纳米银烧烫伤贴在压疮治疗中的应用研究

目的:探讨纳米银烧烫伤贴在压疮治疗中的应用效果。方法:选取2008年5月至2011年10月本科收治的145例压疮患者,按照入院顺序随机分为观察组73例和对照组72例,两组患者采用不同的换药方法,对比治疗效果。结果:观察组总有效率(87.67%)高于对照组(72.22%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治愈时间为(82.3±3.5)d,对照组治愈时间为(95.7±2.8)d,观察组明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:在常规治疗的基础上,使用纳米银烧烫伤贴治疗压疮疗效满意,方法简单,适合在临床推广应用。     

银质针疗法及其操作技术

银质针是上海伤科八大家之一——陆氏伤科的治伤工具,以“循经取穴”、“以痛为腧”和“功能运动中的痛点”为取穴原则,在软组织疼痛性疾病的治疗方面具有显著优势。本文介绍银员针疗法的发展应用概况、银质针的规格和特点、银质针疗法的取穴原则和银质针的操作方法。     

Distinct immunomodulatory effects of a panel of nanomaterials in human dermal fibroblasts

There are many efforts in understanding the effects of nanoparticles on cell viability and metabolism, however, not much is known regarding the distinct molecular mechanisms of inflammation and cellular stress using low dosing concentrations. To address this gap in the literature, we utilized a novel experimental design that specifically probes the effects of a panel of commonly studied engineered nanomaterials along immunomodulatory pathways, including NF-κB. The panel of particles selected for this study included quantum dot nanocrystals, titanium dioxide, hydroxylated fullerenes, and silver nanoparticles. Cell viability, antioxidant activity, select messenger RNA, and protein modulation were studied in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and NF-κB knockdown HDF cells. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory immune responses were measured using protein and real-time PCR array analysis from HDF cells exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of nanoparticles. Differences in cellular response to nanoparticles in protein and antioxidant experiments were evident in NF-κB knockdown cells. The methods used in the study, along with the resultant data sets, serve as a potential model for studying the complex pathway-specific biochemical responses in cell and tissue systems associated with nanoparticle exposures.     

Enhancement effect of terpenes on silver sulphadiazine permeation through third-degree burn eschar

Antimicrobial therapy remains one of the most important methods of wound management. Systemically administered antimicrobials may not achieve therapeutic levels in wound and most agents cannot penetrate burn eschar well enough when applied topically. Therefore, we tested the notion to increase permeability of eschar toward topical agents using terpenes, a well-known class of skin permeation enhancers.     

Assessing the safety and compatibility of silver based wound dressings in a magnetic resonance environment

Introduction

Silver dressings are an integral part of the management of burn patients. Package inserts assert a lack of compatibility and safety with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and recommend removal prior to any MRI procedure, although there is no clear evidence to support this recommendation. Dressing removal is associated with increased pain, anxiety, stress, and analgesia use. This study was to determine whether these products produce MRI image distortion or if the agitation of the silver particles generates enough heat which might produce further skin damage.

Methods

Hind limbs from euthanized pigs were used in a 7 T MRI scanner with three standard silver wound dressings. Images were obtained with both dry and wet dressings. Temperature was assessed before and during MRI by probes inserted between the dressing and skin. Images were independently reviewed by a radiologist and MR physicist for distortion.

Results

None of the dressings exhibited significant temperature increases nor produced significant distortion that influenced imaging quality.

Conclusion

Our data suggests silver containing wound dressings do not cause a significant increase in dressing temperature or image distortion and thus their removal is not warranted for clinical MRI examinations.     

