Factors associated to repeated influenza vaccination in the Portuguese adults with chronic conditions

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to people with chronic conditions. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of chronically ill adults vaccinated against influenza in consecutive seasons and to identify associated factors.We used data from the first National Health Examination Survey (INSEF), a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 on a probabilistic sample of individuals aged 25–74 years. The population was restricted to individuals who self-reported diabetes, a respiratory, cardiovascular, liver or kidney disease. Self-reported vaccination in 4 consecutive seasons was categorized in 3 levels: unvaccinated, occasionally (vaccinated 1–3 seasons) and repeatedly vaccinated (in all 4 seasons). A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate odds-ratio (OR) of influenza vaccination according to sociodemographic factors, chronic condition, health care use and status.In the target population, the 2014/15 influenza vaccine coverage was 33.8% (95% CI: 29.8–38.1). The higher coverage was found in individuals reporting renal disease (66.7%) and diabetes (43.8%). The coverage decreased to 32.6%, 26.0% and 20.8% for individuals with respiratory, cardiovascular and liver diseases, respectively. The probability of being repeatedly vaccinated, compared to unvaccinated, was higher in males (OR = 2.14: 95% CI: 1.31–3.52); aged 65 and 74 (OR = 4.39; 95% CI: 1.99–9.69); whom had an appointment with a general practitioner (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.00–7.66) or other physician (OR = 3.95: 95% CI: 2.53–6.16); with no smoking habits (OR = 1.58; 95% I: 1.02–2.46) and reporting diabetes (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.02–4.45). Finally, having a self-reported cardiovascular condition decreased the likelihood of being occasionally (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.22–0.65) vaccinated against influenza.Younger individuals, females and the ones with a self-reported cardiovascular condition were identified as more likely of non-compliance to the vaccine uptake recommendation. Future vaccination strategies should focus on the previous identified population subgroups. Also, the medical recommendation of the influenza vaccine uptake should continue and be reinforced particularly in individuals with a cardiovascular condition.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Growth of the hip jo Int: A Radiological Study

Growth of the hip joint is described on the basis of annual radiographs taken of the intact hip joints of 50 boys aged between 5–15 years. the ossification centre of the femoral head grows at a faster rate in breadth than in height. the growth rate in breadth of the bony centrum exceeds also that of the proximal metaphysis and, accordingly, in the case of normal ossification, the radio-anatomical condition of these two parts is characteristic of the age of the individual. the osseous acetabulum also grows at a faster rate in breadth than in depth. in the period studied up until the 15th year the width of the “articular space” gradually decreases. the ossification rate in the age group examined manifests—with slower and faster periods—a gradually declining tendency. the changes revealed by the radiographs have been interpreted from the viewpoint of bone development and an analysis is also given of the spatial conditions of ossification.     

人芽囊原虫在不同培养基中生长状况的观察

目的筛选培养人芽囊原虫的最适培养基。方法将同一株人芽囊原虫阳性粪便标本以2×105细胞/管接种至RPMI1640、199和LES培养基中,加入20%小牛血清及青、链霉素,pH值为7.5,放置厌氧罐中于37℃恒温培养,每24h计数,每6d转种1次。观察人芽囊原虫在3种培养基中的存活时间、虫体密度和虫体形态。结果人芽囊原虫在RPMI1640培养基中存活时间最长、虫体密度最高,虫体以空泡型多见;在LES培养基中存活时间最短、虫体密度最低,但虫体形态清晰、规则;在199培养基中存活时间和虫体密度均介于前两者之间。结论RPMI1640培养基适宜人芽囊原虫的生长繁殖,为人芽囊原虫体外培养的首选培养基;LES培养基中虫体形态清晰、规则,可用于人芽囊原虫的形态学研究;199培养基也可用于人芽囊原虫的体外培养,但不作为首选。     

天然高分子白及溶胶的制备及质量控制

目的制备高分子白及溶胶,制定质量控制方法。方法用水提醇沉法提取,0.1%活性炭脱色,所得多糖干燥、粉碎、加纯化水制备成溶胶;从性状、鉴别、含量测定方面控制质量。结果所制得白及溶胶为浅棕色半流动状,质地均匀,细腻,具有粘性,鉴别呈正反应,溶胶中含白及多糖为4.0%(±5),含量测定多糖在1.88~33.75μg.m L-1范围内线性关系良好,y=0.034X-0.0069(r=0.9998),回收率为98.6%,RSD=1.12%(n=9)。结论该方法制备的白及溶胶均匀、细腻,质量可控。     

