The effects of preoperative chronic opioid use in total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundPerioperative opioid use is becoming an increasingly concerning topic in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The current study aims to add to the paucity of prior studies that have detailed perioperative opioid use patterns and the effects of preoperative chronic opioid use among a cohort of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 256 consecutive patients who underwent a THA at our institution between February 2016 and June 2016 was performed. Two cohorts were compared: patients deemed 1) preoperative chronic opioid users, and 2) non-chronic users. Variables compared included baseline characteristics, quality metrics, and patients’ opioid use histories 3 months prior to surgery and 6 months following surgery.ResultsOf the 256 patients, 54 (21.1%) patients were identified as preoperative chronic opioid users. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, BMI, and ASA scores were similar between both cohorts. Discharge disposition, value-based purchasing (VBP) costs, length of stay (LOS), emergency room visits, and postoperative office visits were similar between the two cohorts. Readmission rates (30-day, 90-day, and 6-month) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the chronic opioid users cohort. By the 6-month postoperative time period, chronic opioid users were consuming approximately 100-times the morphine equivalents than non-chronic users.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that a substantial proportion of preoperative chronic opioid users continue to consume large amounts of opioids up to 6-months following THA surgery. Furthermore, preoperative chronic use is significantly associated with poorer quality outcomes, specifically with respect to readmission rates.Level of evidenceLevel II, Prognostic Study.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty for metal-on-metal failure

Metal-on-metal (MoM) arthroplasty systems became popular in the early-2000s due to presumed advantages of improved wear characteristics and superior stability. However, subsequent reports of abnormal soft-tissue reactions to MoM implants and national registry data reporting high failure rates raised concerns. Early outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) were poor, leading to development of surveillance programs and a trend towards early revision surgery. Patients with MoM arthroplasties require surveillance, comprehensive history and physical examination, imaging with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laboratory evaluation including metal ion levels. Operative strategies for revision THA vary from exchange of modular components to extensive debridement and reconstruction with revision components. Surgeons should be aware of the increased risks of dislocation and infection following revision THA for ARMD. However, there is growing evidence that early revision surgery prior to extensive soft tissue destruction results in improved outcomes and decreased re-operation rates. It is estimated that >1 million MoM articulations have been implanted, with a large proportion still in situ. It is imperative to understand the aetiology, presentation, and management strategies for these patients to optimise their clinical outcomes.     

Acute total hip arthroplasty for older patients with acetabular fractures: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveMultiple treatment options for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients exist. However, no large-scale studies have reported the outcomes of acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. We systematically evaluated all available evidence to characterize clinical outcomes, complications, and revisions of acute THA for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients.MethodsMeta-analysis of 21 studies of 430 acetabular fractures with mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 17−97 months). Two independent researchers searched and evaluated the databases of Ovid, Embase, and United States National Library of Medicine using a Boolean search string up to December 2019. Population demographics and complications, including presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), dislocation, infection, revision rate, neurological deficits, and venous thromboembolic event (VTE), were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWeighted mean Harris Hip Score was 83.3 points, and 20% of the patients had reported complications. The most common complication was HO, with a rate of 19.5%. Brooker grade III and IV HO rates were lower at 6.8%. Hip dislocation occurred at a rate of 6.1%, 4.1% of patients developed VTE, deep infection occurred in 3.8%, and neurological complications occurred in 1.9%. Although the revision rate was described in most studies, we were unable to perform a survival analysis because the time to each revision was described in only a few studies. The revision rate was 4.3%.ConclusionsAcute THA is a viable option for treatment of acetabular fracture and can result in acceptable clinical outcomes and survivorship rates in older patients but with an associated complication rate of approximately 20%. Considering the limited treatment options, THA might be a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients.     

