经皮穿刺髓核成形术治疗腰椎间盘突出症初步临床报道

目的　寻求一种简单、安全、有效、微创的椎间盘突出症治疗方法。方法　对 1 6例腰椎间盘突出症采用经皮穿刺髓核成形术 (Nucleoplasty)治疗 ,并对其疗效进行观察分析。 结果　全部患者经二周至一个月短期随访 ,症状均有不同程度改善 ,疗效优良率为 93 8% ,有效率为 1 0 0 %。未发现明显并发症。结论　髓核成形术是一种先进、安全、有效的椎间盘突出微创手术 ,具有操作简单、安全、微创、疗效佳、恢复快、无需住院等优点。     

Percent spinal canal compromise on MRI utilized for predicting the need for surgical treatment in single-level lumbar intervertebral disc herniation

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: There is limited information describing the correlation between the initial quantitative measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of disc herniation area, canal cross-section areas, percent canal compromise, and disc herniation location to the need for surgery. PURPOSE: Our aim is to determine if the size of disc herniation area, canal cross-section area, percent canal compromise, and disc herniation location taken from MRI images of patients with symptomatic single-level lumbar herniated intervertebral discs upon initial presentation to a spine surgeon, were predictive of the need for surgical treatment. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a retrospective case matched study of patient MRI images in the senior author's private practice. PATIENT SAMPLE: From a pool of 332 patients with sciatica caused by lumbar intervertebral disc herniations at our institution, 65 patients had surgery, of which MRI images were available and analyzed on 44 patients. Forty-four additional patients were randomly selected from the remaining 267 original group as nonoperative controls. METHODS: The axial MRI image showing the largest canal compromise by the herniated disc was selected for measurements. Using T1- and T2-weighted images, the areas of interest were digitally scanned at high resolution. The canal area and disc herniation area measurement were calculated from the total number of pixels per cross-sectional area, multiplied by a scan correction factor, mm(2) /pixel. Disc herniation locations were classified into either central or paracentral. The percent canal compromise was obtained by disc herniation area divided by canal cross-section area and multiplied by 100. RESULTS: The surgical group's overall mean herniated disc area was 219.6 square millimeter (mm(2)), 179.8 at L4-5, and 267.4 at L5-S1. The nonoperative group's overall mean herniated disc area was 178.4 mm(2), 135.1 at L2-3, 160.3 at L4-5, and 207.4 at L5-S1. The surgical group's overall mean canal cross-sectional area was 471.8 mm(2), 418.6 at L4-5, and 535.6 at L5-S1. The nonoperative group's overall mean canal cross-sectional area was 541.3 mm(2), 518.1 at L2-3, 446.8 at L4-5, and 669.9 at L5-S1. The overall percent canal compromise ratio in the surgery group was 46.7%, 44.1% at L4-5, and 49.8% at L5-S1. The overall percent canal compromise in the nonoperative group was 34.2%, 34.1% at L2-3, 36.1% at L4-5, and 31.8% at L5-S1. The percent canal compromise in central herniations at L4-5 level was 53.0% in the surgical group, and 32.8% in the nonoperative group; at the L5-S1 level surgical group percent canal compromise was 64.1% and in the nonoperative group canal compromise was 27%. L4-L5 level paracentral herniations canal compromise was 36.7% in the surgical group compared with 42.5% canal compromise in the nonoperative group. At the L5-S1 level the canal compromise was 45% in the surgical group and 34.8% in the nonoperative group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show a trend for patients treated with surgery to have larger disc herniation areas and smaller canal cross-section areas, corresponding to larger percent canal compromise than the nonoperative group. Centrally located herniations followed this trend closely at all levels studied. However, the paracentral herniation at the L4-5 level does not follow this trend, possibly because paracentral disc herniation clinical course is determined more by herniation location rather than the overall herniation size.     

