隐性失血对双侧人工全膝关节同期置换手术的影响

[目的]研究双侧人工全膝关节同期置换术术后隐性失血的相关因素。[方法]对2005年2月～2007年2月44例双侧人工全膝关节同期置换术患者进行回顾性分析，通过Gross方程，根据身高、体重及手术前后的红细胞压积推算术后平均显性失血量及平均隐性失血量。[结果]平均总失血量2065ml，其中显性失血量1198ml，隐性失血量867ml，使用自体血回输患者总失血量为2180ml，隐性失血量为937ml（42％）；未使用自体血回输患者的总失血量是1950ml，隐性失血量是799ml（41％）；两组的隐性失血相比差异无统计学意义。[结论]双侧人工全膝关节同期置换术术后隐性失血量占总失血量的比例较高，且使用自体血回输不能完全满足机体恢复体循环的需要，在围手术期要特别注意及时补充血容量。     

双侧全髋关节置换术中自体血回输作用探讨

目的 双侧全髋关节置换术病人经常需要输入大量术中及术后异体血,其危险性包括溶血反应、感染乙肝或丙肝、感染HIV或梅毒等.减少异体血输入的最常用方法是采用术中自体血回输.该回顾性研究旨在评价术中自体血回输能否具有减少双侧全髋关节置换术围手术期异体输血总量的作用.方法 自2003年1月至2007年6月期间,行双侧首次全髋关节置换术51例,其中26例采用术中自体血回输(A组),25例未用术中自体血回输(B组),回顾性比较两组病人的性别、年龄、体重、身高、疾病、手术医生、手术时间,术前血红蛋白及红细胞压积,术中出血量、自体血回输量、异体血使用量,术后引流量、异体血使用量,术后1、3、7天血红蛋白和红细胞压积.结果 A组术中自体血回输330.7±122.7ml (100～557ml).术中异体血输入量在A组为661.5±437.3ml,B组为888.0±483.3ml(P=0.085).术后异体血输入量在A组为607.7±672.9ml,B组为328.0±423.8ml(P=0.082).两组之间术中和术后异体血总输入量无统计学差异(A组1269.2±807.8ml,B组1216.0±706.9ml,P=0.804).两组之间术后第1天血红蛋白和红细胞压积无统计学差异,而术后第3天血红蛋白和红细胞压积有统计学差异(P=0.020和P=0.013),术后第7天血红蛋白和红细胞压积又无统计学差异.结论 双侧全髋关节置换术术中自体血回输能够减少术中异体输血量,但不能减少围手术期异体输血总量.     

胫骨高位截骨对胫骨近端解剖形态的影响

[目的]测量胫骨高位截骨术后胫骨近端解剖形态,并与术前比较,探讨其变化的临床意义.[方法]2001～2005年,35例(59膝)因膝关节内侧室骨性关节炎接受胫骨高位截骨术患者的完整影像学资料,在术前、术后标准正侧位X线片中测量胫骨角;胫骨后倾角度;胫骨近端关节面外移;关节线高度.所得资料采用配对t检验进行统计学分析,以P＜0.01为差异有显著性意义.[结果]胫骨角术前平均为99.1°±4.3°,术后平均为91.1°±3.8°;胫骨后倾角度术前平均为8.9°±2.6°,术后平均为5.0°±2.3°;胫骨近端关节面外移术前平均为(46.2±3.6)%,术后平均为(53.1±3.9)%;关节线高度术前平均(41.2±3.6)mm,术后平均(38.0±3.2)mm.手术前后差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.01).[结论]胫骨近端解剖形态在胫骨高位截骨术后会发生明显变化,如胫骨角变小,后倾角度变小,胫骨近端关节面外移,关节线高度相对下降等,将对转行全膝关节置换术产生不良影响.     