Characterization of synovial fluid from periprosthetic infection in revision total joint arthroplasty by single-molecule microscopy

Periprosthetic joint infection is among the most common and severe complications in total joint arthroplasty. Today, a combination of different methods is used for diagnosis because no single method with sufficient sensitivity and specificity is available. In this study, we explored the usability of single-molecule microscopy to characterize synovial fluid samples from periprosthetic joint infections. Patients (n = 27) that needed revision arthroplasty underwent the routine diagnostic procedures for periprosthetic joint infection of the University Hospital in Bonn. Additionally, the diffusion rate of two probes, dextran and hyaluronan, was measured in small volumes of periprosthetic synovial fluid samples using single-molecule microscopy. To evaluate the suitability of single-molecule microscopy to detect PJI the AUC for both markers was calculated. The diffusion rate of hyaluronan in periprosthetic synovial fluid from patients with septic loosening was faster than in samples from patients with aseptic loosening. Single-molecule microscopy showed excellent diagnostic performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93, and allowed the detection of periprosthetic joint infection in patients that would be challenging to diagnose with current methods. For the first time, single-molecule microscopy was used to detect periprosthetic joint infection. Our results are encouraging to study the value of single-molecule microscopy in a larger patient cohort. The speed and accuracy of single-molecule microscopy can be used to further characterize synovial fluid, potentially allowing intraoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections in the future.     

Radiographic Outcomes in Treatment of Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis: Does Interposition of Acellular Dermal Allograft Prevent Metacarpal Settling?

Background  Osteoarthritis at the thumb carpometacarpal joint can have a profound impact on quality of life. Here, we evaluate radiographic outcomes in patients who have had open complete trapeziectomy, ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition, and acellular dermal matrix (GraftJacket) interposition—Group A, and compare them with those without GraftJacket interposition—Group B. Materials and Methods  Thirty patients who had undergone operative treatment for thumb basal joint arthritis by a single surgeon from 2009 to 2016 were identified, and charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, surgical and radiographic outcomes, and complications. Results  There was no significant difference in pre- and postoperative radial abduction or pre- and postoperative palmar abduction. The difference in intraoperative joint space was significant ( p = 0.006), but the difference in postoperative joint space was not ( p = 0.310). The average amount of metacarpal settling was 6.9 versus 3.7 mm ( p = 0.035) (Groups A and B, respectively). Three patients in Group A developed an inflammatory reaction to the GraftJacket, and one required reoperation for allograft removal. Conclusion  This study suggests that thumb basal joint arthroplasty with GraftJacket interposition does not lead to more favorable radiographic outcomes at long-term follow-up. The increased costs associated with GraftJacket use may not be justified in light of these outcomes.     

人工全髋关节置换术中非感染性髋臼骨缺损的治疗策略

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术在治疗非感染性髋臼骨缺损中的应用。方法 2000年1月至2010年1月间40例非感染性髋臼骨缺损初次行全髋关节置换患者,其中CroweⅢ、Ⅳ型先天性髋关节脱位18例,髋关节感染后融合14例,陈旧性髋臼骨折8例。内移髋关节旋转中心17例,结构性植骨13例,颗粒松质骨打压植骨10例;有14例应用钛网,9例重建钢板,7例加强杯固定。术前术后进行临床评估及X线评估。结果本组手术全部成功,术后无感染发生。本组40例患者随访8～42个月,平均（10.4±2.1）个月,随访时无假体松动,关节无疼痛,患者对手术结果满意,髋关节功能较术前明显改善,术前平均Harris评分为（58.4±6.1）分,术后为（88.6±3.1）分;术后平均Harris评分较术前提高明显,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对非感染性髋臼节段性和混合性骨缺损进行大块植骨并辅以颗粒骨,并选用牢固的钉板系统固定,将髋臼重建在真臼位置,并尽量采用非骨水泥型臼杯,通过不同的重建方法可以获得良好的髋关节功能。     

