上肢屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤的形成及功能挽救

目的探讨上肢轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤的形成以及侧胸和背部组织在功能挽救中的应用方式和疗效。方法2000年7月～2003年9月共收治6例上肢轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤患者,所有病例行一期再植或寄养再植。术后肩关节外展90°、肘关节屈曲100°位石膏或支具固定,6周后去除固定行功能锻炼。结果6例患者再植均顺利成活,随访3个月～2年,术后肩关节外展50°～90°,前屈50°～70°,后伸20°～30°,内收20°～40°;肘关节屈曲100°～140°,伸-20°～0°;重建术后3个月时屈肘肌力达Ⅳ～Ⅴ级。结论充分利用侧胸和背部组织特点进行分期、分层手术,解决创面覆盖和功能重建互相干扰的矛盾,是挽救严重轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤上肢,恢复其外形和功能的可靠方法。     

超声定位在体外冲击波疗法治疗肩部疾患的价值

目的探讨彩色超声定位在体外冲击波疗法(extracorporealshockwave therapy,ESWT)治疗肩部疾患的应用价值,比较超声定位及痛点定位ESWT的疗效差异。方法151例肩部疾患患者,病程均在3个月以上,且症状及体征较重。其中肩峰下滑囊炎65例,肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎86例,均行ESWT治疗。超声定位法采用彩色多普勒诊断仪探测确定冲击点,痛点定位法以触痛点结合解剖结构体表定位确定冲击点。65例肩峰下滑囊炎患者,采用超声定位25例,痛点定位40例;86例肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎患者,采用超声定位31例,痛点定位55例。采用0.12～0.16mJ/mm治疗能量,以超声及痛点定2位点为冲击点,每次治疗选1～2个冲击点,每个冲击点冲击800～1000次,一般做2～5次治疗,每次治疗间隔5d。对应用超声定位ESWT与痛点定位ESWT治疗肩峰下滑囊炎及肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎的疗效进行比较。结果随访6个月,超声定位ESWT治疗肩峰下滑囊炎及肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎的优良率分别为89.6%、92.3%;痛点定位ESWT治疗肩峰下滑囊炎及肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎的优良率分别为67.6%、73.6%。超声定位ESWT的优良率均高于痛点定位ESWT,两者比较差异有统计学意义。结论超声定位可通过观察肩部疾患的声像图特征,准确定位,提高ESWT治疗肩部疾患的疗效。     

Complex Functional Posttraumatic Shoulder Reconstruction Using Shoulder Arthroplasty and a Pedicled Innervated Latissimus Dorsi Flap—A Case Report and Literature Review

Background

The shoulder joint is one of the most freely movable joints in the human body and has therefore high importance for upper limb functionality. Several techniques have been developed to replace the glenohumeral joint including humeral hemiarthroplasty, anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, depending on the underlying pathology. For the soft tissue reconstruction, the innervated latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is a reliable solution flap in shoulder and arm reconstruction.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 16-year-old male patient with a complete destruction of the shoulder joint and soft tissues after ballistic trauma. We performed the reconstruction of the shoulder joint using a humeral hemiarthroplasty with a mesh fixation to the remaining glenoid. The soft tissue coverage and the restoration of the deltoid muscle function were insured with a pedicled innervated latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. One year postoperatively, the patient showed a good function of the shoulder joint with an excellent aesthetical result and no pain.

Conclusion

The pedicled latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap can safely restore the shoulder function, while the humeral hemiarthroplasty with mesh fixation can be a reliable solution for the reconstruction of a completely destructed shoulder joint.     

标准化护理在持续负压引流技术修复创伤性骨折合并软组织缺损中的应用效果及美观度观察

目的 探讨创伤性骨折合并软组织缺损患者行持续负压引流技术修复时采用标准化护理措施的 效果。方法 选取2020年1月-2022年12月我院收治的76例创伤性骨折合并软组织缺损患者为对象,随机分 为对照组和观察组,每组38例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组则采用标准化护理,比较两组各项临床指 标、并发症情况以及创面美观度。结果 观察组术后下床活动时间短于对照组,创面缩小面积大于对照 组,二期植皮天数少于对照组,皮瓣成活率高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组并发症发生率为5.26%,低于 对照组的23.68%（P＜0.05）;观察组创面美观度得分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 创伤性骨折合并软组 织缺损患者行持续负压引流技术修复时采用标准化护理措施,可加速患者的创面修复和加快康复进程,降 低并发症发生率,提高创口美观度,值得临床应用。     

The scapular/parascapular flap in reconstruction of distal lower extremity soft tissue defects over the Achilles tendon

Combined defects of soft tissue and Achilles tendon are rare and are usually seen following repair of the tendon. Large size defects frequently cannot be reconstructed with local tissue. Various free flaps such as the radial forearm flap and the temporoparietal fascia flap have been described for reconstruction. In selected cases with concomitant Achilles tendon defect or loss of gliding tissue, the fasciocutaneous scapular/parascapular flap with an axial fascial extension offers considerable advantages. Three cases with soft tissue and Achilles tendon defects have been treated with a scapular/parascapular flap during an 18 months period. The defect size ranged from 8×9 or 6×15 cm. All flaps survived, donor site morbidity was not significant and primary donor site closure was possible in all cases. Achilles tendon function was good in two cases and fair in one case. One flap had to be revised to produce better contour, but the other flaps were aesthetically pleasing. The scapular/parascapular flap with fascial extension is a useful addition in reconstruction of combined soft tissue and Achilles tendon defects. The axial fascial part is versatile and can be wrapped around the tendon to provide tendon reinforcement, gliding tissue or both. The thickness of the flap is uniform and a custom tailored flap is possible. Received: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 25 May 1998     

