强力稀化粘素治疗稳定期支气管扩张症的疗效观察

目的 观察强力稀化粘素对稳定期支气管扩张症的疗效.方法 对35例稳定期支气管扩张患者,强力稀化粘素300 mg每日3次口服治疗,疗程6个月.观察并记录支扩急性加重的频率、临床表现并与治疗前6个月进行比较.结果 35例患者完成了6个月的治疗和随访.6个月来患者的平均恶化次数从治疗前4.2次减少到1.3次;痰量从治疗前的平均0.066 L/d减少至0.034 L/d.结论 长期强力稀化粘素治疗能减少支扩恶化次数,改善临床症状.     

Validation of Automatic Wheeze Detection in Patients with Obstructed Airways and in Healthy Subjects

Computerized lung-sound analysis is a sensitive and quantitative method to identify wheezing by its typical pattern on spectral analysis. We evaluated the accuracy of the VRI, a multi-sensor, computer-based device with an automated technique of wheeze detection. The method was validated in 100 sound files from seven subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and seven healthy subjects by comparison of auscultation findings, examination of audio files, and computer detection of wheezes. Three blinded physicians identified 40 sound files with wheezes and 60 sound files without wheezes. Sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 85%, respectively. Negative predictive value and positive predictive value were 89% and 79%, respectively. Overall inter-rater agreement was 84%. False positive cases were found to contain sounds that simulate wheezes, such as background noises with high frequencies or strong noises from the throat that could be heard and identified without a stethoscope. The present findings demonstrate that the wheeze detection algorithm has good accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value for wheeze detection in regional analyses with a single sensor and multiple sensors. Results are similar to those reported in the literature. The device is user-friendly, requires minimal patient effort, and, distinct from other devices, it provides a dynamic image of breath sound distribution with wheeze detection output in less than 1 minute.     

Two ATS Recommended Protocols for Administration of Methacholine Are Not Equal

Background. The 1999 American Thoracic Society methacholine challenge guidelines stated that the 5-breath dosimeter method of methacholine administration is similar to the 2-minute tidal breath method. Recent data has disputed this assertion. We examined the differences in the diagnosis of asthma using these two methods. Methods. Data were abstracted from a prospectively generated pulmonary function database over 4 years. During the first 2 years the 5-breath dosimeter method was used, and the subsequent 2 years the 2-minute tidal breath method was used. The effect of the delivery technique was assessed by crude and adjusted odds ratios, controlling for known confounders and group differences. Results. A total of 907 subjects underwent methacholine challenge testing during the 4-year study period: 19.3% of the subjects tested with the 5-breath dosimeter method and 31.2% of those tested with the 2-minute tidal breathing method had a PC20 ≤ 8.0 mg/mL (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.58, p < 0.001). The ability to reliably exclude airway hyper-responsiveness (PC20 > 16.0 mg/mL) was also altered by the differences between the testing techniques. Using the 5-breath dosimeter method, 72.4% of subjects were ruled out for airway hyper-responsiveness, whereas only 59.9% of subjects were ruled out with the 2-minute tidal breathing technique (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The two recommended protocols for the diagnosis of asthma are not equivalent and significantly alter the rate of diagnosis of asthma as well as the severity. The differences were seen across all PC20 levels, from those with strongly positive tests (PC20 ≤ 1.0 mg/mL) as well as those with negative tests for airway hyper-responsiveness (PC20 > 16.0 mg/mL).     

Investigation and Treatment of Ovulatory Failure

After gonadal dysgenesis or developmental failure have been ruled out and therapy initiated for secondary amenorrhea in appropriate cases, there remains a group of women in whom measures to overcome infertility can be undertaken with reasonable expectation of success. The first need is to determine if ovulation is occurring; if it is not, a variety of means is now available to induce it.     

Pulseless Electrical Activity:

Abstract

Objectives. The primary aims of this study were to compare paramedic success rates and complications of two different video laryngoscopes in a prehospital clinical study. Methods. This study was a multi-agency, prospective, non-randomized, cross over clinical trial involving paramedics from four different EMS agencies. Following completion of training sessions, six Storz CMAC? video laryngoscopes and six King Vision? (KV) video laryngoscopes were divided between agencies and placed into service for 6 months. Paramedics were instructed to use the video laryngoscope for all patients estimated to be ≥ 18 years old who required advanced airway management per standard operating procedure. After 6 months, the devices were crossed over for the final 6 months of the study period. Data collection was completed using a telephone data collection system with a member of the research team (available 24/7). First attempt success, overall success, and success by attempt, were compared between treatment groups using exact logistic regression adjusted for call type and user experience. Results. Over a 12-month period, 107 patients (66 CMAC, 41 KV) were treated with a study device. The CMAC had a significantly higher likelihood of first attempt success (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 0.74, 4.62; p = 0.188), overall success (OR = 7.37; 95% CI 1.73, 11.1; p = 0.002), and success by attempt (OR = 3.38; 95% CI 1.67, 6.8; p = 0.007) compared to KV. Providers reverted to direct laryngoscopy in 80% (27/34) of the video laryngoscope failure cases, with the remaining patients having their airways successfully managed with a supraglottic airway in 3 cases and bag-valve mask in 4 cases. The provider-reported complications were similar and none were statistically different between treatment groups. Complication rates were not statistically different between devices. Conclusion. The CMAC had a higher likelihood of successful intubation compared to the King Vision. Complication rates were not statistically different between groups. Video laryngoscope placement success rates were not higher than our historical direct laryngoscopy success rates.     

