上颌第一前磨牙根管及根管峡区再治疗的实验研究

目的：评估不同再治疗技术清理根管及峡区内根充物的效果。方法：30颗单牙根双根管的上颌第一前磨牙采用热牙胶连续波充填技术充填后分为3组去除根充物：A组,不锈钢器械（K锉和H锉）;B组,不锈钢器械（K锉和H锉）＋除丁克溶剂;C组,ProTaper再治疗器械＋除丁克溶剂。记录操作时间。各组用除丁克暂封5min,再使用Endo Activator冲洗,拍摄X线片,评价根管内根充物残留量。结果：A组操作时间显著高于B组和C组（P〈0．05）。B组和C组清洁效果优于A组。根管内暂封除丁克及使用Endo Activator冲洗后残留物显著少于器械操作即刻结束的残留物（P〈0．05）。结论：各种再治疗方法均不能彻底清除根管及峡区内的根充物,除丁克和Endo Activator有助于减少根充物残留。     

Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by MTA- and ZnOE-based sealers

Crown discoloration can be induced by root canal sealer remnants following root canal treatment.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate chromatic alterations in human tooth crowns induced by a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based sealer (MTA Fillapex^® and a commonly used ZnOE-based sealer (Roth-811). The tested null hypothesis was that the application of the materials did not induce clinically perceptible crown discoloration (Ho: CIE color difference ΔE<3.7).

Material and Methods:

Forty five fully developed, intact, mandibular third molars were sectioned 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction. The pulp chambers were chemomechanically debrided via the cervical access. The specimens were randomly assigned into three groups Group 1: MTA Fillapex, Group 2: Roth 811, Group 3: Negative control (unfilled) and immersed in individually marked vials containing distilled water up to the cervix (37±1º C). The spectral reflectance lines were recorded by utilizing a UV-VIS spectrophotometer equipped with integration sphere in the visual spectrum at baseline, 1 week, 1 and 3 months after material placement. Data were transformed into values of the CIE L*a*b* color system and the corresponding ΔE values were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way mixed ANOVA models, at p=0.05 level of significance.

Results:

A statistically significant increase in a* and b* chromatic parameters of the MTA Fillapex Group was measured. However, ΔE values did not exceed the human eye perceptibility threshold (set at ΔE<3.7) during the experimental period (ΔEt3=2.88). In Roth-811 Group, a statistically significant decrease in L* and a statistically significant increase in a* and b* chromatic parameters was measured, during all observation periods. Resultant ΔE values exceeded the human eye perceptibility threshold after 1 week (ΔEt1=5.65).

Conclusions:

Application of MTA Fillapex in tooth crowns resulted in minimal color alterations, while Roth 811 induced severe discoloration, in vitro. It could be suggested that, in terms of aesthetics, the use of MTA Fillapex appears to be favorable.     

甲硝唑与呋喃西林根管冲洗液临床疗效观察

目的探讨甲硝唑在根管治疗中的临床疗效。方法将141颗需作根管治疗患牙随机分为2组,Ⅰ组用0．5％甲硝唑作根管冲洗液,Ⅱ组用0．02％呋喃西林作根管冲洗液,比较两组对根尖周炎的疗效,将结果进行统计学分析。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组的治疗疗程有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;根管封药2次以内疼痛、红肿好转现象两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,但叩痛、臭味、瘘管好转有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组的总有效率接近（P〉0．05）。结论甲硝唑能减少疗程,有较好的疗效。     

