik homologe Vollhauttransplantate, welche zuvor in einer herkömmlichen Gefriertruhe gefrierkonserviert (–27°C) worden waren. Die Versuche erbrachten bei sämtlichen Tieren eine rasche Epithelialisierung, gute kosmetische und klinische Ergebnisse.

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Animal experiment to test use of intermingled homo/autografts of full-thickness skin preserved by freezing following third-degree burns

Summary In 5 white piglets 3rd-degree burns were applied. After escharectomy the wound-dressing was done by intermingled homo/autografts. In variation of the Chinese method reported, in our experiments the homografts consisted of full-thickness skin preserved by freezing (–27°C). In all piglets this procedure caused a perfect epithelialization and brought good cosmetic and clinical results.

     

An in vitro examination of an extracellular matrix scaffold for use in wound healing

This paper describes evidence that an extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) assembled on gelatin coated plates overlaid by a mixed matrix secreted by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and human dermal fibroblasts provides a viable acellular scaffold for use in wound healing. Trypsinized epidermal keratinocytes or colonies from Dispase-digested fresh and cadaver skin tissue adhered and proliferated on either HUVECs ECM/gelatin or mixed matrix overlaid on HUVECs ECM/gelatin. An epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, previously thought to be tissue-specific, was exposed as well as concomitant integrin versatility. Furthermore, heterologous HDMECs and dermal fibroblasts attached and proliferated on the mixed matrix as well as HUVECs ECM. The conditioned medium from HUVECs (HUVECs CM) was found to neutralize the lingering after effects of Dispase, and could be used for the tissue culture of epidermal keratinocytes, HDMECs and dermal fibroblasts, which share related extracellular secretions. Taken together, these results indicate that cultured epithelial autografts can be redesigned to include both epithelial and dermal elements, and advances the acellular 'sandwich' ECM scaffold as a possible structural replacement for the lamina densa and lamina lucida, damaged or completely missing in some wounds and burns.     

Titanium cages versus autogenous iliac crest bone grafts in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion treatment of patients with cervical degenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: A systematic review and partial meta-analysis is conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of anterior cervical decompression and fusion procedures employing either rectangular titanium cages or iliac crest autografts in patients suffering from cervical degenerative disc diseases.

Methods: Medline, PubMed, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to June 2015, using the key words cervical discectomy; bone transplantation; titanium cages; and iliac crest autografts. Outcomes of interbody fusion rates were compared using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Values of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and visual analog scale before and after operation were also compared.

Results: The rate of interbody fusion was similar between patients in the iliac crest autograft and titanium cage groups (pooled OR?=?0.33, 95% CI?=?0.07 to 1.66, P?=?.178). The overall analysis showed that patients in the two groups did not have significantly different post-surgery Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (pooled difference in means?=??0.05, 95% CI?=?0.73 to 0.63, P?=?.876). Improvement in arm and neck pain scores were assessed with a visual analog scale and differed significantly between patients in the iliac crest autograft and titanium cage groups (pooled difference in means?=?0.16, 95% CI?=??0.44 to 0.76, P?=?.610; and pooled difference in means?=??0.44, 95% CI?=??2.23 to 1.36, P?=?.634, respectively).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of titanium cages constitutes a safe and efficient alternative to iliac crest bone autografts for anterior cervical discectomy with fusion.     

Transplantation of autologous cells and porous gelatin microcarriers to promote wound healing