不同X线方法计算髋臼杯前倾角的准确性和可靠性研究

[目的]本文研究了文献上7种X线片测量髋臼前倾角的可靠性和准确性,以总结出适合临床应用的测量方法.[方法]对2011年9月20日～10月20在积水潭医院矫形骨科进行初次全髋关节置换的60个病人60例髋关节进行了CT和X线片测量髋臼假体前倾角研究.以CT测量结果为金标准,三位独立的测量者使用7种X线测量方法测量的前倾角结果与CT测量的结果进行了比较以评估各种方法的准确性,并评估了各种测量方法的组内和组间测量的可靠性.[结果]所有7种X线测量方法均有很高的组内和组间测量可靠性.与CT测量结果相比较,Widmer方法和Visser方法是不准确的,其他方法均是准确的.Visser方法与解剖学前倾角有正向强相关性.[结论]7种X线测量髋臼假体前倾角的方法中Lewinneck、Hassan、Ackland、Liaw、和Pradhan方法是可靠和准确的,Wid-mer方法和Visser方法是不准确的,但Visser方法可以用于测量髋臼假体的解剖学前倾角.考虑到测量的准确和计算的简便性,建议临床上采用Lewinneck方法和Liaw方法测量髋臼假体的前倾角.     

生物型假体全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的疗效评价

[目的]评价生物型假体全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗成人髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH)继发骨关节炎的疗效.[方法]对2002年2月～2009年8月在本院行THA治疗的76例(102髋)髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者的临床及影响学资料进行回顾性分析,其中男34例,女42例;年龄35～64岁,平均52.5岁.用Harris髋关节评分系统评价手术的临床疗效.根据骨盆平片及患髋正、侧位X线片观察髋臼、股骨假体的位置及其周围骨质变化.[结果]所有患者均获2年以上随访,平均5.3年.术后4例仍有轻度疼痛,服用非甾体类止痛药后缓解.8例存在不同程度下肢不等长(0.5 ～1.2 cm),Trendelenburg征阴性,无跛行.末次随访时Harris评分平均值(89.5±3.8)分,优46例(60髋),良20例(30髋),可10例(12髋);优良率为88.2％.末次随访时髋臼假体位置无明显移位,头臼包容性良好.30例出现异位骨化,6例出现髋臼周围骨溶解.股骨柄假体的位置无明显改变,中心固定有98髋(94.1％),柄-髓腔匹配优良率100％.4髋出现股骨侧骨溶解,8髋假体柄与股骨界面出现透亮线.所有病例均出现股骨近端骨重塑,其中Ⅰ度92髋,Ⅱ度10髋.无感染、假体松动、假体周围骨折等并发症发生.[结论]生物型假体全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的疗效满意.     

早期本体感觉训练对全膝关节置换术后患者步行能力的影响

[目的]观察本体感觉训练对全膝关节置换术后患者步行能力的影响。[方法]将40例全膝关节置换术后第3周的患者随机分为对照组及治疗组,对照组进行常规康复训练,治疗组在常规康复训练的基础上,增加本体感觉训练,包括闭链运动训练及Mtd视觉及听觉的反馈平衡训练,并于术后第3周、第4周末及第6周末进行起立-行走计时测试(timed"up and go"test,TUGT)、膝关节百分评分系统(the hospital for special surgery,HSS)及Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评测。计数资料采用t检验,计量资料采用u检验。[结果]本体感觉训练前,两组患者的上述评测结果比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),而在本体感觉训练后,尤其在术后第6周末,治疗组评测结果有明显改善,组间、组内比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]早期本体感觉训练可有效地改善患者的躯干、膝关节的动静态平衡能力,恢复患膝运动功能,提高独立步行能力。     

小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的早期疗效观察

目的探讨小切口单髁置换术(UKA)治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法对15例(15膝)膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎采用UKA治疗,术前行膝关节伸直位正侧位、双下肢全长正位、膝关节应力位、髌骨轴位X线片及膝关节MR检查,测量术前及术后膝关节主动活动度,并进行膝关节AKSS评分。结果所有患者随访4~16个月,平均10个月。末次随访时屈曲度与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);末次随访时AKSS评分与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小切口UKA治疗膝骨性关节炎早期疗效显著,具有创伤小、并发症少、术后功能恢复快的优点,中远期疗效有待于进一步随访。