我国白内障摘除手术效果及影响因素分析

目的探讨我国开展白内障摘除手术的效果及其影响因素。方法病例对照研究。对全国白内障复明手术信息报告系统中2017年1至12月全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)上报的接受白内障摘除手术的2078479例患者信息进行统计描述。分析白内障摘除手术后3 d、3个月患者视力改善情况及年龄、性别、术前矫正视力、既往病史、手术方式等对白内障摘除手术效果的影响。手术效果根据术后最佳矫正视力分为效果良好、效果一般、效果差。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验及多分类logistic回归模型等进行统计学分析。结果2078479例患者中,女性1197942例(57.64%),男性880537例(42.36%);患者年龄为(69±11)岁;白内障类型以年龄相关性白内障(1928440例,92.78%)为主。术前、术后3 d、术后3个月矫正视力填写完整的病例分别有1608385、1126961、389020例。手术后患者视力状况有了明显改善,术后3 d、术后3个月与术前矫正视力(最小分辨角对数转换后)的差值中位数分别为-0.48、-0.52,四分位数间距分别为0.60、0.73,术后3 d、术后3个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=551599.30,206815.35;均P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,发生术后并发症(效果一般:OR=0.50,95%CI为0.46~0.55;效果良好:OR=0.31,95%CI为0.28~0.33)、术前瞳孔状态异常(效果一般:OR=0.52,95%CI:0.44~0.61;效果良好:OR=0.55,95%CI为0.47~0.63)、术前眼压异常(效果一般:OR=0.86,95%CI为0.79~0.93;效果良好:OR=0.45,95%CI为0.42~0.49)、既往高血压病史(效果一般:OR=0.90,95%CI为0.85~0.95;效果良好:OR=0.88,95%CI为0.83~0.93)和糖尿病病史(效果一般:OR=0.86,95%CI为0.80~0.93;效果良好:OR=0.92,95%CI为0.86~0.99)是影响手术效果的危险因素;术前矫正视力好(术前矫正视力0.2~0.4,效果一般:OR=2.20,95%CI为2.06~2.34,效果良好:OR=5.25,95%CI为4.94~5.59;术前矫正视力0.5~0.7,效果一般:OR=1.08,95%CI为0.96~1.21,效果良好:OR=6.35,95%CI为5.69~7.08;术前矫正视力≥0.8,效果一般:OR=0.73,95%CI为0.60~0.89,效果良好:OR=6.58,95%CI为5.51~7.86)、小切口囊外白内障摘除术(效果一般:OR=3.19,95%CI为2.35~4.33;效果良好:OR=6.79,95%CI为5.13~8.97)和超声乳化白内障吸除术(效果一般:OR=2.12,95%CI为1.60~2.81;效果良好:OR=3.34,95%CI为2.59~4.32)为手术效果的保护因素。结论我国白内障患者行白内障摘除手术后视力状况有明显改善,但仍有部分患者处于中度视力损伤状态;手术效果受术前矫正视力、术前眼压、术前瞳孔状态、手术方式、术后并发症等多种因素影响。     

Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and the relation to risk factors

Objectives:To investigate root resorption after 6 months of active orthodontic treatment and its relation to possible risk factors.Materials and Methods:Ninety-seven patients (10–18 years) with a Class I malocclusion and crowding treated with fixed appliance and premolar extractions were examined with cone beam computed tomography before and after 6 months of active treatment. The exposure covered all teeth from first molar to first molar in both jaws. The Malmgren index was used to evaluate the degree of root resorption. Irregular root contour (score 1) was seen in most teeth already before active treatment, and therefore resorptions were registered only as score 2 (<2 mm, minor resorption) or higher.Results:Minor root resorption was noted in 10% of the patients and severe root resorption, >2 mm (score 3) was found in four patients. Root resorption was more frequently seen in the upper jaw, especially the incisors. There was no statistically significant correlation of root resorption with any of the selected risk factors.Conclusions:After 6 months of treatment, clinically significant resorption was diagnosed in 4% of the patients, ie, in 96% of the patients the radiographic examination did not reveal any significant information. The selected risk factors did not have any impact on the amount of resorption after 6 months of active treatment.     

Comparison of root resorption between self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets using cone beam computed tomography

Objective:To compare the magnitude of external apical root resorption (EARR) of incisors in patients undergoing the initial phase of orthodontic treatment with two sets of brackets.Materials and Methods:According to the results of the power analysis for sample size calculation, 19 Angle Class I patients (anterior crowding: 3 to 5 mm; mean age: 20.6 years) were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups: group I (n  =  11, self-ligating brackets) and group II (n  =  8, conventional preadjusted brackets). The degree of EARR was detected in 152 upper and lower incisors by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and a three-dimensional program (Dolphin 11.5, Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif) with 25% level of sensitivity. The CBCT scans were obtained before (T1) and 6 months after initiation of treatment (T2). Differences between and within groups were analyzed by nonpaired and paired t-test, respectively, with 5% significance level.Results:Significant differences were found for both groups between T1 and T2. However, no differences in the degree of EARR were detected between the groups studied.Conclusions:Although EARR has occurred in all teeth evaluated, the bracket design (self-ligating or conventional) did not demonstrate any influence on the results observed.     

