从六经传变理论探“虚不受补”

[目的]从六经传变角度分析"虚不受补"的内在机理,探索完善临床遇见的"虚不受补"问题。[方法]归纳疾病传变如五脏、六经、表里传变的一般规律,总结各类传变的治疗原则,辨析虚实辨证和补法分类,分析产生"虚不受补"的常见现象,提出正确进补的原则与条件。[结果](1)有外感、肺部邪气重,先解表、宣肺,然后才能进补;(2)肠胃有邪气,不可进补,先泄邪气通腑然后可进补;(3)少阳枢机不利则气机不畅,不可进补,先理气转机方可进补;(4)疾病的治疗有表里虚实之辨,也有标本缓急之别,标本之辨在辨证施治时至关重要。[结论]"虚不受补"大多数时候是进补顺序错误导致,在进补前辨别人体的气血状态,对症施药,则可以缓解甚至消除因为进补不当带来的不舒适。解表、健脾胃、活气血、寓消于补是解决虚不受补问题的重要途径。     

LDL-C与大面积脑梗死对急性脑梗死后非溶栓患者出血转化的影响

目的探讨低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与大面积脑梗死对急性脑梗死后非溶栓患者出血转化的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2016年3月～2018年3月收治的、符合纳入标准的急性脑梗死后非溶栓患者90例。根据患者出血转化情况分为出血转化组(n=28)和非出血转化组(n=62)。收集并分析两组患者一般资料及脑梗死面积情况。采用Logistic回归分析出血转化的影响因素。结果出血转化组吸烟史、饮酒史、高脂血症、心房震颤、空腹血糖及LDL-C水平均高于非出血转化组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);出血转化组大面积脑梗死比例高于非出血转化组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);Logistic回归分析发现,空腹血糖(OR=2.192,95%CI=1.043～4.608)、LDL-C(OR=2.347,95%CI=1.047～5.262)、大面积脑梗死(OR=2.284,95%CI=1.019～5.122)是急性脑梗死后非溶栓患者出血转化独立危险因素。结论空腹血糖、LDL-C、大面积脑梗死可能增加急性脑梗死后非溶栓患者出血转化的风险。     

2014—2018年度国家自然科学基金中医肿瘤领域资助项目情况分析

通过对2014-2018年度国家自然科学基金中医肿瘤领域面上、青年、地区基金项目资助情况进行分析,以期对本领域研究者提供参考。分析结果显示,中医肿瘤领域获资助情况与中医学科整体获资助情况基本一致。获得资助数目的依托单位以中医药研究机构为主,获资助项目的主要特点为：从临床实际需求出发,紧扣研究前沿,使用新技术及新方法。     

生理学教学核心理念变革的探讨

医学教育改革更多的是热衷于授课形式和方法的改革,而忽视了真正能够渗透到教学各方面的教学理念的改革。结合对生理学教学目标的反思和“岗位胜任力”培养的需求,将生理学教学的核心理念总结为四个方面：“三观”要正,帮助学生树立平衡观、辩证观和整体观;“三基”要牢,培养学生掌握基本的知识架构体系、基本的知识获取能力、基本的操作技能;重视学以致用和强化人文素养。上述核心理念在教学实践中得到学生的广泛认可,临床医学专业学生对核心理念的评价明显高于护理专业。下一步教学改革的方向是在教学理念的指导下如何细化授课内容,以适应专业设置越来越细化的现状。     

以孕酮水平确定冻融胚胎移植时间的临床研究

目的比较基于排卵监测的方案(MOR)与基于孕酮水平监测的方案(MPR)确定自然周期冻融胚胎移植(FET)时机的临床结局。方法回顾性分析190个自然周期FET的临床资料。结果 61.1%(116/190)的周期应用MPR方案,38.9%(74/190)为MOR方案;MOR组生化妊娠率为9.5%,同MPR组(1.7%)相比显著升高(P=0.014);然而,MPR、MOR组的临床妊娠率相似,分别为53.4%及51.4%,种植率、持续妊娠率及活产率的差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示移植方案是生化妊娠的独立影响因素,MPR与生化妊娠呈负相关[(OR0.050,95%CI(0.004,0.593)](P=0.018)。结论在基本情况及周期治疗情况相似的患者中,与MOR方案相比,MPR方案进行自然周期FET可能获得更低的生化妊娠率(即更低的妊娠丢失率),但仍需进一步研究证实。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响

