The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders (TSK-TMD)

For musculoskeletal disorders like low back pain and fibromyalgia, evidence is growing for fear of movement to play an important role in the development of chronic pain. In temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients, however, this construct has not received any attention yet. Therefore, in this paper, (1) a generally used instrument to measure fear of movement, the Dutch version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), was adapted for its use in TMD patients (and translated for equivalence to English), (2) the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the TSK-TMD were assessed, and (3) the association of various symptoms of TMD (i.e., pain, joint sounds, and limited jaw movements) with fear of movement was evaluated. In a sample of TMD patients (N = 301), confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor model based on 12 items provides the best fit of the TSK-TMD, with activity avoidance and somatic focus as its subscales. This two-factor solution of the Dutch TSK-TMD has generally good reliability and convergent validity. Multiple regression analysis showed that TMD functional problems (i.e., temporomandibular joint sounds or a stuck/locked feeling) were more strongly associated with fear of movement than with pain. This finding leads to new perspectives regarding the interplay between musculoskeletal complaints, cognition, and avoidance behavior. The results provide a basis for use of the 12-item version for routine assessment of fear of movement in TMD patients, and for future clinical studies, for example, to the role of fear of movement in TMD-treatment success.     

Validation of smoke inhalation therapy to treat microbial infections

Aim of the study

In traditional healing, the burning of selected indigenous medicinal plants and the inhalation of the liberated smoke are widely accepted and a practiced route of administration. This study elucidated the rationale behind this commonly practiced treatment by examining the antimicrobial activity for five indigenous South African medicinal plants commonly administered through inhalation (Artemisia afra, Heteropyxis natalensis, Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Pellaea calomelanos and Tarchonanthus camphoratus).

Material and Methods

An apparatus was designed to simulate the burning process that occurs in a traditional setting and the smoke fraction was captured for analysis and bioassay. Methanol and acetone extracts as well as the essential oil (for the aromatic species) were prepared and assayed in parallel with the smoke fraction.

Results

Antimicrobial data revealed that in most cases, the ‘smoke-extract’ obtained after burning had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values than the corresponding solvent extracts and essential oils. The combustion, acetone and methanol extracts produced different chromatographic profiles as demonstrated for Pellaea calomelanos where several compounds noted in the smoke fraction were not present in the other extracts.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the combustion process produces an ‘extract’ with superior antimicrobial activity and provides in vitro evidence for inhalation of medicinal smoke as an efficient mode of administration in traditional healing.     

TMD患者与常模及内外科疾病患者心理健康水平的对比研究

目的：探讨TMD患者是否存在较特异的精神心理特征。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）分别对TMD患者（44例）、肢体骨折患者（45例）、肾炎和白血病患者（47例）、进行量表调查。结果：TMD患者与常模的阳性项目数及强迫、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等反映心理健康水平的因子有显著性差异。结论：心理因素与TMD患者之间有明显相关关系。     

伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的成人正畸患者的人格特征

探讨伴颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）的成人正畸患者的人格特征,为正畸临床诊治此类患者提供参考依据。方法：采用艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）对42例伴TMD的成人正畸患者（实验组）,50例无正畸需求的伴TMD的成人错牙合畸形人群（对照组）进行测试,测试结果进行t检验。结果：EPQ人格因素问卷测量显示伴TMD的成人正畸患者N量表（神经质）和P量表（精神质）与对照组存在统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的成人正畸患者倾向于神经质和精神质的人格特征。     

A型肉毒毒素对TMD引起的面肌疼痛治疗效果的临床探讨

目的：对A型肉毒毒素在治疗TMD引起的面肌疼痛患者的治疗效果进行临床观察,为A型肉毒毒素在TMD引起的面肌疼痛治疗中的应用提供参考依据。方法方便选取2014年4月-2016年4月于该院就诊的105名因TMD引起面肌疼痛于该科就诊的患者随机分为2组,治疗组和对照组,治疗组52名患者,对照组53名患者。治疗组应用A型肉毒毒素对有明显压痛的面肌进行肌肉内注射；对照组应用0.9%氯化钠注射液进行肌内注射进行对照。分别于治疗后第1周末、第1月末和第3月末对治疗效果进行统计学比较。结果治疗后第1周末、第1月末和第3月末治疗组的有效率分别为78.08%、88.46%和96.15%；对照组的有效率分别为13.21%、9.43%和3.77%。治疗后第1周末、第1月末和第3月末治疗组和对照组治疗有效率差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论局部注射A型肉毒毒素对TMD引起的面肌疼痛有良好的治疗效果,并且效果持久。     

Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and their impact on psychosocial status in non‐patient university student's population

Background and Purpose. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) exhibit a combination of signs and symptoms, mainly characterized by pain and dysfunction, which impairs the functional capacity of the mastication system. These symptoms may produce a negative impact on social activities, employment and leisure. The aim of this study was to early identify the signs and symptoms of TMD and their impact on daily life of non‐patient university students. Methods. Data were collected from 183 students of the dentistry course. The Axis II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was administered and analyzed using Spearman test at a significance level of 0.05. Results. Among the 183 participants, 107 were women (58.47%) and 76 were men (41.53%). Age ranged from 18 to 47, with a mean age of 25.35 years. In relation to pain intensity and disability, 129 participants (70.88%) reported no pain in the previous 6 months. An analysis of depression revealed that 35 (19.67%) had moderate and 7 (3.83%) had severe depression. The assessment of nonspecific physical symptoms including pain revealed that nine (4.92%) exhibited moderate symptoms, and one (0.55%) exhibited severe symptoms. The nonspecific physical symptoms excluding items of pain analysis revealed that 44 (24.04%) exhibited moderate symptoms, and 91 (49.73%) exhibited severe. The functions reported as most adversely affected by jaw disability were yawning, eating hard foods, chewing, smiling and laughing. Regarding the habit, 64 (35%) confirmed having the nighttime and 59 daytime (32.3%) teeth grinding with a significant correlation with the four domains analyzed. A significant correlation was observed among all domains. Conclusion. This study analyzed a young population that exhibited para‐functional habits and nonspecific physical symptoms excluding pain that need some intervention since they could progress to a symptomatic TMD in future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.