Predicting Renal Function Outcomes After Partial and Radical Nephrectomy

Background

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is generally favored for cT1 tumors over radical nephrectomy (RN) when technically feasible. However, it can be unclear whether the additional risks of PN are worth the magnitude of renal function benefit.

Age-related variations in gene expression patterns of renal cell carcinoma

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is known to occur across the adult lifetime traversing the spectrum of age-related organismal changes. Little is known as to how the aging process may affect the course of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the repertoire of genes involved.

腹腔镜"蘑菇状"剜除术治疗外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的临床应用

目的对比研究腹腔镜下外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤"蘑菇状"剜除与标准肾部分切除术的安全性及有效性，为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤腹腔镜下"蘑菇状"剜除术术式的建立提供临床依据。 方法选取海南医学院第二附属医院与解放军总医院2018年1月至2019年5月期间，接受腹腔镜手术的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者53例，其中25例沿肿瘤假包膜行"蘑菇状"剜除术(A组)、28例行肾部分切除术(B组)。比较两组手术患者的肾动脉阻断时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h血红蛋白、术后eGFR(estimated glomerular filtration rate,估计肾小球率过滤)的变化、术后住院时间和术后肿瘤复发率。 结果53例手术无术中转开放，无死亡病例。肾动脉阻断时间：A组(11.9±2.2)min、B组(21.5±6.5) min(P<0.001)。手术时间：A组(87.9±24.8)min、B组(114.3±38.9) min(P<0.001)。术中出血量：A组20 ml(20～40)ml、B组50 ml(50～100)ml(P<0.001)。术后24 h血红蛋白变化：A组(7.4±4.3) g/L、B组(12.4±8.8) g/L(P＝0.013)。术后24 h eGFR变化：A组(6.2±7.2 )ml(min·1.73 m²)，B组(12.7±12.8)ml(min·1.73 m²)(P＝0.027)。术后6个月eGFR变化：A组(1.5±3.7)ml(min·1.73 m²)、B组(6.5±5.6)ml(min·1.73 m²)(P<0.001)。术后住院时间：A组4.0 d(3～4)d、B组4.5 d(3～6)d(P＝0.023)。术后随访两组术后肿瘤均无复发。 结论采用腹腔镜"蘑菇状"剜除术治疗外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤在肾动脉阻断时间、术中出血量、术后24 h血红蛋白、术后eGFR变化、术后住院时间等方面均优于传统肾部分切除术，两组术后肿瘤均无复发；该方法安全、有效，适于临床推广。     

A Snapshot of the Guidelines on Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children

The main goal in the management of patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the preservation of kidney function by minimizing the risk of pyelonephritis. By defining and analyzing the risk factors for each patient depending on age, sex, grade of reflux, lower urinary tract dysfunction, anatomic abnormalities, and kidney status, it is possible to identify those patients with a potential risk of upper urinary tract infection and resulting renal scarring. This paper gives a brief overview of the European Association of Urology guidelines for the management and treatment of VUR in children. These guidelines are based on the best currently available knowledge and evidence.     

Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Established Entities from Morphology to Molecular Genetics

According to the current World Health Organization (WHO), renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) that primarily affect adults are classified into 8 major subtypes. Additional emerging entities in renal neoplasia have also been recently recognized and these are discussed in further detail by Mehra et al (Emerging Entities in Renal Neoplasia, Surgical Pathology Clinics, 2015, Volume 8, Issue 4). In most cases, the diagnosis of a RCC subtype can be based on morphologic criteria, but in some circumstances the use of ancillary studies can aid in the diagnosis. This review discusses the morphologic, genetic, and molecular findings in RCCs previously recognized by the WHO, and provides clues to distinction from each other and some of the newer subtypes of RCC. As prognosis and therapeutic options vary for the different subtypes of RCC, accurate pathologic distinction is critical for patient care.     

