骨组织工程技术进行犬上颌窦提升的实验研究

目的：观察猪脱钙冻干骨支架和骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）复合后在犬上颌窦底的成骨情况。方法：将实验犬BMSCs诱导为成骨细胞后与冻干脱钙骨支架相复合，用于实验犬自体上颌窦提升，通过实验组与正常骨组织、阳性对照组和空白对照组之间大体标本、X线影像学观察、组织切片HE染色和免疫组化染色的比较，考察其成骨情况。结果：实验侧上颌窦外形饱满．与周围正常骨组织无明显区别，X线可见骨小梁致密整齐，组织切片HE染色和免疫组化分析均显示实验组成骨与阳性对照组无明显区别。结论：应用冻干脱钙骨支架与BMSCs复合的组织工程复合物在上颌窦提升术时，具有良好的成骨能力，可以形成正常的骨组织。     

应用生理性成骨力值概念治疗骨折与骨不连——兼论MO现象与有效固定

治疗骨折与术后合并的骨不连,至今仍是骨创伤领域的难题之一。研究分析当前的学术思想,探索更接近骨愈合规律的理念与技术,是必然的学术趋势。1当前骨创伤理论与技术1.1AO从20世纪50年代起,AO组织提出解剖复位与骨块间坚强固定与加压的概念。50年间,由于伴随生物材料学的发展和内固定形式的进步,业已成为治疗骨折与骨不连的主要理论与方法,并取得了瞩目的成就,但同时也发现了存在并需继续探讨的若干问题。(1)偏心类的固定模式,如加压钢板,其疗效超越一般非加压性钢板。但同时也发现:①内固定期间,骨质萎缩,骨痂纹理凌乱或难觅骨痂;②钢板…     

BMP受体在大鼠骨髓间充质细胞成骨中的作用

目的:研究骨形成蛋白受体(BMP-R)在大鼠骨髓间充质细胞(BMSCs)成骨中的作用机制。方法:分离大鼠BMSCs,将原代细胞分为4组,分别应用普通培养基(CM)、成骨诱导培养基(OM)、骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)和OM+BMP-2诱导培养基培养。应用碱性磷酸酶(ALPase)活性和钙结节染色(Von Kossa法)检测成骨分化程度,RT-PCR检测骨形成蛋白受体(BMP-R)的表达情况。采用SPSS16.0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析。结果:OM可诱导BMSCs成骨分化,表现出高碱性磷酸酶活性和基质矿化能力。BMP-2可提高OM诱导BMSCs成骨分化的能力;OM在早期即可诱导BMP-RⅠA和BMP-RⅡ的表达,而BMP-2诱导BMP-R较迟。结论:BMP-2可提高OM诱导BM-SCs分化成骨的能力,BMP-R在BMSCs分化成骨中起重要作用。     

静磁场促进成骨作用机制的研究进展

相关研究表明,静磁场可以促进细胞成骨作用,并已经广泛应用于临床治疗,但关于其具体机制,至今仍然没有定论。大量学者通过实验试图明确这一机制。本文就此方面的研究进展进行系统阐述。     

MAPKs通路在MSCs的增殖及向成骨细胞分化过程中的作用

间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一种多潜能成体干细胞,在体外诱导剂的作用下能向成骨细胞分化。在MSCs向成骨细胞分化过程中,受到MAPKs、BMPs、Notch和Wnt等多种信号通路的调控。其中MAPKs信号通路研究比较深入,近年来研究表明在MAPKs信号通路的五种途径中,ERKs、p38MAPK和JNKs途径参与了成骨细胞增殖和分化的信号转导。现对MAPKs通路与其参与的MSCs增殖和成骨分化过程简要综述。     

Osteogenesis,angiogenesis and anti-aseptic loosening of europium-doped calcium polyphosphate bone tissue engineering scaffold北大核心

BACKGROUND: The clinical success of bone grafts depends not only on osteogenesis, but also on angiogenesis, and the ability to inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop bio-scaffold materials with multiple functions. OBJECTIVE: To improve various problems of traditional bone repair materials, such as low mechanical strength, poor vascular promoting ability, and insufficient osteoinductive ability through the doping of trace elements. METHODS: A series dose of Eu (0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%, molar ratio) was incorporated into calcium polyphosphate scaffolds by high temperature sintering to achieve a multifunctional europium-doped calcium polyphosphate. Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion method and compressive strength test were used to characterize its structure, crystal form, element composition, pore size distribution, and mechanical properties. The europium-doped calcium polyphosphate scaffold was co-cultured with mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biological performance was evaluated through cell proliferation detection, scanning electron microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The doping of Eu3+ did not change the main chain structure and crystal form of calcium polyphosphate, but it could stabilize the pore size distribution within 200-400 μm, which was conducive to bone ingrowth. (2) Compared to pure calcium polyphosphate materials, the crystal grains of europium-doped calcium polyphosphate scaffolds were bonded more closely and ranged well-ordered, which were beneficial to improve mechanical strength of materials. (3) The surface roughness of europium-doped calcium polyphosphate scaffolds was conducive to cell adhesion and spreading. Mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded on europium-doped calcium polyphosphate scaffolds presented better proliferation and migration, especially 5% group. (4) The secretion of four growth factors (alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells secreted vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9) from co-cultured cells seeded on europium-doped calcium polyphosphate scaffolds was enhanced, which was conducive to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, especially 5% group. (5) 5% europium-doped calcium polyphosphate significantly up-regulated the ratio of osteoprotegerin/nuclear factor kappa B receptor activator ligand from osteoblast so that it had a potential efficacy to inhibit bone resorption, thus acted as an effect of alleviating aseptic loosening. (6) The above results show that the 5% europium-doped calcium polyphosphate scaffold has the potential to accelerate angiogenesis/osteogenesis and inhibit bone resorption, which is a promising multifunctional biomaterial. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

