基于CAN的通讯适配器的开发

CAN总线上的节点是网络上的信息接收和发送站,本文介绍CAN总线系统智能结点接口电路的设计;CAN接口电路软件的设计,解决传统的RS232接口设备向CAN接口转换的问题。     

Fourier Transform-Raman Spectroscopy for the Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Sulfasalazine-Containing Polymeric Microspheres

FT-Raman spectroscopy (FTRS) has been used to characterize microspheres produced from the pharmaceutical polymer Eudragit RS containing a range of concentrations of the drug sulfasalazine. While pure sulfasalazine produced an intense and complex Raman spectrum, the spectrum of drug-free Eudragit RS microspheres was considerably weaker in intensity and contained only a few prominent Raman scattering peaks. In spectra of the drug–polymer micro-spheres, peaks arising from the individual components could be identified. This enabled a quantitative analysis to be undertaken by calculating the ratio between the area of a sulfasalazine peak and the area of a Eudragit RS peak for each microsphere spectrum. A correlation was shown between the peak area ratio and the microsphere sulfasalazine content. FTRS was then applied to a series of microsphere samples which had been dissoluted into pH 7 buffer for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 hr. For each spectrum, the drug-polymer peak area ratio was determined and this in turn enabled calculation of the residual drug content of the microsphere sample. FTRS-calculated data showed good agreement with microsphere drug content values determined spectrophotometrically.     

Case Report of Multiple Bilobar Hepatic Arterio-Portal Fistulas Post–Liver Transplantation Managed Conservatively

Multiple intrahepatic arterio-portal fistulas are rare. The majority are isolated and occur secondary to liver trauma including iatrogenic interventions such as liver biopsy. Post–liver transplantation 18 cases have been reported, all secondary to an interventional radiological procedure. We report multiple bi-lobar arterio-portal fistulas in a liver transplant recipient recognized 1 year after transplantation. The donor died due to intracerebral bleeding following blunt head and abdominal trauma. In the present case, the etiology is not very clear. The patient was managed conservatively and to date has not required intervention.     

VDD Pacing with a Previously Implanted Single Lead System

Three patients who had undergone implantation of a rate modulated, afrial sensitive RS4 pacemaker, with a single orthogonal lead underwent replacement of a depleted unit with a DDD pulse generator, reusing the original lead with an adapter that allowed conversion of the bipolar atrial electrode into unipolar configuration. The mean atrial electrogram amplitude was 1,8 mV and no significant atrial sensing defects were found during Holler monitoring. As the RS4 pulse generator is no longer available, continued VDD pacing is possible by replacing it with a DDD pulse generator using the previously implanted single lead system.     

Mechanistic immunological based classification of rheumatoid arthritis

The classical autoimmunity paradigm in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is strongly supported by immunogenetics suggesting follicular helper T-cell responses driving high titre specific autoantibodies that pre-dates disease onset. Using the immunological disease continuum model of inflammation against self with “pure” adaptive and innate immune disease at opposite boundaries, we propose a novel immune mechanistic classification describing the heterogeneity within RA. Mutations or SNPs in autoinflammatory genes including MEFV and NOD2 are linked to seronegative RA phenotypes including some so called palindromic RA cases. However, just as innate and adaptive immunity are closely functionally integrated, some ACPA+ RA cases have superimposed “autoinflammatory” features including abrupt onset attacks, severe attacks, self-limiting attacks, relevant autoinflammatory mutations or SNPs and therapeutic responses to autoinflammatory pathway therapies including colchicine and IL-1 pathway blockade. An emergent feature from this classification that non-destructive RA phenotypes, both innate and adaptive, have disease epicentres situated in the extracapsular tissues. This mixed innate and adaptive immunopathogenesis may be the key to understanding severe disease flares, resistant disease subsets that are unresponsive to standard therapy and for therapies that target the autoinflammatory component of disease that are not currently considered by expert therapeutic recommendations.     

Stage-specific incidence and survival of breast cancer in Norway: The implications of changes in coding and classification practice

To describe the association between coding and classification practices and observed stage-specific incidence and survival trends in Norway over time.We identified all women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the period between 1980 and 2015. Changes in the coding and classification of breast cancer in the study period were described, and stage-specific incidence rates and relative survival were calculated.A total of 90 362 women were diagnosed with primary breast cancer, stage I–IV, or unknown stage, in the study period. Stage-specific incidence was significantly influenced by changes in coding practice, classification systems and the implementation of the screening program. These changes have mostly affected the proportion of stage I and “unknown”, but also stages II, III and IV. The proportion of stage I showed a clear increase during the implementation period of the national screening program, and was most pronounced within the age group 50–69. Stage-specific trends for relative survival were less influenced by changes in coding and classification of stage.Our study showed that the stage-specific incidence trends in Norway were influenced by changes in the coding and classification practice. These findings should be taken into consideration in future research and evaluation related to stage-specific trends and stage migration of breast cancer in Norway.     

苦黄缓释微丸的制备及其质量考察

目的:考察苦黄缓释微丸的制备及其质量指标。方法:利用流化床包衣设备,采用薄膜包衣法制备苦黄缓释微丸,以总蒽醌为指标性成分,测定缓释微丸的释放度,并考察了包衣处方工艺因素对药物释放的影响。结果:流化床薄膜包衣法成功制备了苦黄缓释微丸,其Eudragit RS 30D与Eudragit RL 30D的用量比例为1∶0时,包衣增重为14%;累积释放百分率2h26%,6h70%,12h90%。结论:水性薄膜包衣技术制备苦黄缓释微丸,具有良好的体外缓释行为。