混合型生物人工肝治疗设备的研制

目的:结合临床应用需求,研制一种新式混合型生物人工肝治疗应用系统。方法:以2个可编程控制器(PLC)作为控制系统核心,辅以多种安全监测报警装置,具有密闭、洁净和恒温的生物反应治疗环境,为离线混合型生物人工肝治疗提供一体化集成解决方案。结果:该设备能实现对血液流量、流速、质量等参数的精确控制,并提供温度、气泡、漏血等参数的报警监测功能。控制系统操作简便,人机界面友好,并为封闭式生物反应离线治疗过程提供实时影像监控。结论:新型治疗设备实现了混合式生物反应人工肝的离线治疗,有效缩短了生物人工肝治疗时间,同时改善了生物治疗环境。     

Effect of blending tricalcium phosphate on hydrolytic degradation of a block polyester containing poly(L-lactic acid) segment

The effect of blending tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on hydrolytic degradation of a new type of poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(ethylene;hexamethylene/ sebacate) block polyester (60 : 40 wt%) was studied. 100- and 250-μm film specimens blended with 0, 10, and 30 wt% TCP were immersed in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 37°C for up to 80-104 weeks. At appropriate intervals, water absorption, dry and wet tensile strength, molecular weight, and thermal properties of the specimens were measured by weighing, tensile strength testing, size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Some samples were characterized by H NMR spectroscopy. Blending of TCP with the block polyester was effective in retarding degradation. The blended TCP was thought to retard degradation for the most part by neutralizing the lactic acid oligomers produced by hydrolysis of the poly(lactic acid) part during the initial stage of degradation.     

星点设计-效应面法优化鹿角灵芝微乳超声提取工艺

目的 探讨以微乳超声法同时提取鹿角灵芝中灵芝酸和灵芝多糖的最佳条件。方法 采用星点设计-效应面法,以物料溶剂比(X₁)、超声提取时间(X₂)和超声功率(X₃)作为考察因素,以灵芝酸A、灵芝酸C₂、灵芝多糖含量和提取物得率为考察指标,并对考察因素和考察指标总评归一值进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,以效应面优选最佳的微乳超声提取工艺,并做验证试验。结果 微乳超声提取鹿角灵芝的最佳条件为物料溶剂比1∶18、超声提取时间59 min、超声功率513 W,此条件下灵芝酸A、灵芝酸C₂、灵芝多糖含量和提取物得率分别为0.647 8,0.108 5,11.20 mg·g^-1和34.28%。结论 微乳超声可同时提取鹿角灵芝中脂溶性和水溶性成分,并且节能、省时、操作简便,为工业化提取鹿角灵芝提供了新途径。     

星点设计-效应面法优化阿昔洛韦口腔贴片处方

摘 要 目的： 星点设计 效应面法优化阿昔洛韦口腔贴片处方。方法: 以羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC) K4M和卡波姆974P NF的用量为因素,以阿昔洛韦在1 h,5 h和12 h的释放度和黏附力为指标,用多元线性方程、双因素模型和二次多项式模型分别描述各指标与因素的关系,根据较优数学模型绘制效应面图;各指标效应面二维等高线图的重叠部分,即为最佳处方区域,选择最佳处方,并进行预测分析。结果: 二次多项式模型拟合的相关系数和可信度较高。最佳处方各指标的实测值在预期范围内。结论: 星点设计 效应面优化法可以较好地用于阿昔洛韦口腔贴片处方的优化。     

Composite hemangioendothelioma of the spleen with multiple metastases: CT findings and review of the literature

Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a rare vascular neoplasm of intermediate malignant potential. Only 52 cases have been reported in the English literature, and one case previously reported occurred in the spleen. The purpose of our study was to report a 65-year-old man diagnosed as CHE primary arising from the spleen with multiple metastases.Clinical and imaging features, laboratory tests, and pathological results about CHE were described in detail in this study.The patient presented with multiple lesions in bilateral lungs and spleen that had been incidentally detected by computed tomography (CT). Except for thrombocytopenia, other laboratory tests were not significant. The CT scan of the abdomen revealed multiple round-like and irregularly mixed density masses with unclear borders in enlarged spleen. And contrast enhancement showed mild heterogeneous enhancement. CT scan also showed widespread liver, ribs, lungs, and vertebral bodies metastases. This diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient underwent splenectomy and still survives with tumors after six months followed-up.Due to the lack of specificity of clinical features and laboratory tests, it is necessary to combine imaging features and pathological findings to make a correct diagnosis.     

