种植义齿修复的医学伦理问题

种植义齿是一项新的修复缺失牙方法，本文从医学伦理学的角度出发，探究种植又齿修复过程中应遵循的医德原则，医师高度的责任心、精湛的医术和正确的口腔宣教是保证种植义齿修复成功的关键。     

Factors influencing survival of reconstructions. Consensus report of Working Group 2

Abstract: In order to evaluate the level of evidence of factors influencing the survival of reconstructions, systematic reviews of the relevant literature were prepared by a group of rapporteurs. The review papers were circulated to the members of the group before the conference and formed the basis for group and panel discussions. Subsequently, modifications were added to the review papers, and suggestions for consensus statements concerning the following topics were prepared and again critically reviewed in the group and in the plenum: Impact of (i) periodontal disease on the survival of tooth-supported reconstructions, (ii) post-surgical factors as supportive therapy on the survival of implant supported reconstructions, (iii) technical and/or biological complications on the survival of different types of reconstructions, (iiii) material choice for reconstructions on the survival of single crowns and fixed dental prostheses.     

义齿PMMA基托表面粗糙度影响的实验研究

目的：研究技工操作因素对义齿树脂基托表面粗糙度的影响。方法：在不同粉液比、充填时期、聚合温度、混合方式以及出盒温度成型的上颌半口义齿基托上选取1.5cm^2范围，按照统一的打磨顺序，由粗到细打磨抛光完成，浸入冷水中，7天后进行粗糙度测试，所得数据经t检验统计处理。结果：在单体含量降低组、丝状期充填组．热处理时直接放入70℃水中维持9h组与对照组相比，均存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：影响PMMA树脂表面粗糙度的制作工艺因素有单体含量降低、丝状期充填和未经100℃高温热处理。     

Unique variant of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with intact atrial septum

Summary Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs) are rare in association with an intact atrial septum. However, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with otherwise unexplained findings of left-to-right shunt and right heart enlargement. An unusual variant is presented, which we considered unsuitable for operative repair, based on findings at catheterization. Developmental, hemodynamic, and surgical considerations are discussed.     

Effects of haloperidol on the multitrial partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE): evidence for neuroleptic drug action on nonreinforcement but not on reinforcement

Two experiments investigated the effects of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) on the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). In experiment 1 two groups of rats were trained to run in a straight alley using six trials/day with an intertrial interval (ITI) of 5–8 min. The continuously reinforced (CRF) group received food reward on every trial. The partially reinforced (PRF) group was rewarded on a quasi-random 50% schedule. All animals were then tested in extinction. Haloperidol was administered in a 2 × 2 design, i.e., drug-no drug in acquisition and drug-no drug in extinction. In experiment 2 two groups of rats were trained to press a lever in an operant chamber using a discrete trial procedure of ten trials/day with an ITI of 60 s. The CRF group was rewarded on each trial and the PRF group was rewarded on a quasi-random 50% schedule. Haloperidol was administered for 22 days prior to the start of the PREE procedure as well as throughout acquisition and extinction. The PREE, i.e., increased resistance to extinction of PRF as compared to CRF animals, was obtained in both experiments in all drug conditions. In both experiments haloperidol increased the rate of extinction. Experiment 1 revealed that this effect was entirely dur to the administration of the drug in extinction, independently of the drug condition in acquisition. In contrast to previous results in a one trial/day procedure, the administration of haloperidol to CRF animals did not increase resistance to extinction, failing to support the notion that neuroleptics attenuate the rewarding properties of reinforcement.     

The influence of partial gastrectomy on biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and bone density

Summary Since it has been suggested that gastric resections are followed by changes in bone metabolism, the aim of our study was to determine the biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and radial and lumbar bone density in 15 male ulcus patients treated by partial gastrectomy (Billroth II). Comparing the data with those of a corresponding control group, the lumbar bone density measured by quantitative computed tomography was statistically significantly lower (P < 0.04) in the patient group, whereas the peripheral bone mass of the distal part of the nondominant forearm measured by single-photon absorptiometry showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, a marked increase in alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.002) and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (P < 0.003) was found in the gastrectomy group, whereas the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were found to be significantly decreased (P < 0.04). Osteocalcin, a biochemical marker for osteoblast activity, and the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), a marker of collagen formation, were slightly but not significantly higher in gastrectomy-treated patients. The serum parathyroid hormone levels were similar in both groups. As none of the patients had any radiologic evidence of osteopenia, the changes in biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and bone mass in patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy could be a marker of latent bone loss.Abbreviations DPA/SPA dual/single-photon absorptiometry - BMD bone mineral density - QCT quantitative computed tomography - PICP carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen - 250HD₃ 25-hydroxy-vitamin D - iPTH parathyroid hormone - OC osteocalcin - BMC bone mineral content     

Can we predict the outcome of a partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament? A prospective study of 43 cases

The concept of partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been confirmed by arthroscopic examination and palpation. We present a prospective study of 43 patients who were diagnosed arthroscopically as suffering from a partial rupture of the ACL by the same surgeon. The patients followed a rehabilitation protocol and were examined by an independant observer after 5 years. Twenty-five patients had a stable knee, whereas 18 eventually suffered a complete ACL rupture. ACL partial rupture is easily recognizable with arthroscopy, but the quantity and state of the still intact fibres is difficult to assess. Received: 20 April 1996 Accepted: 17 December 1996     

带塑料插入件栓式附着体义齿修复后满意度的调查

目的 通过问卷调查表对患者戴用附着体义齿后的主观感受进行研究.方法 选择上下牙列缺损患者42例,共制作带塑料插入件栓式附着体义齿47例,于戴牙后1个月,患者基本适应戴用义齿,通过问卷调查,了解患者戴用义齿后的适应情况、对义齿的满意程度及咀嚼功能的变化等.结果 患者对带塑料插入件栓式附着体义齿和传统可摘局部义齿两种修复方式比较,在总的满意度、美观、舒适、咀嚼、语言、适应期、食物结构改变等方面,前者明显优于后者,差异有统计学意义.结论 带塑料插入件栓式附着体义齿在美观及功能上不仅能满足患者的要求,而且远优于传统可摘局部义齿.     

Partial resection of distal humerus and reconstruction using autogenous iliac bone graft

Summary Seven patients with eccentrically placed tumours of the distal end of the humerus treated with partial resection and autogenous iliac bone grafting are reported. The functional results are discussed.

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Résumé Présentation de sept cas de tumeurs situées à l'extrémité distale de l'humérus et traitées par résection limitée et reconstruction par autogreffe lilaque. Discussion des résultats fonctionnels.