Cytokeratin expression in a congenital multipotential primitive neuroectodermal tumor

A case of an uncommon congenital primitive neuroectodermal cerebellar tumor (PNET) in a 5-month-old child is reported. After subtotal surgical resection, the residual tumor did not respond to radiation and chemotherapy. Histologically, the tumor was composed of small, round, undifferentiated cells and several other patterns like astrocytomatous, oligodendrogliomatous, and ependymomatous structures. Immunostaining was positive for most of the cells for vimentin and S 100, fewer were positive for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and neuron-specific enolase, and only a few for synaptophysin. Surprisingly, the tumor showed strong expression of several monoclonal cytokeratins (CK) with different molecular weights, together with epithelial membrane antigen. Furthermore, we found a coexpression of the tumor cells for CK and vimentin, while CK-GFAP and CK-S 100 were negative. Ultrastructurally, intracyto-plasmic intermediate filaments could be observed corresponding to immunohistochemical CK expression. The very strong CK and vimentin expression in this case was interpreted as a sign of the embryonic nature of the tumor.     

李松林副主任医师治疗肾小球肾炎的经验

李松林副主任医师将肾小球肾炎的病机概括为湿、热、毒、瘀、虚等方面，在中医辨证的基础上，结合现代医学对其病因和发病机理的认识及中草药药理作用，针对不同的病理机制和临床表现，提出清热解毒法，活血化瘀法，调补脾肾法，扶正固本法，并视症有机结合，恰当治疗，疗效显著。     

良性前列腺增生中医证型与尿动力学参数相关性研究

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)中医证型与尿动力学参数的相关性。方法:152例BPH患者,中医辨证分为肾阴不足、肾阳虚弱、瘀阻水道、脾气虚弱、肺热气郁、湿热下注、痰浊郁结七型,均进行尿动力学检查。结果:152例BPH患者中,肾阳虚弱型71例(46.71%),瘀阻水道型40例(26.31%),肾阴不足型14例(9.21%)。膀胱出口梗阻为III～VI度肾阳虚弱型有58例,瘀阻水道型有38例,其中严重梗阻(V～VI)26例。膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能极弱中(n=12),肾阳虚弱型4例,占33.33%(4/12),瘀阻水道型7例,占58.33%(7/12);膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能弱者中(n=48),肾阳虚弱型为27例,占56.25%(27/48),瘀阻水道型17例,占35.42%(17/48)。结论:BPH中医各辨证分型与膀胱出口梗阻和膀胱逼尿肌收缩力有一定的相关性,从而为中医证型的量化和客观化提供相应的证据。     

In vitro growth of epithelial cells from mucosa derived from different regions of the gastrointestinal tract

Attempts have been made to culture the mucosa from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, using an explant culture method, epithelial cells have been successfully cultured from all major regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The success rate, as judged by outgrowth of epithelial cells for at least 4 weeks, varied with the tissue studied with 19/50 colonic biopsies, 5/11 small intestinal biopsies, 9/12 stomach biopsies and 42/47 gallbladder biopsies yielding outgrowth of epithelial cells. Differentiation of the epithelial cells along the mucus cell pathway could be demonstrated on the monolayer cultures using Periodic acid Schiff or Alcian blue staining. Because the cultures were very heterogeneous and many morphological cell types were present in most cultures, differentiation along the other known differentiation pathways of the gastrointestinal mucosa, such as development of absorptive cells and endocrine cells, could not be excluded.
The problem of bacterial contamination, which has hindered previous studies on tissue from these sites, was overcome by decontaminating the biopsy by soaking in dilute sodium hypochlorite (0.04%).     

细胞移植用于心肌修复--细胞心肌成形术的研究进展

由于心肌细胞的增殖能力很低，细胞移植作为一种新的治疗方法用于改善心功能及心肌活力已受到广泛的关注。目前已有胚胎干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞和内皮干细胞在体外诱导分化为心肌细胞；动物实验中用于心肌移植的细胞有胚胎心肌细胞、造血干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、骨骼肌成肌细胞、内皮干细胞、肝干细胞和神经干细胞。其中成肌细胞移植用来改善心肌梗死后的心脏功能，已有临床报道，并取得成功。     

中药安迪对HL-60细胞分化的诱导作用

目的　探讨安迪粉针剂 (Andi)对 HL- 60细胞分化的诱导作用 .方法　采用人早幼粒白血病细胞株 (HL - 60 )为靶细胞 ,分为不加任何药物的对照组 (C组 )、安迪粉针剂 (Andi)组、阳性对照药维甲酸 (RA)组和苦参 (KS)组 ,进行体外培养和诱导分化 ,观测细胞生长曲线、细胞形态、硝基蓝四氮唑(NBT)还原和吞噬能力等指标 .结果　 2 mg· L-1 Andi可显著地抑制 HL - 60细胞增殖 ,使原始细胞分化为中幼以下的成熟细胞 ,分化后的细胞具有 NBT还原能力和吞噬功能 ;Andi为 68.0 % ,RA为 61 .5% ,KS为 59.0 % ,C组还原能力仅6.0 % (P<0 .0 1 vs C) .其形态的改变和吞噬能力与阳性对照药维甲酸 (RA)和苦参 (KS)相似 ,分别为 52 .0 % ,45.5%和56.5% (P>0 .0 5) ;均明显高于空白对照组 .C组吞噬功能仅7.5% (P <0 .0 1 vs C)其 NBT还原能力与 KS相当 (P >0 .0 5) .结论　 Andi对 HL - 60细胞具有显著的诱导分化作用     

Protein kinase C agonist and antagonist effects in normal human epidermal keratinocytes

Abstract Several lines of evidence implicate protein kinase C (PKC) in the development of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, tumors which originate from epidermal keratinocytes. To examine PKC in a model relevant to human skin, we exposed normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) in serum-free media to a variety of PKC agonists and antagonists. NHEK PKC activity increased up to 10-fold within the 1st hour of exposure to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), and gradually returned to control values within 72 h. TPA-induced PKC activity was enhanced by pretreatment of cultures with protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors. TPA-induced growth arrest and differentiation was antagonized by staurosporine. Down-regulation by bryostatin pretreatment blocked TPA-stimulated differentiation. Our overall conclusion is that activation of PKC in cultured human keratinocytes is required for differentiation. These results are crucial to the analysis of compounds suspected of promoting or inhibiting epidermal tumors.