侧卧位徒手气道开放置胃管法在重症脑卒中患者的应用

目的探讨适用于重症急性脑卒中昏迷伴舌后坠、颅内压增高患者的胃管置入方法。方法将90例重症急性脑卒中昏迷患者分为3组各30例,观察组采用侧卧位徒手开放气道法,对照1组采用侧卧位置管法,对照2组采用侧卧位拉舌法,比较3组患者1次置管成功情况、不良反应程度和舌损伤情况。结果1次置管成功率,观察组高于对照1组（P<0.01）,与对照2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;不良反应程度,观察组低于对照2组（P<0.01）,与对照1组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;舌损伤情况,观察组低于对照2组（P<0.05）,与对照1组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论侧卧位徒手气道开放置胃管法,用于重症脑卒中昏迷伴舌后坠、颅内压增高患者,成功率高、刺激小、损伤轻,值得临床推广。     

中医药治疗小儿哮喘气道炎症机制研究

中医药治疗小儿哮喘气道炎症的机制优势主要体现在以下方面：①验证了中医药在细胞分子水平上对气道炎症的防治作用,为中医药治疗哮喘提供了临床实验依据;②一些文献证明中医药或中西医结合控制气道炎症的作用优于单独使用激素治疗或其他西医常规治疗,中医药调节机体动态平衡的作用是其潜在优势;③中医药在哮喘缓解期仍有控制气道炎症的作用,其注重扶正固本的治则可有效缓解激素的不良反应,有助于解除对激素的依赖性。但中医药在此类研究中尚存在一些不足之处：①中医药对气道炎症的临床作用机制研究仍处于现代医学研究成果的验证阶段,即对若干指标的影响,缺少基于循证医学的理论创新;②由于临床标本采取受限,中医药对气道炎症的临床作用机制研究尚未进行纵向深入探索,不能充分揭示各因素之间的动态演变过程;③绝大多数文献没有考虑中医的证和症与检测指标的相关性,不能完全体现中医药在防治气道炎症方面的辨证施治精神;④部分临床能快速抑制气道炎症的复方缺少相关动物实验研究,尚无法深入揭示其作用机制,限制了中成药的研发与推广;⑤尚缺少多中心大样本研究,部分文献分组及统计方法不尽科学,影响研究质量。     

喉罩通气在心血管疾病患者心肺复苏中的应用

目的 观察喉罩通气在心血管疾病患者突发呼吸心跳骤停时心肺复苏中的应用效果.方法 将心肺复苏中需要气管插管的80例患者为观察对象,并根据单双号将其分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组按常规方式气管内插管,观察组首先置入喉罩通气后,再根据病情需要行气管插管,2组其他抢救措施相同.比较2组2 h内,置管时间、一次性插管成功率、通气起效时间及抢救中血气、血生化指标的变化.结果 观察组置管所需时间明显较对照组短,而一次性插管成功的例数明显多于对照组(P<0.05);观察组通气起效的时间较对照组短(P<0.05);复苏开始时2组的SpO2、PCO2等血气指标和乳酸、ALT、BUN等生化指标无明显差别,复苏后,2组的SpO2和pH均升高,而PCO2、乳酸、ALT、BUN和Scr水平均有所下降,观察组上述指标的变化更为明显,2组血糖较复苏前均无明显改变.结论 喉罩通气较气管插管在赢得抢救时间、稳定患者血气方面更具优势,为危重患者的抢救提供了保障.     

连花定喘片治疗支气管哮喘的疗效

 目的  评价连花定喘片治疗支气管哮喘的疗效。方法  将50只SPF级BALB/C小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、地塞米松组、连花高剂量组、连花低剂量组,每组10只。采用卵清白蛋白＋氢氧化铝致敏,并雾化激发复制小鼠支气管哮喘模型,给药组于每次激发前30 min给药,共计7次。采用特殊气道阻力值评估气道高反应性,肺组织HE染色及肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)细胞分类计数评价各组小鼠气道炎症性改变,ELISA法和磁性Luminex分析法检测BALF和血清中IL-4、IL-13、INF-γ的表达。结果  地塞米松组和连花高剂量组能显著降低气道阻力(P<0.05)。地塞米松组和连花高、低剂量组BALF中的各类炎性细胞数量和IL 13的表达均明显减少(P<0.05)。血清IL-13的表达在地塞米松组明显降低(P<0.05),但在连花高、低剂量组中没有变化。各组小鼠BALF和血清中IL-4和INF-γ的表达没有统计学差异。结论  连花定喘片可缓解哮喘症状,可能与其降低Th2型细胞因子IL-13的含量,从而减轻气道炎症有关。     

槲皮素对支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症的作用及机制研究

目的 研究槲皮素是否对支气管哮喘小鼠模型气道炎症具有抑制作用及可能的分子机制。方法 通过腹腔注射卵蛋白（OVA）致敏并行雾化激发复制小鼠支气管哮喘模型。将36只BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分为6组,分别为对照组（CON组）、哮喘模型组（OVA组）、槲皮素低剂量组（LOW组）、槲皮素中剂量组（MID组）、槲皮素高剂量组（HIGH组）剂量组、地塞米松阳性对照组（POS组）。对小鼠哮喘症状的程度进行评分;通过ELISA法检测小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）的上清液中白细胞介素-4（IL-4）和IL-5的水平;qRT-PCR检测肺组织miR-155的水平。结果 与CON组比较,OVA组小鼠的哮喘症状评分较高,IL-4、IL-5和miR-155表达水平上调（均P?<0.05）。与OVA组小鼠比较,随着槲皮素药物浓度的升高,槲皮素不同浓度组小鼠的哮喘症状评分下降,IL-4、IL-5和miR-155表达水平降低（均P?<0.05）。结论 槲皮素能改善支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症,其机制可能与下调IL-4、IL-5和miR-155表达有关。