Power and sample size calculations for the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test in the presence of death‐censored observations

We consider a clinical trial of a potentially lethal disease in which patients are randomly assigned to two treatment groups and are followed for a fixed period of time; a continuous endpoint is measured at the end of follow‐up. For some patients; however, death (or severe disease progression) may preclude measurement of the endpoint. A statistical analysis that includes only patients with endpoint measurements may be biased. An alternative analysis includes all randomized patients, with rank scores assigned to the patients who are available for the endpoint measurement on the basis of the magnitude of their responses and with ‘worst‐rank’ scores assigned to those patients whose death precluded the measurement of the continuous endpoint. The worst‐rank scores are worse than all observed rank scores. The treatment effect is then evaluated using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. In this paper, we derive closed‐form formulae for the power and sample size of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test when missing measurements of the continuous endpoints because of death are replaced by worst‐rank scores. We distinguish two approaches for assigning the worst‐rank scores. In the tied worst‐rank approach, all deaths are weighted equally, and the worst‐rank scores are set to a single value that is worse than all measured responses. In the untied worst‐rank approach, the worst‐rank scores further rank patients according to their time of death, so that an earlier death is considered worse than a later death, which in turn is worse than all measured responses. In addition, we propose four methods for the implementation of the sample size formulae for a trial with expected early death. We conduct Monte Carlo simulation studies to evaluate the accuracy of our power and sample size formulae and to compare the four sample size estimation methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing Diabetes Care Disparities with Ambulatory Care Quality Measures

ObjectiveTo identify and describe racial/ethnic disparities in overall diabetes management.ConclusionsAlthough this health system has above-average diabetes care quality, significant disparities by race/ethnicity were identified. This underscores the importance of stratifying quality measures to improve care and outcomes for all.     

Determination of furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural from baby formula using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and method optimization by response surface methodology

A simple, rapid and efficient method was developed using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for extraction and determination of furfural (F) and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in baby formula. The effects of different variables on the extraction efficiency such as the volume of extraction and disperser solvents, pH and salt effect were studied and optimized simultaneously using (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Under optimum conditions, a mixture of ethanol (disperser solvent) and 1-octanol (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected in to the sample solution (after adding 2 g salt and adjusting pH to 6.5). Limit of detection for F and HMF were 0.7 and 1.8 ng g⁻¹, respectively. The inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD%) were 4.9 for HMF and 3.9 for F and also inter-day RSD% were in the range of 5.2–8%. The results showed that DLLME-HPLC is a very fast, simple, sensitive and accurate analytical method for the determination of F and HMF in baby formulas. Finally, The ability of the proposed method to determine F and HMF in different baby formulas in Iran was studied and suitable result was obtained.     

Central composite design of pressurised hot water extraction process for extracting capsaicinoids from chili peppers

Pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) was applied to chilies in order to optimise extraction yield of capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, nonivamide). Determination of the optimum extraction procedure was performed by comparison of the yield of the extracts. Capsaicinoids content was determined by HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry. An optimisation study was performed using water as an extraction solvent at constant extraction pressure (20 MPa), extraction temperature ranging from 120 to 240 °C and static extraction time ranging from 5 to 60 min as independent variables. The optimum PHWE conditions for all response variables were estimated; however, PHWE conditions resulting in the highest recovery of capsaicinoids (20 MPa, 200 °C and 10 + 20 min of static extraction time) were chosen for comparison with a conventional Soxhlet extraction (SOX) in the case of seven chili pepper fruit samples (chili peppers of species Capsicum chinenses: Trinidad Scorpion Moruga, Jamaican Hot Red, and Yellow Habanero, chilies of species Capsicum annuum: Yellow Bedder, Ring of Fire, and Chiltepin, chili pepper Tabasco of species Capsicum frutescens) and three chili spices (ground spices from Trinidad Scorpion Moruga, Bhut Jolokia, and Fatalii Red, all of species Capsicum chinenses).