嚼槟榔对妇科手术后吗啡静脉镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察嚼槟榔对妇科手术后吗啡静脉镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期妇科手术患者80例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄30～60岁.根据患者术前是否有嚼食槟榔史分为2组(n=40):嚼食槟榔组和未嚼食槟榔组.两组术后48 h内均采用静脉吗啡自控镇痛.记录术后2、6、12、24、48 h患者的VAS评分、吗啡用量和不良反应的程度.结果 与未嚼食槟榔组比较,嚼食槟榔组术后48 h内吗啡平均用量、VAS评分降低(P＜0.05),恶心、呕吐和寒战的发生率升高(P＜0.05).结论 长期嚼槟榔增强妇科手术后吗啡静脉镇痛效果,减少吗啡用量,增加术后不良反应.     

敲除生物碱前后槟榔生品和焦品对大鼠离体胃肠平滑肌的影响

目的观察槟榔生品和焦品在敲除生物碱前后对大鼠离体胃肠平滑肌的收缩活动的变化。方法将大鼠胃肠平滑肌肌条置于离体组织灌流系统中,通过加槟榔生品、焦品及敲除生物碱后的生品和焦品,来观察对肌条收缩活动的影响。结果槟榔生品组和焦品组均能促进肌条的收缩活动,焦品组的效果明显好于生品组;敲除生物碱后的生品组和焦品组对肌条的收缩作用很弱。结论槟榔生品和焦品对大鼠离体胃肠平滑肌收缩活动均有促进作用,敲除生物碱后的作用明显减弱,说明生物碱对胃肠平滑肌的收缩期主要作用。     

HPLC法测定枇杷核中苦杏仁苷含量

目的建立常用中药枇杷核中苦杏仁苷含量的测定方法。方法色谱柱Hypersil ODS C18（4．0mm×250mm,5μm）,流动相：甲醇-水（20：80）、检测波长215nm。结果苦杏仁苷在7．0μg～70．0μg·mL^-1成良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=132．38X=102．37,r=0．9995,平均回收率为100．17％。结论本方法分离效果好,重现性好,操作简便,可用于制定枇杷核的质量标准。     

Periodontal Inflammatory Conditions Among Gutka Chewers and Non‐chewers With and Without Prediabetes

Background: It is known that gutka chewing jeopardizes periodontal health; however, severity of periodontal inflammation in gutka chewers with and without prediabetes remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of periodontal inflammatory conditions with gutka chewing and prediabetes. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, the effect of gutka use on periodontal health is investigated among 44 individuals with prediabetes and 44 without prediabetes. Demographic information regarding age, sex, duration of prediabetes, and gutka‐chewing habits was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal inflammatory conditions (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], marginal bone loss [MBL]) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBGLs) were recorded. Group differences in periodontal inflammatory parameters were tested using univariate and multivariable analyses (α ≤5%). Results: Periodontal inflammatory parameters (PI, BOP, and PD) were significantly higher in individuals with prediabetes irrespective of gutka‐chewing habit (P <0.05). Odds of periodontal inflammation in individuals with prediabetes were nine times higher than in healthy controls (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.4 to 23.6). Gutka chewing alone, chewing among individuals with prediabetes, and chewing among healthy controls did not significantly increase the odds of periodontal inflammatory conditions. Individuals with prediabetes were significantly more likely to have periodontal inflammation than individuals without prediabetes even after controlling for sex and gutka chewing (odds ratio = 13.2; 95% CI = 4.3 to 40.7). Conclusion: In medically healthy individuals, periodontal inflammatory conditions are worse in gutka chewers compared to non‐chewers; in patients with prediabetes, the severity of periodontal inflammation is governed by hyperglycemia when compared to habitual gutka usage.     

Serum basal tryptase may be a good marker for predicting the risk of anaphylaxis in children with food allergy

A relationship between serum basal tryptase (sBT) levels, anaphylactic reactions, and clonal mast cell diseases was shown recently in adults with venom allergy, but the relationship between sBT levels and IgE‐mediated food allergy and anaphylaxis is not known. In this study, children with food allergy (FA; n = 167) were analyzed in two groups according to the presence (FA+/A+; n = 79) or absence of anaphylaxis (FA+/A?; n = 88) and were compared with a control group (n = 113). Median sBT values in FA+/A+, FA+/A?, and control groups were 4.0 ng/ml (2.8–5.8), 3.6 (2.3–4.5), and 3.3 (2.4–4.4), respectively (P = 0.022). sBT measurements higher than the cutoff values of 5.7 and 14.5 were associated with 50% and 90% predicted probabilities, respectively, of moderate to severe anaphylaxis. Children with tree nuts/peanut allergies had significantly higher levels of sBT than children with milk and egg allergy (P = 0.022). Results suggest that sBT levels may predict moderate to severe anaphylaxis in children with food allergy, which may follow a particular pattern according to the food allergy phenotype.     

Evaluation of myofibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis: correlation with disease severity

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40 : 208–213 Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a premalignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by generalized submucosal fibrosis. Myofibroblasts are contractile cells expressing α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and are considered primary producers of extracellular matrix after injury. Their accumulation has been established as a marker of progressive fibrosis in organs like lungs, liver, kidney and skin. This study aims to evaluate the presence of myofibroblasts in various histological stages of OSMF. Materials and Method: Seventy cases of OSMF, which were further categorized histologically into early (35 cases) and advanced (35 cases), were subjected to immunohistochemistry using α‐SMA antibody for detection of myofibroblasts. Fifteen normal oral mucosa specimens were also stained as controls. Results: The number of α‐SMA‐stained myofibroblasts in OSMF was significantly increased when compared to that of the normal controls (P < 0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant increase in the myofibroblasts population between early and advanced stages was observed (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Our results corroborate the possibility that OSMF actually represents an abnormal healing process in response to chronic mechanical and chemical irritation because of areca nut chewing as demonstrated by the increased incidence of myofibroblasts in this disease. Furthermore, the progressive increase in myofibroblasts from early to advanced stages suggests their potential use as markers for evaluating the severity of OSMF.     

Areca nut extracts enhance the development of CD11b+Gr‐1+ cells with the characteristics of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in antigen‐stimulated mice

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40 : 769–777 Background: Areca quid chewing is an etiological factor contributing to the development of oral cancer and pre‐cancers, whose pathophysiology has been linked to inflammation and immune deterioration. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a key role in the regulation of immunity under certain pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. As areca nut extracts (ANE) have been reported to induce a proinflammatory effect in antigen‐stimulated mice, we hypothesized that ANE might enhance the development of MDSC. Methods: Ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized BALB/c mice were daily administered with ANE (5–50 mg/kg), polyphenol‐enriched ANE (PANE; 25 mg/kg) or arecoline (5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 10 doses. The mouse footpads were then subcutaneously challenged with OVA to induce local inflammatory responses. Results: ANE and PANE treatment significantly increased the spleen index and the population of CD11b⁺Gr‐1⁺ cells in the spleen and peripheral blood, whereas arecoline was inactive. In addition, ANE and PANE treatment enhanced the expression of cytokines and enzymes associated with the immunosuppressive function of MDSC, including IL‐10, arginase‐I and iNOS in splenic CD11b⁺ cells. Concordantly, ANE and PANE treatment augmented the infiltration of Gr‐1⁺IL‐10⁺ cells in the footpads challenged with OVA. Conclusions: Our results suggested that areca nut constituents, in particular, polyphenols enhanced the development of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in vivo, which may be a critical mechanism linking inflammation and the compromised immunity reported to be associated with the pathophysiology of areca‐related oral diseases.