超声弹性成像在浅表软组织局灶性病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨超声弹性成像技术在浅表软组织局灶性病变诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 收集在我院就诊并手术的浅表软组织局灶性病变65例,并对其行实时超声弹性成像检查,根据病灶软硬度不同进行评分,并与术后病理进行分析.结果 良性病灶超声弹性图中良性囊肿病变以红绿蓝相间为多,良性实质性病变以1～3分多见,而恶性病变以4～5分多见.两组病变的弹性评分情况比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.以≥4分作为判断恶性病变的标准,其敏感度为84％,特异度为90％,准确率为88％.结论 超声弹性成像对浅表软组织局灶性病变良恶性病变的鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息.     

正交设计法优选复方苦黄涂膜剂的基质组成

目的优选复方苦黄涂膜剂的基质组成。方法以聚乙烯醇-124、甘油和乙醇的用量为因素;以成膜时间和外观性状为指标,采用正交设计法,对复方苦黄涂膜剂的基质组成进行优化,确定基质中不同辅料的最佳配比。结果优选得到最佳处方为A3B3C2,即聚乙烯醇-1248g,甘油6ml,95％乙醇30ml。结论优选所得处方制得的涂膜剂成膜时间短、质量稳定,为临床使用提供了理论基础。     

MEBO治疗额颞部软组织缺损疗效观察

目的观察湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗额颞部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对18例额颞部软组织缺损患者采用MEBO进行治疗,观察创面愈后瘢痕形成、面部外观及功能变化等情况。结果 18例患者创面愈合时间最短为12 d,最长为25 d;随访1个月~2年,除5例患者失访外,其余13例患者的面部外观及功能均恢复正常,愈后皮肤仅留有轻度色素沉着,皮肤弹性较好。结论MEBO治疗额颞部软组织缺损创面,操作方法简便,疗效显著,费用低廉,是治疗面部软组织缺损的有效疗法,有很好的临床应用前景。     

磁共振氢质子波谱评价无水乙醇消融治疗兔软组织VX2肿瘤疗效

目的：利用磁共振氢质子波谱（^1 H-MRS）来评价无水乙醇消融治疗兔软组织VX2肿瘤的疗效。方法：15只新西兰大白兔,雌雄不限,体重2．5-3．0 kg,在其右侧大腿内侧注射VX2肿瘤组织悬浮液各约0．2 mL,制备成荷瘤兔,于肿瘤组织接种后第14天行常规磁共振扫描,及氢质子波谱成像扫描,采用单体素（SVS）点分辨表面定位序列（PRESS）扫描,TR 1500 ms,TE 144 ms,激励次数8。扫描后第2天在磁共振导引及监视下行无水乙醇注射消融治疗。消融治疗后分别于第7、10天再行常规磁共振扫描及 MRS扫描,扫描参数与术前一致。观察磁共振常规扫描术前与术后肿瘤信号特点的变化;术前与术后 MRS波谱扫描谱线的质量、特点分析;比较术前与术后Cho/Lipid峰高值和峰下面积的比值,将扫描所得的数据利用机器自带的functool功能软件在磁共振扫描仪上进行分析,利用SPSS 17．0软件包进行统计分析。结果：术前肿瘤组织呈等信号或稍低信号（T1 WI）和明显的高信号（T2 WI）,术前肿瘤组织Cho 峰为第一高峰,Lipid 峰为第二高峰,Cr峰为最小峰;而术后消融坏死的肿瘤组织Lipid峰变为第一高峰,Cho 峰较术前明显下降而成为第二高峰,Cr 峰还是最小峰;术前Cho/Lipid峰高值的比值为1．2539±0．3537,峰下面积的比值为1．1357±0．2684;术后7天和10天Cho/Lipid峰高值的比值分别为0．3027±0．1132,0．3125±0．1087;峰下面积的比值分别为0．2589±0．1086,0．2673±0．1145。术后Cho/Lipid峰高值和峰下面积的比值较术前均明显降低,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：磁共振氢质子波谱用来评价无水乙醇消融治疗兔软组织VX2肿瘤的疗效有意义,治疗早期肿瘤实质的Cho峰较术前明显下降,Cho/Lipid峰高值和峰下面积的比值较术前明显降低。     

Hyperbaric oxygen as adjuvant therapy in the management of necrotizing fasciitis

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon but serious infection of fascia and skin associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. One modality proposed for improving the outcome of this condition is hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. This is a form of medical treatment that involves intermittent inhalation of 100% oxygen under pressures exceeding the atmosphere. The aim of this article is to review current practice and evidence for the use of HBO as adjunctive therapy in the management of NF. METHODS: A survey of published English literature through searches of Medline and PubMed was carried out using the following key words: "necrotizing fasciitis," "Fournier's gangrene," "necrotizing soft tissue infections," "hyperbaric oxygen therapy," "and hyperbaric oxygen chambers." RESULTS: The results of studies on the use of HBO therapy in NF are inconsistent. Some studies have demonstrated that HBO can improve patient survival and decrease the number of debridements required to achieve wound control, whereas others have failed to show any beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS: Encouraging results have been achieved with the addition of HBO therapy to standard treatment regimes, thus justifying further research in this field. More robust evidence by way of a prospective randomized trial is necessary before widespread and routine use of HBO in the management of NF can be recommended.