Analysis of early mortality and related risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To analyze the early mortality and related risk factors of new hemodialysis patients in Zhejiang province, and provide basis for reducing the death risk of hemodialysis patients. Methods The early mortality and related factors of new hemodialysis patients from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed using the database of Zhejiang province hemodialysis registration. The early mortality was defined as death within 90 days of dialysis. Cox regression model was used to analyze the related risk factors of the early mortality in hemodialysis patients. Results The mortality was the highest in the first month after dialysis (46.40/100 person year), and gradually stabilized after three months. The early mortality was 25.33/100 person year. The mortality within 120 days and 360 days were 21.40/100 person year and 11.37/100 person year, respectively. The elderly (≥65 years old, HR=1.981, 95%CI 1.319-2.977, P＜0.001), primary tumor (HR=3.308, 95%CI 1.137-5.624, P=0.028), combined with tumors (not including the primary tumor, HR=2.327, 95%CI 1.200-4.513, P=0.012), temporary catheter (the initial dialysis pathway, HR=3.632, 95%CI 1.806-7.307, P＜0.001), lower albumin (＜30 g/L, HR=2.181, 95%CI 1.459-3.260, P＜0.001), lower hemoglobin (every 0.01 g/L increase, HR=0.861, 95%CI 0.793-0.935, P=0.001), lower high density lipoprotein (＜0.7 mmol/L, HR=1.796, 95%CI 1.068-3.019, P=0.027) and higher C reactive protein (≥40 mg/L, HR=1.889, 95%CI 1.185-3.012, P=0.008) were the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients. Conclusions The early mortality of hemodialysis patients is high after dialysis, and gradually stable after 3 months. The elderly, primary tumor, combined with tumors, the initial dialysis pathway, lower albumin, lower hemoglobin, lower high density lipoprotein and higher C reactive protein are the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients.     

Refractory Ascites After Liver Transplantation: An Analysis of 1058 Liver Transplant Patients at a Single Center

A retrospective study of 1058 liver transplant recipients was performed to determine: (i) the incidence, etiology, timing, clinical features and treatment of refractory ascites (RA), (ii) risk factors for RA development, (iii) predictors of RA disappearance, (iv) predictors of survival following RA and (v) the impact of RA on patient survival. Sixty-two patients (5.9%) developed RA and its disappearance occurred in 27/62 cases. Patients having hepatitis C virus (HCV) had a significantly higher hazard rate of developing RA (p < 0.00001). No other baseline characteristic was associated with RA. Cox stepwise regression analysis of the hazard rate of RA disappearance found two significant factors: HCV recurrence as the reason for developing RA implied a poorer outcome (p = 0.006), whereas an unknown reason implied a favorable outcome (p = 0.02). In addition, survival following RA was significantly poorer among patients having bacterial peritonitis or HCV recurrence. Finally, the mortality rate was significantly (nearly 8.6 times) higher in patients following RA development while it was ongoing (p < 0.00001); however, if the RA disappeared, then the additional risk of death also disappeared. This study illustrates the importance of developing an optimal treatment strategy to (i) effectively treat RA if it develops and (ii) prevent hepatitis C recurrence.     

The Current Role of Calcineurin Inhibitors in Posttransplant Immunosuppression?

It is important to determine when to use and when to avoid calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). CNIs are associated with kidney dysfunction in some, but not all, transplant recipients. CNI-sparing protocols have their own drug-specific limitations. Two major clinical series suggest the benefit of routine CNI-sparing approaches, but our review suggests weaknesses in both. Ongoing studies are needed to determine which subgroups of recipients will benefit from CNIs.     

多巴胺或多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素对肝移植术中患者血液动力学、氧代谢及肾功能的影响

目的评价原位肝脏移植术(OLT)中持续输注多巴胺或多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素对血液动力学、组织氧代谢和肾功能的影响。方法拟行OLT的患者30例,ASAⅢ或Ⅳ级,随机分为2组 (n=15)。A组:术中持续输注多巴胺,初始输注速率为1-3μg·kg-1·min-1;B组:术中持续输注多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素,初始输注速率分别为1-3μg·kg-1·min-1和0．03μg·kg-1·min-1,多巴胺输注速率不超过5μg·kg-1·min-1;术中两组均调节输注速率维持MAP 60-80 mm Hg。分别于切皮前即刻、切肝期1 h、无肝期1 h、新肝期1h和术毕测定血液动力学、组织代谢和肾功能指标。结果两组HR、 MAP均维持较平稳。无肝期两组CVP、MPAP、PAWP、CO、CI、DO2、VO2降低(P<0．05);SVR和SVRI升高(P<0．05),但均在正常范围内。术中PVR、PVRI、pH及SvO2均较平稳。乳酸浓度增高并持续到术毕。两组术中Cr和BUN均在正常范围,B组总尿量高于A组(P相似文献