伴有心脏疾患病人全膝关节置换术中关节周围大剂量布比卡因注射镇痛的疗效和安全性

[目的]研究人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)中关节周围软组织注射含有大剂量布比卡因的混合药物进行术后镇痛对于伴有心脏疾患病人的临床疗效以及有无毒副反应。[方法]35例准备进行单侧TKA的骨关节炎病人根据是否伴发心脏疾患分为心脏病组(12例)和非心脏病组(23例)。在围手术期所有患者按相同镇痛方案治疗,术中关节周围注射Ranawat Cocktail镇痛药液(包含0.75%布比卡因250 mg,吗啡4 mg,肾上腺素0.3 mg,甲基强的松龙40 mg,头孢唑啉0.5 g,生理盐水57 ml)。记录患者术后疼痛VAS评分、满意度、膝关节活动度、主动直腿抬高时间、伤口并发症、术后住院天数、心电图异常及心血管并发症等。[结果]两组病人术后VAS评分、满意度、膝关节活动度、主动直腿抬高时间和术后住院天数均无统计学差异,所有病人无伤口并发症以及心血管并发症发生。[结论]在TKA术中,关节周围注射含有大剂量布比卡因的Ranawat Cocktail混合药物对伴发心脏疾患的病人同样可以提供很好的术后镇痛效果,并且具有良好的安全性。     

高屈曲型与传统假体全膝置换对关节活动度影响的Meta分析

[目的]比较高屈曲型和传统假体进行全膝置换(totalkneearthrophsty,TKA)的术后关节活动度的差异.[方法]检索Medline、Embase、Cochranelibrary、CBM等,收集高屈曲型和传统假体TKA的对照试验,系统评价各研究质量,提取关节活动度的量化结果,采用RevMan5.0.18进行Meta分析.[结果]10个研究纳入Meta分析,共1124膝,其中高屈曲型假体组551膝,传统假体组573膝.统计结果显示:5个随机研究组中两组术后ROM无明显差异(P=0.05);非随机研究组中高屈曲的术后ROM略优于传统假体组(WMD=2.82°,95％CI[0.28,5.36],P＝0.03),但也少于5°,缺乏临床意义,并且该结论可能存在一定的发表性偏倚.[结论]目前的证据未能表明高屈曲型假体较传统假体更具提高术后膝ROM的优势.     

带翼型髋臼加强杯在重建髋臼肿瘤切除后骨缺损中的应用

目的探讨带翼型髋臼加强杯在重建髋臼肿瘤切除后骨缺损中的应用。方法 2003年6月-2009年12月,对25例髋臼肿瘤切除后HarringtonⅢ型骨缺损患者行带翼型髋臼加强杯联合人工全髋关节置换重建术。男13例,女12例;年龄13～73岁,平均51.2岁。患者主要临床症状为患侧髋部及臀部疼痛;病程1～96个月,中位病程6个月。转移瘤18例,多发性骨髓瘤3例,非何杰金淋巴瘤、Ⅰ级软骨肉瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、软骨母细胞瘤各1例。1例软骨母细胞瘤患者联合应用RIBBED人工全髋关节(LINK公司,德国),6例应用国产春利正达骨水泥型人工全髋关节,其余患者均应用SPⅡ人工全髋关节(LINK公司,德国)。结果围手术期无死亡患者,发生深部感染1例、髋关节假体脱位2例。转移瘤患者中,8例死于肿瘤进展,平均生存11个月;10例患者生存,平均随访时间15个月。1例多发性骨髓瘤患者术后21个月死于肺部感染;其余多发性骨髓瘤及非何杰金淋巴瘤患者均生存,平均随访时间17个月。软骨母细胞瘤与软骨肉瘤患者分别随访58个月及12个月,无肿瘤局部复发。骨巨细胞瘤患者术后19个月肿瘤复发。3例患者因肿瘤复发导致髋臼内植物松动,其余患者均未出现内植物失败。23例患者术后6个月关节功能行美国骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS 93)功能评分系统评分,为57%～93%,平均81%。结论采用带翼型髋臼加强杯重建HarringtonⅢ型髋臼骨缺损,联合人工全髋关节置换,术后并发症发生率低,重建关节功能较好。     

