离体下颌前磨牙预备状况与贴面抗折性的关系

目的:旨在比较下颌前磨牙牙体预备和不预备后制备全瓷贴面和复合树脂贴面的抗折力。方法:40个新鲜离体下颌前磨牙随机分为4组(n=10):NPR组(牙体不预备直接0.2 mm厚树脂贴面修复);NPC组(牙体不预备直接0.2 mm厚铸瓷贴面修复);P2C组(牙体预备0.2 mm,修复0.2 mm厚铸瓷贴面);P5C组(牙体预备0.5 mm,修复0.5 mm厚铸瓷贴面),预备面均包绕颊侧延伸颌面1 mm。所有试件常规粘接后进行冷热循环实验(10000次/5~55℃),在万能材料试验机下进行抗折测试(2 KN,0.5 mm/min),断裂面放大10倍分析,数据方差检验。结果:各组抗折力均值分别为:NPR=(690.33±233),NPC=(790.52±408),P2C=(1131.34±341),P5C=(983.56±202)。所有组均有统计学差异(P<0.05),NPR、NPC组抗折力均小于P2C,然后P5C组抗折力与其余各组差距不明显。断裂分析显示断裂面呈现混合断裂(60%),内聚断裂(20%),根裂(15%),粘接断裂(5%)。结论:微量(0.2 mm)的前磨牙牙体预备后修复全瓷贴面可获得最大抗折力,当预备超过0.5 mm时可能会发生牙体折裂。     

星点设计-效应面法优化白鲜皮多糖硫酸酯化工艺及抗氧化活性

目的 利用星点设计-效应面法优化白鲜皮多糖（Dictamnus dasycarpus polysaccharide,DDP）硫酸酯化工艺,考察DDP修饰前后结构特征及抗氧化活性。方法 采用氯磺酸-吡啶法,以酯化试剂比例、酯化试剂与多糖溶液比例、反应温度、反应时间为自变量,硫酸根取代度（degree of substitution,DS）为因变量,对自变量各水平进行多元回归拟合,利用效应面法筛选最佳工艺并进行预测分析;采用红外光谱及扫描电镜观察其结构特点。测定硫酸酯化白鲜皮多糖（sulfated polysaccharides from Dictamnus dasycarpus,SDDP）对DPPH、OH·、O₂^-·清除能力,考察其抗氧化活性。结果 最佳工艺条件为酯化试剂比例1：4,酯化试剂与多糖溶液比例1：1,反应温度73℃,反应时间5 h。红外光谱显示SDDP在820 cm^-1和1 254 cm^-1附近出现C-O-S和S=O硫酸基特征吸收峰,表明DDP修饰成功;扫描电镜显示SDDP表面粗糙,排列紧密,且块状体积明显小于DDP;DDP和SDDP都有清除DPPH、OH·和O₂^-·能力,且SDDP对DPPH、OH·和O₂^-·清除率强于DDP。结论 星点设计-效应面法优化DDP硫酸酯化工艺方法简便且预测性良好,DDP经硫酸酯化后,抗氧化活性有所提高。     

基于QbD理念的肿节风分散片制备工艺的优化

基于质量源于设计(QbD)理念,应用鱼骨图、失效模型与影响分析模型筛选了可能影响分散片质量的风险因素。继而采用Plackett-Burman设计,以片剂的分散均匀性(崩解时间)、花斑率及颗粒成型性为评价指标筛选有显著性影响的处方因素,再运用中心点复合设计-响应面法优化肿节风分散片的处方配比,建立工艺设计空间并进行验证。结果显示,崩解剂用量、润滑剂用量及黏合剂用量因素是影响试验结果的3个关键处方因素,所得优化处方为:崩解剂(交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)用量占处方量15.5%,润滑剂(硬脂酸镁)占处方量的0.4%,黏合剂(85%乙醇)用量为干浸膏粉2.5倍量,按此处方制备肿节风分散片,崩解时间小于45 s,花斑率低于10%。本试验表明,基于QbD理念对肿节风分散片的处方进行优化是可行的,设计空间范围内制备的分散片符合要求且外观较好,可为其大生产提供参考。     

Anti‐HLA sensitization in extensively burned patients: extent,associated factors,and reduction in potential access to vascularized composite allotransplantation

Extensively burned patients receive iterative blood transfusions and skin allografts that often lead to HLA sensitization, and potentially impede access to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). In this retrospective, single‐center study, anti‐HLA sensitization was measured by single‐antigen‐flow bead analysis in patients with deep, second‐ and third‐degree burns over ≥40% total body surface area (TBSA). Association of HLA sensitization with blood transfusions, skin allografts, and pregnancies was analyzed by bivariate analysis. The eligibility for transplantation was assessed using calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRA). Twenty‐nine patients aged 32 ± 14 years, including 11 women, presented with a mean burned TBSA of 54 ± 11%. Fifteen patients received skin allografts, comprising those who received cryopreserved (n = 3) or glycerol‐preserved (n = 7) allografts, or both (n = 5). An average 36 ± 13 packed red blood cell (PRBC) units were transfused per patient. In sera samples collected 38 ± 13 months after the burns, all patients except one presented with anti‐HLA antibodies, of which 13 patients (45%) had complement‐fixing antibodies. Eighteen patients (62%) were considered highly sensitized (cPRA≥85%). Cryopreserved, but not glycerol‐preserved skin allografts, history of pregnancy, and number of PRBC units were associated with HLA sensitization. Extensively burned patients may become highly HLA sensitized during acute care and hence not qualify for VCA. Alternatives to skin allografts might help preserve their later access to VCA.     

