妊娠期糖尿病患者综合护理干预的研究现状

随着女性生育年龄的推迟及国家二胎政策的出台,妊娠期糖尿病发病率逐年上升,如何对妊娠期糖尿病患者进行综合护理干预以减少疾病造成的危害,已成为产科医护人员的研究热点.该文针对妊娠期糖尿病患者的心理护理、运动疗法、饮食护理、血糖控制、健康教育进行综述,以期为临床医护人员提供借鉴,为患者提供更好的照护.     

Emerging therapeutic options in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that requires chronic treatment throughout the evolution of the disease, with a complex physiopathology that entails great challenges for the development of new and specific treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease. The anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy has impacted the clinical course of IBD in those patients who do not respond to conventional treatment, so there is a need to develop new therapies and markers of treatment response. Various pathways involved in the development of the disease are known and the new therapies have focused on blocking the inflammatory process at the gastrointestinal level by oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, and topical route. All these new therapies can lead to more personalized treatments with higher success rates and fewer relapses. These treatments have not only focused on clinical remission, but also on achieving macroscopic changes at the endoscopic level and microscopic changes by achieving mucosal healing. These treatments are mainly based on modifying signaling pathways, by blocking receptors or ligands, reducing cell migration and maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Therefore, this review presents the efficacy and safety of the new treatments that are currently under study and the advances that have been made in this area in recent years.     

Maisonneuve骨折中下胫腓联合损伤的诊疗进展

Maisonneuve 骨折 ( Maisonneuve fracture,MEF ) 是外旋力作用于旋前位的足,依次导致内踝骨折或三角韧带损伤、下胫腓联合损伤、胫腓骨骨间膜损伤、高位腓骨骨折伴或不伴有后踝骨折的一类特殊骨折 [1].研究表明,除 MEF 的下胫腓联合损伤外,其余踝关节骨折下胫腓联合损伤通过保守治疗可以...     

Tim-3在变应性鼻炎中的作用及机制研究进展

变应性鼻炎(AR)是一种慢性非特异性鼻黏膜炎性病变,属于Ⅰ型变态反应,是一个全球性健康问题,可导致许多疾病和劳动力丧失,给社会带来的负担也越来越重。其发病过程中所包括的免疫细胞受到了不同的基因组的调控作用。现已有研究论证T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白结构域分子-3(Tim-3)参与到免疫细胞的表达中,对很多免疫反应都有调节作用,与免疫系统疾病密切相关。目前针对变应性鼻炎的药物及治疗方法存在一定的局限性,因此找到更多有效的治疗方法刻不容缓。关于Tim-3在变应性鼻炎中的作用机制的相关研究很多,但其综述却是匮乏的,希望该文章,希望能丰富AR的免疫调控机制研究,并且为其治疗方法提供新的思路。     

军队士气理论研究综述

目的 通过对军队士气理论发展的回顾与评价,为军队的士气管理提供理论依据。方法 采用文献研究法。结果 国内外较．有影响的士气量表有3种,军队士气的主要维度包括：团体凝聚力、军事组织承诺和军事工作生活质量,士气对伤亡率、心理疾病的发生以及延长服役意愿都有较大影响。结论 国内对军队士气研究较少,需要加强对军队士气的理论和实证研究。     

Recent improvements in the management of esophageal anastomotic leak after surgery for cancer

Anastomotic leakage following total gastrectomy or esophagectomy is a significant complication that considerably increases postoperative mortality. The location of the anastomosis together with the anatomy of the esophagus explains the severity of this complication. Surgical knowledge should include general and specific predictive factors of leakage to avoid any technical-related cause of leakage.Clinical presentations may vary from minimally symptomatic to life-threatening situations. Investigations should be undertaken as soon as the diagnosis is suspected because delay greatly worsens the prognosis. CT scans with oral contrast and low insufflation early endoscopy are the preferred diagnostic tools and can also aid in therapeutic procedures.Communication and multidisciplinary teamwork are the cornerstones of treatment. When the leak occurs early with acute and important sepsis, the recommendation is surgical treatment. On the contrary, if the leak is late, non-symptomatic or minimally symptomatic, conservative management with intensive surveillance could be proposed. When the situation is in between these two extremes, endoscopic treatment is often proposed.Based on a review of the literature and experience from high volume centers, in this educational review, we present the incidence, predictive factors, clinical presentations, diagnostic tools, management, and therapeutic algorithms for anastomotic leaks following elective esophagectomy and total gastrectomy for cancer.     

中医气虚证诊断客观化研究与探讨

从生物化学和分子生物学的角度对气虚证的现代物质基础研究进行阐述,回顾近年来从气虚证临床表现入手,对气虚证诊断客观化的研究进展。并提出可借用现代化技术手段,通过望诊、闻诊、切诊对气虚证临床表现进行分析研究,以寻求更为方便、客观、准确的诊断方法。     

静息态功能磁共振局部一致性在抑郁障碍伴失眠症状患者中的研究进展

在抑郁障碍患者中,失眠是常见的伴发症状。早期有效评估抑郁障碍患者的失眠症状是预防患者睡眠问题与抑郁障碍进一步恶化的关键。目前关于睡眠评估工具的综述仅说明了主客观评估工具的效用,极少综述指出与抑郁障碍伴失眠症状相关的评估指标,也很少围绕静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)技术作为睡眠状况的客观评估工具进行阐述。因此,本文就用于抑郁障碍伴发失眠症状患者的rs-fMRI局部一致性进行阐述,并指出目前研究单相抑郁障碍(UDD)和双相抑郁障碍(BDD)患者之间在rs-fMRI局部一致性的区别,以期为临床上UDD与BDD患者的诊断、鉴别、治疗及相关研究提供理论基础和实用性参考。     

细胞过继免疫疗法治疗恶性胶质瘤研究进展

概述细胞过继免疫疗法治疗恶性胶质瘤过程中淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞、自然杀伤细胞、γδT细胞、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞、抗原特异性细胞毒性T细胞、CD4+T细胞等效应细胞的作用,以及各种效应细胞特性、优缺点,以及目前研究趋势和进展。