The kinetics of thermal instability in nanocrystalline silver and the effect of heat treatment on the antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline silver dressings

The kinetics of nanocrystalline silver dressing heat treatment was investigated via isothermal heat treatments at 90 °C, 100 °C, and 110 °C lasting 2–50 h. Bactericidal efficacy of the dressings was measured via log reductions, while bacteriostatic longevity was determined via plate-to-plate transfer corrected zones of inhibition. Morphological evolution of the dressing was studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while changes in heat flow were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Increasing temperature increased the rate at which dressing bactericidal activity and bacteriostatic longevity decreased. Once changes in dressing properties began, they occurred nonlinearly with time. The earliest biological, chemical, and physical indicators of altered dressing properties were loss of bacteriostatic longevity, silver–oxygen bonds, and fine features, respectively. An early change in heat flow appeared to be responsible for these indicators, while a later change corresponded to rapid grain growth occurring after a critical crystallite size (30 nm) was reached. The grain growth exponent was determined to be 2.8 for temperatures of 100–110 °C, with an activation energy of 177 kJ/mol, suggesting that normal grain growth occurred, with volume and/or grain boundary diffusion as the dominant forms of diffusion. The thermal instability of nanocrystalline silver should be accounted for during production, storage, and use of dressings. The properties required for nanosilver antimicrobial efficacy demonstrated in this study, as well as its thermal instability, should be taken into consideration for the development of nanosilver products in the future.     

Liquid membrane system for extraction and electrodeposition of silver(I)

The process of Ag⁺ ions extraction from nitric solutions by bulk liquid membranes containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and tri-n-octylamine accompanied with silver(I) electrodeposition from perchloric acid solutions is studied at galvanostatic electrodialysis. The effects of the current density as well as of composition of the liquid membrane and aqueous solutions on the rate of the silver(I) transport are determined. More than 90% of silver ions was extracted from the feed solution containing 0.01 mol l⁻¹ AgNO₃ and about 40% of metal was electrodeposited during 1 h of electrodialysis. Sound adherent silver coatings have been deposited on platinum and copper cathodes.     

磺胺嘧啶银乳膏外敷治疗化疗药物外渗疗效分析

目的对比观察磺胺嘧啶银乳膏及30%硫酸镁溶液外敷治疗静脉化疗药物外渗的疗效。方法静脉化疗药物外渗的肿瘤患者34例,依据治疗情况,随机分为治疗组16例和对照组18例,2组均用2%利多卡因及地塞米松行环形封闭治疗,其中治疗组联合运用磺胺嘧啶银乳膏外敷,对照组联合运用30%硫酸镁溶液冷敷。结果治疗组疼痛明显减轻13例（81.3%）,高于对照组的8例（44.4%）,且红肿消退时间〈14d者14例（87.5%）亦高于对照组的3例（16.7%）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论磺胺嘧啶银乳膏外敷治疗化疗药外渗疗效好,值得临床推广应用。     

PVP-coated silver nanoparticles and silver ions induce reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and necrosis in THP-1 monocytes

The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in vitro. Silver ions (Ag+) have been used in medical treatments for decades whereas Ag NPs have been used in a variety of consumer products within recent years. This study was undertaken to compare the effect of well characterized, PVP-coated Ag NPs (69 nm ± 3 nm) and Ag+ in a human monocytic cell line (THP-1). Characterization of the Ag NPs was conducted in both stock suspension and cell media with or without serum and antibiotics. By using the flowcytometric annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay, both Ag NPs and Ag+ were shown to induce apoptosis and necrosis in THP-1 cells depending on dose and exposure time. Furthermore, the presence of apoptosis could be confirmed by the TUNEL method. A number of studies have implicated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytotoxicity mediated by NPs. We used the fluorogenic probe, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein to assess the levels of intracellular ROS during exposure to Ag NPs and Ag+. A drastic increase in ROS levels could be detected after 6–24 h suggesting that oxidative stress is an important mediator of cytotoxicity caused by Ag NPs and Ag+.     

玻璃离子水门汀与银合金粉的临床应用

目的观察评价玻璃离子水门汀与银合金粉在楔状缺损充填中的临床疗效。方法对80例有楔状缺损的患者,A区、B区分别用玻璃离子水门汀和银合金粉充填,观察效果。结果随访3年对比患者双侧同名牙充填材料的保留率、完整率,发现保留情况均良好,银汞合金充填完整率优于玻璃离子水门汀。结论在楔状缺损的修复中,玻璃离子水门汀粘结性好,使用方便,色泽接近牙体,强度适中,对洞型要求无银合金粉严格,无毒副作用,应优先考虑使用。