Urinary stability of carboxycyclophosphamide and carboxyifosfamide, two major metabolites of the anticancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide

Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the stability of carboxycyclophosphamide (CXCP) and carboxyifosfamide (CXIF) in human urine at pH 7.0 and 5.5 at 25°, 8°, −20°, and −80 °C. At 25 °C and pH 7.0, CXCP and CXIF are relatively stable (≈10% degradation in 24 h). In contrast, they are much less stable at pH 5.5 (≈80% degradation of CXIF and ≈50% degradation of CXCP in 24 h). The rate of degradation of CXCP and CXIF was a function of the storage temperature of the urine samples but, even at −80 °C, was not negligible: ≈30% degradation for CXCP irrespective of pH and ≈40% and 50% degradation for CXIF at pH 7.0 and 5.5, respectively, after storage for 6 months. CXCP was more stable than CXIF at either pH (7.0 or 5.5) and at all storage temperatures (8°, −20°, or −80 °C) of the urine samples. CXCP and CXIF were more stable at pH 7.0 than at pH 5.5, although this difference fell with decreasing temperatures to be almost negligible at −80 °C. To ensure a true estimate of CXCP and CXIF levels, urine samples must be frozen and stored at −80 °C within a few hours of micturition. CXCP and CXIF assays should also be carried out within 2 months and 1 month of storage, respectively. Received: 13 July 1996 / Accepted: 20 January 1997     

Does circumcision alter the periurethral bacterial flora?

A prospective study of 25 boys who underwent circumcision for medical reason was performed. Specimens of periurethral bacterial flora were taken before operation as well as 3 weeks after surgery, so that each boy acted as his own control. Before circumcision, 13 (52%) harboured uropathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli and other coliforms, Enterococcus spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Klebsiella spp); after circumcision, none of the boys had uropathogens, the only organisms cultured from the periurethral region being skin commensals. We postulate that circumcision converts a ‘cul-de-sac' that is a reservoir of organisms capable of causing ascending urinary tract infection into a surface colonised by natural skin organisms. This study provides circumstantial evidence supporting the idea that circumcision in well-selected patients may confer protection from urine infection. Accepted: 15 March 1997     

Intramural leiomyoma of the bladder

Mesodermal tumors of the urinary bladder are rare and the majority of them are malignant. We report a case of an intramural leiomyoma of the bladder presenting with symptoms of a mild lower urinary tract infection. The patient was managed with partial cystectomy and the outcome was excellent. Received: 31 May 1999; Revised: 21 September 1999; Accepted: 21 September 1999     

骨折患者长期固定治疗尿脱氧吡啶啉变化的临床研究

目的　探讨骨折长期固定治疗患者尿脱氧吡啶啉的变化及其临床意义。方法　测定 3 7例 (男 2 2例 ,女 15例 )骨折长期固定治疗患者及 3 0例 (男 15例 ,女 15例 )健康对照者的血清钙 (Ca)、磷 (P)、总碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、尿钙 /肌酐 (Ca/Cr)、尿脱氧吡啶啉 (DPD)的水平。结果　骨折长期固定治疗患者血清钙、磷水平较正常对照组显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;AKP、Ca/Cr、DPD水平较正常对照组有不同程度的增高 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1)。其中以尿DPD的活性增高更为显著 (增高 5 98倍 )。而且 ,骨折长期固定治疗患者尿DPD的变化还与病程呈正相关。结论　尿DPD是反映骨吸收的一项敏感而特异的指标 ,尿DPD的监测对骨折长期固定治疗患者的临床治疗和预防发生新的骨折具有重要的参考价值。     

女性尿失禁对生活质量影响的调查

目的了解尿失禁对生活质量的影响。方法问卷调查福州市某社区女性，回收应用SPSS10．0和SAS6．12统计分析尿失禁患者与非尿失禁人群生活质量的差异，不同程度尿失禁患者生活质量之间的差异以及各类型尿失禁对生活质量影响的不同。结果即使轻度尿失禁也影响患者的日常生活(对压力性、急迫性和混合性尿失禁，P均为0．000)，给患者带来生活的不适且疾病越严重对生活质量的影响越重。尿失禁主要影响患者的行为、心理以及社会的交往。在不同类型的尿失禁中，混合性尿失禁对患者生活质量影响最重。结论尿失禁是一种影响患者生活质量的疾患。     

