应用磁共振成像定量评价主涎腺的增龄性改变

目的 探讨人类不同年龄组正常主涎腺磁共振成像(MRI)体积、信号强度及表观扩散系数(ADC)值的增龄变化规律.方法 回顾分析2009至2014年间苏州大学附属第二医院行常规头颈部MRI检查、无涎腺疾病的患者300例,测量4个年龄组共300例受试者600侧腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺的体积、T1WI、T2WI信号强度与ADC值.以脑脊液为对照,计算各涎腺的相对信号强度(RSI).结果 腮腺的体积、T1WI RSI、T2WI RSI和舌下腺的T2WI RSI与年龄有相关性(P＜0.01).腮腺体积、T1WI RSI、T2WI RSI在老年期之前逐渐升高,老年期后有所下降,其中未成年组与中年组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).只有未成年组与中年组颌下腺的ADC值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 MRI能有效评价正常涎腺结构与功能的增龄性改变,可以为老龄化研究和涎腺疾病的评估提供基线参考依据,具有较高的临床价值.     

中药影响变形链球菌对唾液获得性膜粘附的研究

目的：研究不同传统中药提取物对变形链球菌在唾液获得性膜粘附的影响，进一步探讨中药防龋的可能机制。方法：采用唾液包被羟磷灰石（S－HA）形成实验性获得性膜的体外模式，以变形链球菌作为试验菌株，用不同的药物提取物分别处理S－HA和菌细胞，观察细菌对S－HA的粘附情况。结果：两组试验中大部分试验药物均能抑制菌细胞对S－HA的粘附，且随药物浓度的升高而逐渐增强。这些药物中，以五倍子的抑制作用表现更为显著，其在1、2、4mg/ml时的抑制率可达100％。结论：五倍子等传统中药能有效抑制变形链球菌对唾液获得性膜的早期粘附。     

分析探讨唾液pH值及个人生活行为习惯对患龋的影响

目的分析探讨唾液pH值及个人生活行为习惯对患龋的影响。方法筛选2013年1月—2014年1月于该院就诊的普通患者266例,作为研究对象。采集所有患者的唾液并测量其pH指标,调查患者的个人生活行为习惯,其中包括日常饮食、个人卫生及生活状态。并分析唾液pH值及个人生活行为习惯对龋齿发病的影响。结果 pH值由8下降到5时,患龋均数分别为（1.1±0.2）、（3.0±0.7）、（5.5±1.2）、（8.9±1.5）,表示患者唾液pH值越高则其龋齿发生数目、发生率越低;调查结果显示零食食用频率、刷牙次数、个人卫生习惯等均为龋齿发生的相对相关影响因素,在患龋发生率上比较存在显著差异。结论个人生活行为习惯是影响儿童或成年人患龋发生的主要因素,同时唾液pH值可作为龋齿发病的独立危险因素,针对纠正患者唾液pH及改善个人生活行为习惯可有效预防及控制龋齿的发生。     

唾液蛋白与脾肾两虚、气血不足的关系

实验表明,脾肾两虚、气血不足患者唾液蛋白明显下降,与正常人相比差异明显(P<0.01);脾肾两虚患者唾液蛋白与血浆白蛋白及总蛋白量成正相关性,气血不足患者唾液蛋白与血色素、红细胞量亦成正相关性。     

Interventional Sialendoscopy for Parotid Ductal Calculi: Our Preliminary Experience

With this article we present our initial experience with interventional sialendoscopy of the parotid duct for the parotid calculi. We carried out a prospective study of patients of parotid calculi in a tertiary referral centre. Diagnostic and interventional sialendoscopy was performed in five cases of parotid calculi. The outcome was classified on the basis of clearance of the lumen of the duct and resolution of symptoms. Diagnostic sialendoscopy was able to diagnose the calculus in all cases. Interventional sialendoscopy was done under general anesthesia in all cases and calculus was successfully removed. The average size of sialolith was 8.2 mm. No complications occurred in any of the cases. Check sialendoscopy was done in all cases after a minimum follow up of 6 months, which showed the duct lumen to be free of stone with no stricture of the duct. Sialendoscopy is an optimal technique for removal of intraductal parotid calculi and avoids removal of the gland. In our series there was no associated morbidity and complication.     

A Double-Clear Variant of Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

The hallmark of the histology of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is the presence of a regular repetitive mixture of bilayered duct-like structures with an outer layer of myoepithelial cells and inner ductal epithelial cells. Clear cell change in the myoepithelial component is common, but clearing of both cell types, giving an impression of a monocellular neoplasm, is rare. A parotid biopsy was received from an 83-year-old male and subject to routine histologic processing for conventional staining and immunohistochemistry. The encapsulated tumour was composed of sheets of PAS/diastase negative clear cells, separated by fibrous septae. The clear myoepithelial cells were positive for S-100 protein, SMA, and p63 and negative for CK19 and surrounded CK19-positive luminal cells. It is important to utilise immunohistochemistry to differentiate this tumour from others with a similar histologic pattern. Information about the behaviour of the double-clear EMC is limited since there are few cases reported.     

口腔粘液囊肿13例术后伤口旷置疗法分析

目的探讨口腔粘液囊肿术后伤口旷置疗法的临床效果。方法对13例口腔粘液囊肿患儿行手术切除,术后伤口旷置不予缝合,减少了腺体损伤及导管堵塞。结果13例患儿术后随访6个月,无1例复发。结论术后伤口旷置治疗口腔粘液囊肿能有效减少复发率,并免去了术后拆除缝线给患儿带来的2次痛苦,深受患儿家长欢迎。     

Dynorphin-(1–13)-Like Immunoreactivity in Central Nervous System and Pituitary Gland of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

We determined by radioimmunoassay concentrations of dynorphin-(1–13)-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and pituitary gland of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs). Compared to WKYs, SHRs had significantly lower levels of dynorphin-(1–13)-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. However, such immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, diencephalon, brainstem and spinal cord of SHRs and WKYs were similar.     

Parotid abscess: mini-pictorial essay

Bacterial and viral infection of the intraparotideal and periparotideal lymph nodes, or of the glandular parenchyma, can lead to inflammatory and subsequently suppurative changes, which can result in abscess formation. Sonography allows a detailed morphological evaluation of the gland and has an important value, complementary to clinical examination, in the study of parotid inflammatory diseases. Specifically, sonography defines lesion’s characteristics and, in a large number of cases, also its nature and, among the various imaging techniques, it is considered first-line imaging for the evaluation of parotid abscesses, which are characterized by hypo-anechoic lesions, with irregular margins. Color Doppler signals are peripheral to the abscess. If combined with color Doppler, sonography is important not only in diagnosis, but also in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and as a guide to the aspiration and drainage of abscesses. The rarity of some of these lesions led us to publish this mini-pictorial essay.     

The effects of diabetes and autonomic neuropathy on parotid salivary flow in man

Stimulated parotid salivary flow studies were performed on 20 non-diabetic subjects and on 30 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who had been screened for autonomic neuropathy using tests of cardiovascular reflexes. Electrical gustometry was performed to detect the taste threshold. The stimulated parotid salivary flow rates of diabetics with no autonomic neuropathy or early parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction alone were similar to those of non-diabetic subjects. Diabetic patients with established parasympathetic autonomic neuropathy had significantly higher salivary flow rates as did those with combined sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathies. Taste thresholds did not correlate either with the duration of the diabetes or with the presence of autonomic neuropathy. The cause of the increased salivary flow associated with diabetic autonomic neuropathy is unclear. It may represent the removal of a neural inhibitory mechanism which modulates salivary flow, or the effects of long-standing diabetes on salivary secretion.