Definitive treatment to achieve wound healing in major burns frequently include skin transplantation, where split-thickness skin grafts is considered gold standard. This method is associated with several drawbacks. To overcome these hurdles, efforts have been made to develop tissue engineered skin substitutes, often comprised of a combination of cells and biomaterials. In the present study, we aimed to investigate transplantation of autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts seeded on porous gelatin microcarriers using a porcine wound model. Pre-seeded microcarriers were transplanted to a total of 168 surgical full-thickness wounds (2 cm diameter) on eight adult female pigs and covered with occlusive dressings. The experimental groups included wounds transplanted with microcarriers seeded with the combination of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, microcarriers seeded with each cell type individually, microcarriers without cells, each cell type in suspension, and NaCl control. Wounds were allowed to heal for one, two, four or eight weeks before being excised and fixated for subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, we confirmed that viable cells populate the surface and the pores of the microcarriers. In vivo, the microcarriers were to a large extent degraded after two weeks. After one week, all treatment groups, with the exception of microcarriers alone, displayed significantly thicker neo-epidermis compared to controls. After two weeks, wounds transplanted with microcarriers seeded with cells displayed significantly thicker neo-epidermis compared to controls. After four weeks there was no difference in the thickness of neo-epidermis. In conclusion, the experiments performed illustrate that autologous cells seeded on porous gelatin microcarriers stimulates the re-epithelialization of wounds. This method could be a promising candidate for skin transplantation. Future studies will focus on additional outcome parameters to evaluate long-term quality of healing following transplantation.     

The involvement of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the hyperpigmentation of human skin autografts

Hyperpigmentation occurs frequently in human skin autografts, resulting in an unsatisfactory appearance.     

自体移植皮片中黑素细胞的密度和功能变化

目的：通过对自体移植皮片中黑素细胞密度和功能变化的测定,进一步认识黑素细胞密度变化在自体移植皮片过度色素沉着中的作用。方法：利用免疫组织化学方法测定自体中厚移植皮片黑素细胞中特异性抗原显示黑素细胞,计算表皮中黑素细胞的密度,并与自体正常皮肤对照;利用银染-丽春红法检测自体中厚移植皮片和正常皮肤中黑素含量。结果：自体移植皮片与自体对照正常皮肤中黑素细胞的密度差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;自体中厚移植皮片中黑色素含量较自体正常对照皮肤中的黑色素含量明显增多,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：自体皮片移植后表皮中黑素细胞密度无明显变化,与皮片色素沉着程度无显著相关性。     

自体移植皮片中黑皮素-1受体mRNA的表达及意义

目的：探讨黑皮素-1受体在自体移植皮片过度色素沉着中的作用.方法：利用RT-PCR、Ma sson-Fontana stain方法检测人体自体中厚移植皮片与原供区及受区周围自体正常对照皮肤中黑皮素-1受体mRNA的表达及表皮中黑色素的含量,并行统计学分析.结果：黑皮素-1受体在自体中厚移植皮片中的mRNA表达明显高于自身正常对照皮肤,其表达差异有显著性意义（P＜0.01）;自体中厚移植皮片表皮中黑色素含量较自身正常对照皮肤表皮中的黑色素含量亦明显增多,其含量的差异亦有显著性意义（P＜0.01）;且表皮中黑色素的含量与黑皮素-1受体的mRNA表达量呈正相关.结论：黑皮素-1受体在自体移植皮片过度色素沉着中起重要调控作用.     

Prolonged Survival of Allogeneic Islets in Cynomolgus Monkeys After Short‐Term Anti‐CD154‐Based Therapy: Nonimmunologic Graft Failure?

Conventional drug therapy and several anti-CD154 mAb-based regimens were tested in the nonhuman primate (NHP) islet allograft model and found to be inadequate because islets were lost to rejection. Short-term therapy with an optimized donor-specific transfusion (DST) + rapamycin (RPM) + anti-CD154 mAb regimen enables immunosuppression drug-free islet allograft function for months following cessation of therapy in the NHP islet allograft model. After a substantial period of drug-free graft function, these allografts slowly and progressively lost function. Pathologic studies failed to identify islet allograft rejection as a destructive islet invasive lymphocytic infiltration of the allograft was not detected. To evaluate the mechanism, immunologic versus nonimmunologic, of the late islet allograft loss in hosts receiving the optimized therapeutic regimen, we performed experiments with islet autografts and studied islet function in NHPs with partial pancreatectomy. The results in both experiments utilizing autologous islet allografts and partially pancreatectomized hosts reinforce the view that the presence of a marginal islet mass leads to slowly progressive nonimmunological islet loss. Long-term clinically successful islet cell transplantation cannot be realized in the absence of parallel improvements in tolerizing regimens and in the preparation of adequate numbers of islets.