Assessment of laminate technique using glass ionomer and resin composite for restoration of root filled teeth

Objective

To evaluate the open laminate technique using glass ionomer cements (GIC) in association with a low shrink composite for restoring root filled premolars.

Methods

Extensive MOD cavities plus endodontic access and root filling were performed in intact extracted maxillary premolars. Three restoration types were evaluated: (1) resin composite alone; (2) resin-modified GIC (RM-GIC) open laminate plus resin composite; (3) conventional GIC open laminate plus resin composite (n = 8 for all groups and tests). Three tests were conducted to assess restorations: (A) inward cusp deflection during light curing, using DCDTs; (B) fracture strength using a ramped oblique load at 45° to the long axis in a servohydraulic testing machine in comparison with intact and unrestored teeth; (C) proximal marginal leakage using methylene blue dye and the effect of thermocycling. Data were analysed using 1-way ANOVA for cuspal deflection and fracture strength and Fisher's exact test for leakage.

Results

Laminate restorations resulted in significantly less cuspal deflection compared with resin composite (4.2 ± 1.2 μm for RM-GIC and 5.1 ± 2.3 μm for conventional GIC vs. 12.2 ± 2.6 μm for composite, P < 0.001). Fracture strength was not significantly different among all groups. Failure with all restorations was predominantly adhesive at the tooth-restoration interface. The two laminate groups showed significantly better marginal seal than composite alone, but sealing ability of conventional GIC deteriorated after thermocycling.

Conclusions

Laminate restoration of root filled teeth had beneficial effects in terms of reducing cuspal deflection and marginal seal, with acceptable fracture strength.     

根部穿孔性阑尾炎的腹腔镜治疗策略

目的:探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)治疗根部穿孔性阑尾炎的可行性,并提出根部穿孔性阑尾炎的临床分型及处理方法。方法:总结2012年9月至2016年3月收治的124例行LA的根部穿孔性阑尾炎患者的临床资料。根据阑尾根部、回盲部能否充分显露及阑尾根部距盲肠壁完整段的长度,将根部穿孔性阑尾炎分为Ⅰ型(Ⅰa型、Ⅰb型、Ⅰc型)、Ⅱ型,其处理方式为:用可吸收结扎夹对系膜缘侧双重夹闭阑尾根部、间断缝合阑尾残端周围5 mm盲肠壁、距阑尾根部10 mm处用腔内切割吻合器闭合并切割阑尾周围盲肠壁组织及中转开腹。结果:124例患者均痊愈出院,包括Ⅰa型73例、Ⅰb型30例、Ⅰc型18例(早期3例中转开腹,后期15例行LA)、Ⅱ型3例。术后病理均证实根部穿孔性阑尾炎。放置腹腔乳胶引流管的患者,术后48~72 h行腹腔B超检查证实无积液后拔除。随访3~48个月,无粘连性肠梗阻、腹腔脓肿及阑尾残端漏发生。结论:LA治疗根部穿孔性阑尾炎是可行的,必须依据临床分型进行根部处理,腔内切割吻合器处理根部穿孔性阑尾炎具有一定的临床意义。     

低出生体质量儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的影响因素及手术疗效分析

目的 探讨低出生体质量儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的影响因素、手术疗效与预后。 方法 以2006年1月至2015年12月收治的146例低出生体质量NEC患儿为病例组,另采用随机数字表法选取同期在新生儿重症监护室(NICU) 住院治疗的146例非NEC低出生体质量儿为对照组。分析两组患儿的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素分析探讨NEC的影响因素,并分析NEC患儿中手术组与保守治疗组疗效的差异。 结果 多因素logistic回归分析显示,母乳喂养与喂服益生菌为NEC的保护性因素,先天性心脏病、败血症与输血是NEC的危险因素。手术组的好转率(95.45%)明显高于保守治疗组(85.00%)(P<0.05)。 结论 低出生体质量儿NEC的发病受多种因素影响,应针对其影响因素进行综合干预。适合的手术疗法能提高疗效,改善患儿的预后。