得宝松联合丹芎瘢痕涂膜治疗面颈部增生性瘢痕疗效观察

目的:观察得宝松与丹芎瘢痕涂膜联合应用治疗面、颈部增生性瘢痕的临床疗效。方法:治疗组采用得宝松瘢痕内注射(注射液配方:得宝松和2%利多卡因配比1:1)联合丹芎瘢痕涂膜外用治疗;对照组单纯采用得宝松瘢痕内注射治疗,分别进行对比分析两组痊愈率和有效率。结果:治疗组和对照组的痊愈率分别为63.1%、44.6%,经比较χ2=4.46,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;有效率分别为95.4%、84.6%,两组相比较χ2=4.21,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:得宝松、丹芎瘢痕涂膜联合治疗面部增生性瘢痕疗效优于单纯得宝松瘢痕内注射。     

Bacteriomimetic poly-γ-glutamic acid surface coating for hemocompatibility and safety of nanomaterials

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA), a major component of the bacterial capsule, is known to confer hydrophilicity to bacterial surfaces and protect bacteria from interactions with blood cells. We tested whether applying a bacteriomimetic surface coating of PGA modulates interactions of nanomaterials with blood cells or affects their safety and photothermal antitumor efficacy. Amphiphilic PGA (APGA), prepared by grafting phenylalanine residues to PGA, was used to anchor PGA to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, a model of hydrophobic nanomaterials. Surface coating of rGO with bacterial capsule-like APGA yielded APGA-tethered rGO nanosheets (ArGO). ArGO nanosheets remained stable in serum over 4?weeks, whereas rGO in plain form precipitated in serum within 5?minutes. Moreover, ArGO did not interact with blood cells, whereas rGO in plain form or as a physical mixture with PGA formed aggregates with blood cells. Mice administered ArGO at a dose of 50?mg/kg showed 100% survival and no hepatic or renal toxicity. No mice survived exposure at the same dose of rGO or a PGA/rGO mixture. Following intravenous administration, ArGO showed a greater distribution to tumors and prolonged tumor retention compared with other nanosheet formulations. Irradiation with near-infrared light completely ablated tumors in mice treated with ArGO. Our results indicate that a bacteriomimetic surface modification of nanomaterials with bacterial capsule-like APGA improves the stability in blood, biocompatibility, tumor distribution, and photothermal antitumor efficacy of rGO. Although APGA was used here to coat the surfaces of rGO, it could be applicable to coat surfaces of other hydrophobic nanomaterials.     

Fabrication and characterization of Mg-doped chitosan–gelatin nanocompound coatings for titanium surface functionalization

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in clinic and achieved great success. Due to the bio-inertness of titanium surface, challenges still exit in some compromised conditions. The present study aimed to functionalize titanium surface with magnesium (Mg)-doped chitosan/gelatin (CS/G) nanocompound coatings via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). CS/G coatings loaded with different amount of magnesium were successfully prepared on titanium substrate via EPD. Physicochemical characterization of the coatings confirmed that magnesium ions were loaded into the coatings in a dose-dependent manner. XRD results demonstrated that co-deposition of magnesium influenced the crystallinity of the coatings, and a new crystalline substance presented, namely hydrated basic magnesium carbonate. Mechanical tests showed improved tensile and shear bond strength of the magnesium-doped coatings, while the excessively high magnesium concentration could eventually decrease the bonding strength. Sustained release of magnesium ion was detected by ICP-OES within 28 days. TEM images also displayed that nanoparticles could be released from the coatings. In vitro cellular response assays demonstrated that the Mg-doped nanocompound coatings could enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to CS/G coatings. Therefore, it could be concluded that Mg-doped CS/G nanocompound coatings were successfully fabricated on titanium substrates via EPD. It would be a promising candidate to functionalize titanium surface with such organic–inorganic nanocompound coatings.     

Demonstration of pharmaceutical tablet coating process by injection molding technology

We demonstrate the coating of tablets using an injection molding (IM) process that has advantage of being solvent free and can provide precision coat features. The selected core tablets comprising 10% w/w griseofulvin were prepared by an integrated hot melt extrusion-injection molding (HME-IM) process. Coating trials were conducted on a vertical injection mold machine. Polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide based hot melt extruded coat compositions were used. Tablet coating process feasibility was successfully demonstrated using different coating mold designs (with both overlapping and non-overlapping coatings at the weld) and coat thicknesses of 150 and 300?μm. The resultant coated tablets had acceptable appearance, seal at the weld, and immediate drug release profile (with an acceptable lag time). Since IM is a continuous process, this study opens opportunities to develop HME-IM continuous processes for transforming powder to coated tablets.     