遗传性成骨不全临床及X线诊断探讨(附一家系42例报告)

目的探讨遗传性成骨不全诊断要点。方法对一家系健在的３５例遗传性成骨不全患者的临床和Ｘ线资料及死亡的７例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果（１）一家系五代４２例（男１８例，女２４例）患病，年龄１０个月至６７岁。（２）同时具有两种不同遗传方式（显性３５例，隐性７例）。（３）４２例均有深浅不同蓝色巩膜。（４）健在３５例的骨骼Ｘ线改变：２９例为普遍性骨密度减低，皮质薄，长管状骨细长，６例正常。２２例合并骨折。（５）进行性耳聋２４例（含死亡３例）。（６）蓝巩膜、骨脆、耳聋三联症２１例（含死亡３例）。（７）碱性磷酸酶升高（１７例）为本组实验室检查的特殊表现。结论蓝巩膜、骨脆、进行性耳聋为遗传性成骨不全的特征性表现，尤其蓝巩膜为本病首现及易显体征，为诊断必备条件。     

Osteogenic potential oif rabbit marrow stromal stem cells cultued in vitro：a histochemical and scanning electron microscopic study

Objective:To further investigate the osteogenic potential of rabbit marrow stromalstem cells cultured in vitro.Methods:Rabbit marrow stromal stem cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation method and amplified in the flasks,using the osteogenic inducing conditions(OGC) as the culture media.The osteogenic potential of marrow stromal stem cells were investigated by means of bone-seeking fluorescenc(tetracycline) labeling, Alizarin red S(ARS) staining,Alcian blue-Sirius red (AS) staining, and scanning electron microscope.Results:After being passaged ,the marrow stromal stem cells increased in number,became confluent and formed multi-layer structure.The stromal stem cells excreted innumerable tiny granules,heaping up on the cell body and merging gradually into foggy substances.These foggy substances kept on enlarging and formed round, oval, or flake-like nodules.These nodules revealed bright golden yellow fluorescence under fluorescence microscope when labeled with tetracycline.Histochemical study with specific new bone staining with ARS revealed positive calcium reaction,both denoting that they were newly formed bone tissues.After they were stained with AS, collagen and acid mucopolysaccharide were shown.Under scanning electron microscope,three types of cells with different configurations were found.They were globular cells,spindle-shaped cells and polygonal or polygonal cells.Granules were excreted from the cells and heaped up on the cell body.Needle-shaped and irregularly rectangular crystals also appeared and agglomerated with the granules to form nodules and trabecula-like or flake-like structures.Conclusions:Sequence of events of bone formation by rabbit marrow stromal stem cells cultured in vitro is fully depicted and confirmed,which provides the foundation for further investigating the mechanisms of osteoblast differentiation from marrow stromal stem cells and the possible application in orthopaedics.     

Spondylolisthesis caused by extreme pedicle elongation in osteogenesis imperfecta

Although osteogenesis imperfecta is a well-known skeletal disorder, reports of spondylolisthesis in osteogenesis imperfecta are rare. Only very few cases of spondylolisthesis caused by elongation of lumbar pedicles have been described in the literature. Here we report three patients suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta showing a severe form of hyperlordosis caused by lumbar pedicle elongation and consecutive spondylolisthesis. Radiographs in the course of childhood and adolescence show a rapid progression of pedicle elongation and hyperlordosis with increased mechanical loads. The treatment strategy consists of physiotherapy, medical treatment with bisphosphonates, and orthopedic surgery and is preferably conservative. In the three patients reported here, one patient was treated with laminectomy and postero-lateral fusion, whereas in the other two patients surgery is currently not considered as necessary.     

骨膜成骨细胞的分离培养及其成骨作用的放射自显影研究

取４只家兔胫前骨膜进行成骨细胞分离培养，用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ标记，然后回植于同一供体的皮下、耳软骨缺损处及挠骨缺损处。分别在２周和４周后处死动物，原位取材，用放射自显影方法观察种植细胞的转归。结果表明，种植的细胞在皮下转化为类骨组织；在软骨缺损处转化为软骨组织；而在骨缺损处则转化为典型的骨组织。提示用骨膜分离培养成骨细胞，回植体内，有可能用于骨缺损和软骨缺损的修复。