腰椎节段形态对峡部、小关节应力及小关节接触力影响的有限元分析

目的:探讨腰椎形态结构变化对峡部裂性滑脱及小关节退变的作用和意义。方法:采用改良的“非种子区域分割方法”及非平行“最佳切割平面”等一系列新型计算机辅助设计(CAD)方法精确建立包括椎间盘高度、腰椎小关节角、椎间盘前凸角改变的L4~L5活动节段有限元模型;在2700N轴向压缩载荷条件下,分别对各有限元模型的峡部、小关节应力、小关节接触力以及椎间盘负载进行测试。结果:压缩载荷下,腰椎活动节段峡部、小关节等效应力及小关节接触力随椎间盘高度的减小而减小,随小关节角的增大而增加,随椎间盘前凸角的增加而减小。结论:椎间盘高度、腰椎小关节角、椎间盘前凸角等形态结构变化对腰椎节段有限元模型的峡部、小关节应力及小关节接触力有明显的影响。提示腰椎峡部应力性骨折及小关节退变的发生与椎间盘高度、腰椎小关节角、椎间盘前凸角等解剖形态因素有关。     

腰椎间盘突出症合并椎管狭窄23 例治疗分析

目的探讨经后路椎间盘镜手术治疗合并腰椎管狭窄症的椎间盘突出症的临床应用。方法采用后路椎间盘镜进行单侧开窗减压术。通过术前标记腰椎正侧位片定位，于定位棘突间隙后正中偏患侧作长约1.5 cm小切口，逐级扩张后置入工作通道管，钻除部分椎板，置入内窥镜，于电视监视器下显露椎板、增生内聚的关节突、肥厚的黄韧带及突出的椎间盘髓核组织，彻底解除其对硬脊膜、神经根的压迫。结果本组共治疗合并腰椎管狭窄症的腰椎间盘突出症23例，平均随访7个月，按Prolo标准评定，治愈20例，有效2例，无效1例。结论本术式在严格掌握适应证前提下对合并腰椎管狭窄症的腰椎间盘突出症患者效果明显。     

PLDD治疗拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者的疗效观察与思考

目的：探讨经皮激光椎间盘减压术（PLDD）治疗拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者的疗效。方法：2002年～2006年应用PLDD治疗16例拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者，手术前后采用日本骨科学会（JOA）17分法进行评价．计算改善率及优良率，随访观察治疗效果。结果：手术时间平均为15min，术中无明显出血，无血管、神经损伤及感染等并发症发生。术后1、3、6、12个月时JOA评分改善率分别为28．54％、34．82％、41．09％和47．57％．优良率分别为31．3％、37．5％、37．5％和56．0％。随访24个月者11例，改善率为46．56％，优良率为54．4％。结论：PLDD治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者有一定疗效，对拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者是一种可供选择的微创治疗手段。     

经皮穿刺颈椎髓核成形术治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨经皮穿刺颈椎髓核成形术(percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty,PCN)治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及其对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法:对我院2003年7月～2005年6月因颈椎间盘突出症住院行PCN治疗的64例患者进行回顾性研究,根据手术间隙分为两组:单间隙组(A组)34例,多间隙组(B组)30例。临床效果评价采用JOA评分标准(17分制并计算改善率),颈椎稳定性评价采用Katsumi标准。比较两组的临床效果及颈椎稳定性。结果:随访6～24个月,A组平均14.1±3.7个月,B组平均13.9±3.8个月,A组术前JOA评分为9.19±2.64分,术后为14.37±1.42分,改善率为66.3%;B组术前JOA评分为8.89±2.31分,术后为14.33±1.28分,改善率为67.1%,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.001),两组患者的JOA评分改善率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后颈椎稳定性与术前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:PCN治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症效果优良,对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9在腰椎间盘髓核组织中的表达

目的 检测腰椎间盘髓核组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）的表达，进一步阐明椎间盘退变的机制。方法 利用RT-PCR和Western-Blot技术，对20例正常腰椎间盘髓核、45例退变腰椎间盘髓核的MMP-9进行了检测。结果 正常腰椎间盘组髓核内有一定量的MMP-9表达，退变腰椎间盘组髓核MMP-9mRNA、蛋白质表达水平升高，分别是正常组的1．86和1．65倍，存在差异（P〈0．05）。结论 MMP-9与腰椎间盘髓核退变关系密切。     

二次注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的 讨论二次注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的可行性及适应证.方法 对82例行二次注射胶原酶治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行随访并对其临床疗效进行总结分析.结果 82例患者随访3～12个月,疗效优51例,良13例,可8例,差10例,总优良率为78%,有效率为88%,本组患者无一例出现并发症.结论 只要严格掌握二次胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的适应证,做好术前、术中、术后的过敏反应预防措施,二次注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症是安全有效的.