Tacrolimus to Belatacept Conversion Following Hand Transplantation: A Case Report

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a viable limb replacement strategy for selected patients with upper limb amputation. However, allograft rejection has been seen in essentially all reported VCA recipients indicating a requirement for substantial immunosuppressive therapy. Calcineurin inhibitors have served as the centerpiece agent in all reported cases, and CNI‐associated complications associated with the broad therapeutic effects and side effects of calcineurin inhibitors have been similarly common. Recently, belatacept has been approved as a calcineurin inhibitor replacement in kidney transplantation, but to date, its use in VCA has not been reported. Herein, we report on the case of a hand transplant recipient who developed recurrent acute rejection with alloantibody formation and concomitant calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, all of which resolved upon conversion from a maintenance regimen of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids to belatacept and sirolimus. This case indicates that belatacept may be a reasonable maintenance immunosuppressive alternative for use in VCA, providing sufficient prophylaxis from rejection with a reduced side effect profile, the latter being particularly relevant for nonlife threatening conditions typically treated by VCA.     

不同制备条件对EH复合型骨水泥抗弯强度的影响

目的 探讨不同制备条件对EH 复合型骨水泥抗弯强度的影响.方法 分别选择EH 复合型骨水泥的不同粉/液比、不锈钢模具内充填后使用/未使用冲压器固定、试样加热/不加热3 种不同条件制备试样,随后进行抗弯强度测试.结果 不同的粉/液比中,6/4 和10/7 两组间的抗弯强度差异无统计学意义(P=0.05),其余组别之间有显著差异(P<0.05);使用/未使用冲压器试样(粉/液比:10/7)两组抗弯强度值之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);使用/未使用热处理试样(粉/液比10/7, 使用冲压器)抗弯强度, 两组数据间没有显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 当粉/液比为10/7、且使用冲压器固定条件下制备的EH 复合型骨水泥试样,其抗弯强度可达到最大;对试样进行热处理,抗弯强度的变化不显著.     

Comparative study of the shear bond strength of various veneering materials on grade II commercially pure titanium

PURPOSE

To compare the shear bond strength of various veneering materials to grade II commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty specimens of CP-Ti disc with 9 mm diameter and 10 mm height were divided into three experimental groups. Each group was bonded to heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 199), porcelain (Triceram), and indirect composite (Sinfony) with 7 mm diameter and 2 mm height. For the control group (n=10), Lucitone 199 were applied on type IV gold alloy castings. All samples were thermocycled for 5000 cycles in 5-55℃ water. The maximum shear bond strength (MPa) was measured with a Universal Testing Machine. After the shear bond strength test, the failure mode was assessed with an optic microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was carried out with a Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test.

RESULTS

The mean shear bond strength and standard deviations for experimental groups were as follows: Ti-Lucitone 199 (12.11 ± 4.44 MPa); Ti-Triceram (11.09 ± 1.66 MPa); Ti-Sinfony (4.32 ± 0.64 MPa). All of these experimental groups showed lower shear bond strength than the control group (16.14 ± 1.89 MPa). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the Ti-Lucitone 199 group and the control group, and the Ti-Lucitone 199 group and the Ti-Triceram group. Most of the failure patterns in all experimental groups were adhesive failures.

CONCLUSION

The shear bond strength of veneering materials such as heat-polymerized acrylic resin, porcelain, and indirect composite to CP-Ti was compatible to that of heatpolymerized acrylic resin to cast gold alloy.     

Endodontic complications in teeth with vital pulps restored with composite resins: a systematic review

Composite resin is used extensively for restoration of teeth with vital pulps. Although cell culture studies have disclosed harmful effects on pulpal cells, any untoward clinical effects, manifest as adverse pulpal responses, have yet to be determined. This study comprises a systematic review, designed to address the question of whether the risk of endodontic complications is greater with composite resin restorations than with other restorative materials, such as amalgam. The study methodology involved (i) formulation of the research question, (ii) construction and conduct of an extensive literature search with (iii) interpretation and assessment of the retrieved literature. A search of the medical database PubMed was complemented with a search of the Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL). The initial search yielded 1043 publications, the abstracts of which were read independently by the authors. After additional searches, 10 studies were included in the review. In all the included studies, the level of evidence was assessed as low. No conclusions could therefore be drawn. The included studies reported few, if any, endodontic complications. Little or no differences emerged between teeth restored with composite resins and those restored with amalgam. To determine whether composite resin restorations of teeth with vital pulps are associated with an increased risk for development of endodontic complications such as apical periodontitis, further evidence is needed, from well‐constructed studies with a large number of participants.     

Embedded NiTi Wires for Improved Dynamic Thermomechanical Performance of Silicone Elastomers

The extraordinary properties of shape memory NiTi alloy are combined with the inherent viscoelastic behavior of a silicon elastomer. NiTi wires are incorporated in a silicon elastomer matrix. Benefits include features as electrical/thermal conductivity, reinforcement along with enhanced damping performance and flexibility. To gain more insight of this composite, a comprehensive dynamic thermomechanical analysis is performed and the temperature- as well as frequency-dependent storage modulus and the mechanical loss factor are obtained. The analyses are realized for the composite and single components. Moreover, the models to express the examined properties and their temperature along with the frequency dependencies are also presented.