Kinematics of medial osteoarthritic knees before and after posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for the treatment of patients with end‐stage osteoarthritis (OA). However, the function of the knee is not always fully recovered after TKA. We used a dual fluoroscopic imaging system to evaluate the in vivo kinematics of the knee with medial compartment OA before and after a posterior cruciate ligament‐retaining TKA (PCR‐TKA) during weight‐bearing knee flexion, and compared the results to those of normal knees. The OA knees displayed similar internal/external tibial rotation to normal knees. However, the OA knees had less overall posterior femoral translation relative to the tibia between 0° and 105° flexion and more varus knee rotation between 0° and 45° flexion, than in the normal knees. Additionally, in the OA knees the femur was located more medially than in the normal knees, particularly between 30° and 60° flexion. After PCR‐TKA, the knee kinematics were not restored to normal. The overall internal tibial rotation and posterior femoral translation between 0° and 105° knee flexion were dramatically reduced. Additionally, PCR‐TKA introduced an abnormal anterior femoral translation during early knee flexion, and the femur was located lateral to the tibia throughout weight‐bearing flexion. The data help understand the biomechanical functions of the knee with medial compartment OA before and after contemporary PCR‐TKA. They may also be useful for improvement of future prostheses designs and surgical techniques in treatment of knees with end‐stage OA. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:40–46, 2011     

Mechanical properties of 7–10 mm bone grafts and small slurry grafts in impaction bone grafting

We compared the mechanical properties of morselized cancellous bone grafts of two sizes: 7–10 mm bone and small slurry bone (about 2 mm). The in vitro test was designed to simulate the hammer and impactor system for impaction bone grafting used in hip arthroplasty clinical practice. The 7–10 mm bone grafts showed higher height, elastic modulus, and massive extrusion strength than those of the small slurry bone grafts. No difference was found in yield strength. The bone mineral density of the 7–10 mm grafts continued to increase during impaction and became higher than that of the small slurry bone grafts after 10 impactions. Our results demonstrated that the small slurry bone grafts exhibit worse mechanical properties as compared with the 7–10 mm bone grafts, which implies that the use of this material in reconstruction of a bone defect in the acetabulum should be limited. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1491–1495, 2011     

Protective role of IL‐1β against post‐arthroplasty Staphylococcus aureus infection

MyD88 is an adapter molecule that is used by both IL‐1R and TLR family members to initiate downstream signaling and promote immune responses. Given that IL‐1β is induced after Staphylococcus aureus infections and TLR2 is activated by S. aureus lipopeptides, we hypothesized that IL‐1β and TLR2 contribute to MyD88‐dependent protective immune responses against post‐arthroplasty S. aureus infections. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of a post‐arthroplasty S. aureus infection to compare the bacterial burden, biofilm formation and neutrophil recruitment in IL‐1β‐deficient, TLR2‐deficient and wild‐type (wt) mice. By using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, we found that the bacterial burden in IL‐1β‐deficient mice was 26‐fold higher at 1 day after infection and remained 3‐ to 10‐fold greater than wt mice through day 42. In contrast, the bacterial burden in TLR2‐deficient mice did not differ from wt mice. In addition, implants harvested from IL‐1β‐deficient mice had more biofilm formation and 14‐fold higher adherent bacteria compared with those from wt mice. Finally, IL‐1β‐deficient mice had ～50% decreased neutrophil recruitment to the infected postoperative joints than wt mice. Taken together, these findings suggest a mechanism by which IL‐1β induces neutrophil recruitment to help control the bacterial burden and the ensuing biofilm formation in a post‐surgical joint. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1621–1626, 2011     

TKA胫骨平台冠状位倾斜度与临床结果

目的研究TKA患者膝关节胫骨平台冠状位倾斜度与临床结果之间的关系。方法回顾性分析我科自2004年1月至2005年2月期间TKA的骨关节炎病例261例。按术后胫骨平台假体内外翻情况分为3组：A组（外翻组）、B组（中立组）和C组（内翻组）。结果 A、B、C三组间在患者性别比例、年龄、体重指数、止血带时间、术后引流量、术后住院时间方面无显著差异。术前膝关节畸形情况各组间无显著差异。各组间术前ROM及HSS评分无显著差异。在术后2周时的膝关节活动度方面,A组与B、C两组间均存在显著差异（P〈0.01）,B组与C组间存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。术后2周时HSS评分,A组与B、C两组间均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,但B组与C组间无显著差异。术后2年HSS评分A、B、C三组间无显著差异。A组中有1例、B组中有2例,C组中有2例伤口脂肪液化;B组中有3例、C组中有1例术后出现患肢小腿肌间静脉血栓。结论 TKA术后冠状位倾斜度与术前因素、手术因素及手术并发症之间无显著相关性。TKA术后力线对近期临床结果可能有显著影响。通过进一步康复锻炼可弥补力线对长期临床结果的影响。