Stand-up Conic

Abstract

Adverse drug reactions lead to a significant number of hospital admissions each year and thus contribute to the overall financial burden of health care. Some of these drug reactions are allergic responses. As the overall predictability of allergic responses to drugs remains low, efforts to improve our understanding of the processes underlying these responses continue as we strive toward the ultimate goal of primary prevention. Allergic reactions range from mild pruritic to severe systemic anaphylactic responses. We report a case of a young healthy man who developed an anaphylactic reaction to an over-the-counter expectorant. A skin test showed that the patient had an immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic response to guaifenesin, one of the components of commonly available cough medications. Our review of published literature showed that this is the first report of a severe allergic response to guaifenesin.     

Massive acetabular bone loss: Limits of trabecular metal cages

Massive acetabular bone loss (more than 50% of the acetabular area) can result in insufficient native bone for stable fixation and long-term bone ingrowth of conventional porous cups. The development of trabecular metal cages with osteoconductive properties may allow a more biological and versatile approach that will help restore bone loss, thus reducing the frequency of implant failure in the short-to-medium term. We report a case of massive bone loss affecting the dome of the acetabulum and the ilium, which was treated with a trabecular metal cage and particulate allograft. Although the trabecular metal components had no intrinsic stability, they did enhance osseointegration and incorporation of a non-impacted particulate graft, thus preventing failure of the reconstruction. The minimum 50% contact area between the native bone and the cup required for osseointegration with the use of porous cups may not hold for new trabecular metal cups, thus reducing the need for antiprotrusio cages. The osteoconductive properties of trabecular metal enhanced allograft incorportation and iliac bone rebuilding without the need to fill the defect with multiple wedges nor protect the reconstruction with an antiprotrusio cage.     

No Threshold Exists for Recommending Revision Surgery in Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty Patients With Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 346 Revisions

BackgroundSurgeons currently have difficulty when managing metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty (MoMHA) patients with adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). This stems from a lack of evidence, which is emphasized by the variability in the recommendations proposed by different worldwide regulatory authorities for considering MoMHA revision surgery. We investigated predictors of poor outcomes following MoMHA revision surgery performed for ARMD to help inform the revision threshold and type of reconstruction.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 346 MoMHA revisions for ARMD performed at 2 European centers. Preoperative (metal ions/imaging) and intraoperative (findings, components removed/implanted) factors were used to predict poor outcomes. Poor outcomes were postoperative complications (including re-revision), 90-day mortality, and poor Oxford Hip Score.ResultsPoor outcomes occurred in 38.5%. Shorter time (under 4 years) to revision surgery was the only preoperative predictor of poor outcomes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-4.46). Prerevision metal ions and imaging did not influence outcomes. Single-component revisions (vs all-component revisions) increased the risk of poor outcomes (OR = 2.99, CI = 1.50-5.97). Intraoperative modifiable factors reducing the risk of poor outcomes included the posterior approach (OR = 0.22, CI = 0.10-0.49), revision head sizes ≥36 mm (vs <36 mm: OR = 0.37, CI = 0.18-0.77), ceramic-on-polyethylene revision bearings (OR vs ceramic-on-ceramic = 0.30, CI = 0.14-0.66), and metal-on-polyethylene revision bearings (OR vs ceramic-on-ceramic = 0.37, CI = 0.17-0.83).ConclusionNo threshold exists for recommending revision in MoMHA patients with ARMD. However postrevision outcomes were surgeon modifiable. Optimal outcomes may be achieved if surgeons use the posterior approach, revise all MoMHA components, and use ≥36 mm ceramic-on-polyethylene or metal-on-polyethylene articulations.     

Does Intraoperative Cell Salvage Remove Cobalt and Chromium from Reinfused Blood?

In 12 patients undergoing a revision hip arthroplasty after a failed metal-on-metal primary hip arthroplasty, the effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in removing metal ions was investigated. Samples of blood collected during surgery were filtered using 2 ICS devices. The samples had the concentrations of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) measured before and after filtration. There was an average reduction of 76.3% for Cr concentration and 78.6% for Co concentration after ICS filtering. The Co-to-Cr ratio before and after filtration was similar. At the present time, these salvage systems should be used with caution in the patient undergoing revision of metal-on-metal bearing surfaces.     

粗银针恢刺治疗脊柱过敏症临床研究

目的:探寻治疗脊柱过敏症的有效疗法。方法:将45例患者分为治疗组(24例)和对照组(21例)。对照组常规毫针取阿是穴、夹脊穴治疗;治疗组采用粗银针恢刺督脉经阿是穴。观察两组患者疼痛及相关兼症的缓解情况。结果:治疗组治愈率75%,有效率95%;对照组治愈率38%,有效率66.7%;两组治愈率、有效率比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01),结论:粗银针恢刺治疗脊柱过敏症的疗效优于常规毫针治疗组。     

基牙尖锐边缘嵴对铸造冠适合性的影响

目的:研究牙体制备过程中基牙尖锐边缘嵴对铸造冠适合性的影响。方法:在已设计好的具有尖锐边缘嵴和圆钝边缘嵴的NO.2试验体(ADA)模型上分别制作铸造全冠,并进行分组试验。将轻体硅橡胶注入铸造全冠内后立即戴在各组模型上,待其凝固后测量各组模型与全冠之间的硅橡胶厚度。厚度越小,铸造冠适合性越好。结果:在圆钝边缘嵴模型组测得硅橡胶厚度的平均值为250μm,在尖锐边缘嵴模型组测得硅橡胶厚度的平均值为1 660μm,两者之间差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:与尖锐边缘嵴相比较,圆钝边缘嵴模型制备出的铸造冠具有更加良好的适合性。     

冠脉内植入国产金属裸支架的临床观察

目的评价国产冠脉金属裸支架(乐普H-stent支架)临床应用的有效性和安全性。方法选择48例冠心病患者行冠脉内支架植入术,植入63枚国产乐普H-stent金属裸支架。结果48例患者术后随访6~24(16.6±7.8)个月,38例症状消失(79.2%),10例术后心绞痛复发(20.8%),再狭窄6例(12.5%),新生血管病变4例(8.3%),随访期间无死亡、急性心肌梗死病例发生。结论国产H-stent金属裸支架应用于冠脉介入治疗安全有效。     

Patch testing with a mixture of 2 phenol-formaldehyde resins

1310 patients were routinely patch tested with a paratertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-F-R), a resol resin based on phenol and formaldehyde (P-F-R-2), and a mixture of these 2 resins. Approximately 2.5 times more patients with contact allergy to phenol-formaldehyde resins were diagnosed when routinely patch tested with P-F-R-2 in addition to PTBP-F-R. Although patch testing with a mixture of both resins was not as good as patch testing with the 2 resins separately, it was better than testing only with PTBP-F-R, since 1.6 times more patients with contact allergy to phenol-formaldehyde resins were still diagnosed. P-F-R-2 is therefore recommended for routine patch testing, preferably as a separate patch test but otherwise as a mixture with PTBP-F-R.