延续护理对消化性溃疡患者自我监控情况及心理状况的影响

目的 探讨延续护理对消化性溃疡患者自我监控能力和心理状况的影响.方法 选择消化性溃疡患者94例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组48例和对照组46例,试验组采用延续护理随访模式,对照组实施常规出院指导,比较两组患者入院时及出院后6个月患者自我监控疾病情况及心理状况,出院后6个月分别记录患者溃疡愈合情况及幽门螺杆菌感染阳性发生率.结果 出院后6个月试验组患者自我监控各项指标较对照组明显提高x2=10.788,复发率较对照组减少;患者抑郁、焦虑情绪较对照组明显改善,t=-4.313、-6.929;试验组患者消化性溃疡愈合及幽门螺杆菌感染阳性率较对照组Z=-2.066、-2.108.结论 延续护理有利于提高消化性溃疡出院患者自我监控能力,同时改善患者的心理状况.     

均匀设计优选金茵清热口服液半仿生提取的工艺条件

目的:优选金茵清热口服液半仿生提取的工艺条件。方法:采用均匀设计,以绿原酸得率,栀子苷得率,总酚酸得率和干浸膏收率为指标进行综合评价,优选金茵清热口服液半仿生提取的工艺条件。结果:优选的三煎用水pH依次为A=2.89,B=6.50,C=8.43;煎煮总时间D=2.0 h。结论:结合生产实际,确定3煎用水的pH依次为3.0,6.5,8.5;煎煮时间依次为1.0,0.5,0.5 h。     

木蝴蝶含片的研制

摘 要 目的： 制备木蝴蝶含片。方法: 以木蝴蝶提取物为主药,采用湿法制粒压片法,在单因素考察基础上,以含片外观、口感、崩解时限、硬度为指标,通过正交设计试验对处方进行优化筛选,确定含片的制备处方。以平均重量差异和平均崩解时间为指标,对按照优化的处方工艺制备的3批含片进行质量检查。结果: 优选的处方为：甘露醇50%,甜味剂为蔗糖-甜菊糖苷（100∶1）5%,清凉剂为天然薄荷油5%,粘合剂为聚维酮-K30（PVP-K30）-85%乙醇（6∶10）35%。以筛选的处方工艺制备的3批含片平均重量差异为 (1.83±0.29) %,平均崩解时间为（14.7±0.6）min,均符合药典质控要求。结论: 木蝴蝶含片制备工艺稳定,重复性良好。     

左旋多巴微囊漂浮片的处方优选

摘 要 目的： 优选左旋多巴微囊漂浮片的处方。方法: 高效液相色谱法测定左旋多巴与苄丝肼的含量,以漂浮片释放度得分为指标,采用正交试验优选左旋多巴微囊漂浮片的处方,并对其体外释药特性进行评价。结果: 建立的测定左旋多巴胃内漂浮片中左旋多巴与苄丝肼含量的高效液相色谱法,符合方法学要求。优化的微囊漂浮片处方组成为硬脂酸：主药：丙烯酸树脂：HPMC=2∶5∶2∶1,平均片重为550 mg。验证试验结果表明该微囊漂浮片具有漂浮、缓释、可分剂量使用等特性。结论: 优选出的复方左旋多巴微囊漂浮片处方合理,生产工艺稳定、可行。     

自编军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表的信度与效度检验

目的编制军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表,检验其信度与效度,为更好地了解军事应激环境下执行特殊任务官兵的心理健康状况提供较为科学的工具。方法随机抽取经常执行特殊军事任务的官兵568人,分为A组(n=217)、B组(n=351),用自编军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表分别对2组进行测试,用A组数据对其进行探索性因素分析,用B组数据进行信度分析和验证性因素分析。结果此量表包括3个分量表:自我认知、应对方式、压力反应,其因素负荷分别为0.39~0.85、0.40~0.76、0.45~0.94,方差解释率均大于40.0%;信度分析结果显示,自我认知、应对方式、压力反应内部一致性系数分别为0.79~0.93、为0.83~0.86、0.91~0.94,分半信度系数分别为0.75~0.88、0.79~0.84、0.82~0.91;验证性因素分析结果表明,3个分量表的拟合程度较高,拟合指标的χ2值与自由度df的比值均介于2~3之间,近似误差均方根MSREA均0.08,拟合结果可以接受,说明该量表的结构效度较好。结论自编的军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表有良好的信度和效度,可在特殊任务部队推广使用。