达芬奇机器人甲状腺切除术的现状与发展

机器人甲状腺手术发展迅速，形成了多种手术方式和手术径路。其在甲状腺的领域的应用改变了甲状腺疾病传统的诊疗模式，为甲状腺外科带来了新方法和新思路。在外科领域机器人平台与人工智能的结合已经逐步成为趋势，甲状腺外科医生必须转变思维模式、接受智能技术、不断探索学习，在人工智能与机器人时代实现职业生涯的可持续发展。     

Reconstrucción de defectos orofaríngeos tras cirugía transoral robótica. Revisión y recomendaciones de la Comisión de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello

Transoral surgery of the oropharynx has seen an important evolution in recent years, expanding the surgical options available (TORS, TOUSS, TOLS). The capacity to resect increasingly extensive lesions and the number of patients who benefit from them. This fact has led to an evolution in the reconstruction of surgical defects after transoral surgery. This article aims to review the possible reconstructive techniques, indications and factors to be taken into account prior to surgery, proposing a protocol to assess the need for transoral reconstruction based on the depth of the defect, the staging, and previous treatment.     

Utilidad de la fluorescencia cercana al infrarrojo para la identificación del bronquio segmentario en segmentectomías mínimamente invasivas

Minimally invasive anatomical sublobar resections have gained relevance in recent years mainly due to advances in imaging techniques, screening programs and the increase in second neoplasms. Accurate identification of the segmental or subsegmental bronchus is vital to guarantee optimal results in segmentectomies and subsegmentectomies. Given the complexity and the possibility of anatomical variations, several authors have published different methods to identify the target bronchus. However, these methods have certain limitations. This article describes a new rapid and effective technique, with a low risk of complications and without additional cost, for the identification of segmental bronchi in minimally invasive segmentectomies.     

机器人辅助三叉神经半月节的穿刺精度研究

目的:验证自主研发的穿刺机器人辅助三叉神经半月节穿刺的精确性及可行性。方法:使用仿真头颅模型作为研究对象,橡皮泥模拟软组织,术前对模型进行锥形束CT(cone beam CT, CBCT)扫描,将影像数据导入计算机的术前设计系统,分割卵圆孔作为目标点,选取“皮肤进针点”后生成穿刺路径。将模型固定于模拟手术床的实验台,使用点配准的方式完成系统配准,发送穿刺路径数据至机器人控制器,经过医生确认穿刺路径后,在导航引导下机器人系统自动完成穿刺手术操作。穿刺完成后导航仪获取针尖即刻位置坐标,通过配准矩阵转换,计算针尖点与设计靶点的几何距离对穿刺精度进行术中验证,将穿刺针从执行器末端松解,对模型进行CBCT扫描再次获取术后图像数据,将术前、术后头颅进行图像融合,选取术后图像中针尖坐标数据,经过配准矩阵转换,计算针尖点与设计靶点的几何距离进行术后精度验证。采用IBM SPSS Statistics 20统计软件,以配对t检验方法对术中导航验证精度与术后图像融合验证精度进行统计学分析。结果:20例穿刺手术均一次成功穿过卵圆孔,术中导航验证平均穿刺误差为(0.56±0.07) mm,术后图像融合验证平均穿刺误差为(1.49±0.14) mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:机器人辅助三叉神经半月节穿刺手术高效、可靠,导航精度是影响机器人辅助穿刺手术的重要因素。     

下肢康复机器人训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能的康复作用

目的探讨下肢康复机器人训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能的康复作用。方法共60例发病6个月的脑卒中偏瘫患者随机接受常规康复训练联合减重步行训练(BWSTT组,30例)或常规康复训练联合下肢康复机器人训练(Robot组,30例),分别于训练前和训练8周时采用Fugl-Meyer下肢评价量表(FMA-LE)评价下肢运动功能、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评价平衡功能、下肢康复机器人力矩反馈系统评价下肢肌力。结果与训练前相比,两组患者训练8周时FMA-LE(P=0.000)和BBS(P=0.000)评分、步态周期中患侧髋关节(P=0.000)和膝关节(P=0.000)反馈力矩值均增加;与BWSTT组相比,训练8周时Robot组仅步态周期中患侧髋关节(P=0.000)和膝关节(P=0.000)反馈力矩值增加。结论常规康复训练联合减重步行训练和下肢康复机器人训练均可以改善脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能,下肢康复机器人训练在提高下肢肌力方面优于减重步行训练。     

Individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke can correctly match forearm positions within a single arm

Objective

Previous studies determined, using between arms position matching assessments, that at least one-half of individuals with stroke have an impaired position sense. We investigated whether individuals with chronic stroke who have impairments mirroring arm positions also have impairments identifying the location of each arm in space.

Robotics and surgery: A sustainable relationship?

Robotic surgery is increasingly being employed to overcome the disadvantages associated with use of conventional techniques such as laparoscopy. However, despite significant promise, there are some clear disadvantages and robust evidence base supporting the use of robotic assistance remains lacking. In this paper, the advantages and drivers for robotics will be discussed, its drawbacks and its future role in surgery.