经阴道吊带悬吊术(IVS)治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的　观察IVS经阴道吊带悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁临床疗效。方法　采用IVS经阴道吊带悬吊术治疗 2 6例女性压力性尿失禁患者。结果　 2 6例患者手术后尿失禁均得到控制 ,经随访 1～ 5个月无 1例出现尿失禁现象。平均手术时间 4 5min ,平均出血 5 6ml,2 6例患者恢复正常排尿后测残余尿均 <5 0ml。结论　IVS经阴道吊带悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁具有手术创伤小、在局麻下手术、吊带悬吊效果可靠、作用持久、手术悬吊适度、手术并发症发生率低等优点。适宜临床推广应用     

Endogenous urinary steroids in premenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of endogenous steroids on the presence of uterine leiomyomas. METHODS: Urine samples of 27 premenopausal women with leiomyomas and 25 age-matched healthy premenopausal women were collected. The concentration of estrogens and androgens in the urine samples of the two groups were determined using a gas chromatography mass spectrometer and the two groups were compared. To study metabolic changes in patients indirectly, the concentration ratios of precursor metabolite to product metabolite of the two groups were also compared. RESULTS: Urinary concentrations of 17beta-estradiol, 5-androstene-3beta, 16beta, 17beta, triol, 11-keto-ethiocholanolone, 11beta-hydroxy-androsterone, 11beta-hydroxy-etiocholanolone, THS, THA, THE, alpha-cortol and beta-cortol were significantly higher in patients than in controls. The concentration ratios of 17beta-estradiol/estrone and 11/beta-hydroxy-ethiocholanolone/11beta-hydroxy-androsterone increased in patients. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of uterine leiomyomas correlates with an increase in urinary concentrations of estrogens and androgens, and it appears to be caused by a decrease in patients' metabolism of steroids.     

胞必佳注射液抑制膀胱癌细胞BIU-87生长的蛋白质组学分析

目的探讨胞必佳对膀胱癌细胞杀伤作用的分子机制。方法胞必佳注射液作用膀胱癌细胞BIU-8796h,用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳分离胞必佳注射液处理和未处理的膀胱癌细胞BIU-87的总蛋白质,银染显色,PDQuest2-de软件分析差异蛋白质点。结果双向电泳图像分析胞必佳注射液药物处理组图像的平均蛋白质数为1021±88,未处理组的平均蛋白质数为1171±99;差异蛋白质有661个,其中有216个表达增强,有451蛋白质表达下降。结论胞必佳注射液对膀胱癌细胞的杀伤作用这些差异表达蛋白质有关,这些差异蛋白质有待质谱分析鉴定,为其作用的分子机理研究提供了新的思路。     

国产与进口盐酸头孢吡肟治疗下呼吸道、泌尿道感染多中心临床试验

目的评价国产盐酸头孢吡肟和进口盐酸头孢吡肟治疗下呼吸道、泌尿道细菌染性疾病的疗效和安全性。方法前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、阳性药平行对照研究,共入组131例,其中国产盐酸头孢吡肟组66例,进口盐酸头孢吡肟组65例。两药剂量均为每日2.0g,q12h,静滴,疗程7~14d。结果国产和进口盐酸头孢吡肟治疗下呼吸道感染的临床痊愈率分别为53.1%和41.9%,有效率分别为90.6%和80.7%;治疗泌尿系感染痊愈率分别为85.3%和81.8%,有效率分别为94.1%和100.0%,细菌清除率国产盐酸头孢吡肟组91.8%;进口盐酸头孢吡肟组100.0%。国产和进口盐酸头孢吡肟组不良反应发生率分别为3.0%和6.2%。两组疗效和不良反应无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论国产盐酸头孢吡肟治疗下呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染性疾病安全、有效,与进口头孢吡肟疗效相当。     

低能量长间距ESWL治疗尿路结石1200例报告

目的探讨低能量长间距冲击波技术在体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)中的应用以及X线、B超双定位技术在ESWL中的优势。方法应用低能量长间距冲击波及X线、B超双定位技术进行ESWL1200例。结果总碎石成功率为99.5%,3个月结石排净率为83.6%。结论低能量长间距冲击波技术碎石率高、组织损伤小、无严重并发症。X线、B超双定位技术值得推广。