苦参碱结肠靶向微丸的制备及体外释放性能评价

目的:优选苦参碱结肠靶向微丸的制备工艺。方法:采用挤出-滚圆法制备苦参碱载药丸芯,利用流化床包衣技术对苦参碱载药丸芯进行包衣,并进行体外释放度的考察。结果:苦参碱载药丸芯的优化处方工艺为:苦参碱10g,微晶纤维素40g,羧甲基纤维素钠0.5g,纯化水46mL。其包衣微丸外层衣尤特奇L30D-55增重20%,内层衣尤特奇EPO增重30%。体外释放度实验表明,苦参碱包衣微丸在模拟的胃液中基本不释放,在pH 5.0磷酸缓冲液中较快释放,在pH 6.8磷酸缓冲液中则释放缓慢。结论:苦参碱载药丸芯处方工艺简单稳定。苦参碱包衣微丸结肠靶向性较好,同时模拟实验提示在结肠pH发生明显下降时苦参碱结肠靶向微丸仍具有结肠靶向性。     

PVC/PE/PVDC固体药用复合硬片PVDC涂布量测定

目的 建立一种测定聚氯乙烯/聚乙烯/聚偏二氯乙烯（PVC/PE/PVDC）固体药用复合硬片PVDC涂布量的方法。方法 裁取10 cm×10 cm的样品5片,将样品先在丙酮中浸泡,分离得到PVC层和PE/PVDC复合层。将PE/PVDC复合层于80℃中干燥2 h后,于23℃放置4 h,精密称定。再将PE/PVDC复合层在四氢呋喃中浸泡,使PVDC层溶解在四氢呋喃溶液中,得到PE膜层,于80℃中干燥2 h后,于23℃放置4 h,精密称定,前后2次差值即为PVDV质量（g）。最后计算PVDC涂布量（以g·m^-2表示）。结果 5批样品PVDC涂布量测定结果与标示涂布量均一致,且偏差均在±5%之内。结论 该方法准确、灵敏,适用于PVC/PE/PVDC固体药用复合硬片PVDC涂布量的测定。     

New method for evaluation of tongue-coating status

The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of Tongue Coating Index, which is a new method for evaluating tongue-coating status. To determine the reliability and reproducibility of our new evaluation criteria (Score 0: Tongue coating not visible; Score 1: Tongue coating thin, papillae of tongue visible; Score 2: Tongue coating very thick, papillae of tongue not visible), 10 observers evaluated 20 photographs of tongues. Each tongue surface was divided into nine sections. Observers evaluated each section according to our new criteria and each score for tongue-coating status was recorded in the pertinent section of the Tongue Coating Record form. They repeated the same evaluation 2 weeks after the first evaluation. The relationship between the scores obtained and number of oral microorganisms was investigated in 50 edentulous patients. Tongue coating was collected from the tongue surface after evaluation of tongue-coating status. The total number of anaerobic bacteria and the number of Candida species were counted from the specimens collected. Interobserver agreement and intraobserver agreement were 0.66 and 0.80 by Cohen's kappa, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the number of Candida species among the three scores. The number of total anaerobic bacteria, however, was significantly different among the scores (P < 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that our method for evaluating tongue-coating status offers new criteria that are superior in reliability and reproducibility, and that also reflect the total number of anaerobic bacteria present on the dorsum of the tongue.     

Evaluation of tongue coating indices

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine inter-examiner reproducibility of two modified Winkel tongue coating indices and to study the relationship between each of these two indices and the amount of tongue coating as determined by wet weight of scrapings from the dorsum of the tongue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five participants were selected for the study from among dental students. The selection was made to assure that a wide range of degrees of tongue coating were represented. Two independent examiners scored the tongue coatings using the two modified Winkel tongue coating indices (mWTCI 1 + 2 and mWTCI 2). After completion of index recordings, tongue scrapings were performed by one of the examiners. RESULTS: Inter-examiner reproducibility of mWTCI 1 + 2 and mWTCI 2 using Pearson's coefficients of correlation amounted to r = 0.48 and 0.93 respectively. Overall, mWTCI 2 showed higher correlations to wet weight of tongue scrapings than mWTCI 1 + 2. CONCLUSION: The mWTCI 2 was found to be highly reproducible and also valid as related to wet weight of tongue scrapings. This index would seem suitable for further studies on tongue coatings; effect of tongue cleaning; and rate of reformation of coatings after cleaning.     

Tibial Implant Fixation Behavior in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Study With Five Different Bone Cements

BackgroundThe objectives of this study are to (1) evaluate if there is a potential difference in cemented implant fixation strength between tibial components made out of cobalt-chromium (CrCoMo) and of a ceramic zirconium nitride (ZrN) multilayer coating and to (2) test their behavior with 5 different bone cements in a standardized in vitro model for testing of the implant-cement-bone interface conditions. We also analyzed (3) whether initial fixation strength is a function of timing of the cement apposition and component implantation by an early, mid-term, and late usage within the cement-specific processing window.MethodsAn in vitro study using a synthetic polyurethane foam model was performed to investigate the implant fixation strength after cementation of tibial components by a push-out test. A total of 20 groups (n = 5 each) was used: Vega PS CrCoMo tibia and Vega PS ZrN tibia with the bone cements BonOs R, SmartSet HV, Cobalt HV, Palacos R, and Surgical Simplex P, respectively, using mid-term cement apposition. Three different cement apposition times—early, mid-term, and late usage—were tested with a total of 12 groups (n = 5 each) with the bone cements BonOs R and SmartSet HV.ResultsThere was no significant difference in implant-cement-bone fixation strength between CrCoMo and ZrN multilayer-coated Vega tibial trays tested with 5 different commonly used bone cements.ConclusionApposition of bone cements and tibial tray implantation in the early to mid of the cement-specific processing window is beneficial in regard to interface fixation in TKA.     

硅胶胃管留置时间的研究

报道９０例重型颅脑损伤病人胃管留置时间的研究。随机将病人分为３组，置管时间甲组１１～２０天；乙组２１～３０天；丙组３１～４０天。结果：甲组与乙组对鼻、咽粘膜影响差异无显著性；乙组与丙组差异有显著性。结论：硅胶胃管留置适宜时间是２１～３０天。