目的比较丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者外周血NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响。方法选择择期行舌癌根治术患者40例,男25例,女15例,年龄44~67岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:丙泊酚组(P组)和七氟醚组(S组),每组20例。P组采用丙泊酚2.0~2.5mg/kg、瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉麻醉诱导,丙泊酚4~6mg·kg-1·h-1及瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注维持麻醉;S组采用8%七氟醚、新鲜气体流量5L/min吸入,瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉注射诱导,瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注及2%~3%七氟醚吸入维持麻醉。分别在麻醉诱导前30min(T0)、麻醉后1h(T1)、3h(T2)、5h(T3)、手术结束时(T4)、手术结束后24h(T5)、48h(T6)、72h(T7)采集外周静脉血,采用流式细胞仪测定外周血NK细胞(CD3-CD16+56+)及B淋巴细胞(CD3-CD19+)百分比。结果与T0时比较,T1~T5时两组CD3-CD16+56+和CD3-CD19+百分比明显降低(P0.05),T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显降低(P0.05);T2~T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显低于P组(P0.05),两组各时点CD3-CD19+百分比差异无统计学意义。结论与七氟醚比较,丙泊酚可维持较高的NK细胞百分比,有利于维持舌癌根治术患者免疫功能。     

Early malignant change in a solitary neurofibroma not associated with neurofibromatosis: a case report

A 31-year old woman presented with a mass on the posterolateral aspect of the lower third of the right leg. The mass had undergone fine needle aspiration biopsy previously at another center and was diagnosed as neurofibroma. The patient was evaluated to determine the existence of neurofibromatosis but no positive findings were obtained, thus the mass appeared to be a solitary, local neurofibroma. The mass was totally excised with the involved nerve fascicles. The histopathological evaluation showed foci of malignant transformation of the solitary neurofibroma. The patient was reoperated on, and the surrounding tissues were widely excised together with the tibial nerve; the defect was grafted with the sural nerve. Clear margins were achieved. No complications ocurred and the patient was satisfied. She survived and had neither recurrence nor metastasis during 2 years follow-up. This patient is presented as a case report of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, specifically the focal malignant degeneration of a solitary neurofibroma.     

穿支蒂皮瓣修复臀骶部软组织缺损

目的探讨应用穿支蒂皮瓣修复臀骶部软组织缺损的手术方法及临床效果。方法1998年以来临床应用8例,其中男5例,女3例。年龄15～79岁。根据缺损部位及大小设计以臀部、骶旁或腰动脉的皮穿支为血管蒂的轴型穿支蒂皮瓣移位修复臀骶部褥疮、溃疡及外伤性软组织缺损创面。切取皮瓣达6cm×5cm～19cm×11cm,穿支血管口径1.3～2.1mm,游离穿支血管蒂长度为2.5～4.5cm。结果皮瓣全部成活,伤口期愈合。随访6～24个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形满意,溃疡无复发。结论穿支蒂皮瓣设计灵活,切取方便,血供可靠,不损伤臀部肌肉,供区无需植皮,是修复臀骶部软组织缺损创面的理想方法。     

Different transformation of mature teratoma in a patient with mixed germ cell tumor of the testis

A 44-year-old male was referred with a left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. A biopsy of the lymph node showed metastatic embryonal carcinoma. Tumor markers were present at high levels: alpha-fetoprotein 253.9 ng/mL, beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin 62 ng/mL. Computed tomography (CT) showed retroperitoneal adenopathy. High orchiectomy was done. The patient was treated with three cycles of etoposide plus cisplatin, achieved normalization of the serum tumor markers and underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Pathological findings of multiple lymph nodes showed teratomatous glands without viable cells. At follow-ups performed every 3 months, tumor markers remained within normal limits and no evidence of recurrence was observed. Eight years after first admission a CT scan revealed a cystic tumor 1 cm in diameter in the para-aortic region. The cystic tumor continued to slowly grow, expanding by 1 cm in diameter per year without elevation of tumor markers. The para-aortic tumor had grown to 4 cm in diameter and a left supraclavicular lymphadennopathy recurred. A resection of the supraclavicular cystic tumor showed mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, but a cystic tumor in the para-aortic region revealed mature teratoma. Here we report a case of mature teratoma with metastases at supraclavicular and para-aortic lymph nodes which had different transformations in spite of both regions consisting of cystic tumors.     

地震灾害致腹部创伤的诊治体会

目的研究特大地震灾害所导致的腹部外伤的分类和预后,总结其救治经验。方法2008年5月12日至22日江油市903医院收治589例地震伤者中24例（4．1％）合并腹部伤,对其伤情资料进行统计分析。结果24例腹部伤中,3例由于严重的胸腹伤在运送至医院途中或到院即死亡,21例收治住院,5例由于严重胸、腹部伤或颅脑损伤在入院后12h内死亡,总病死率33．3％。常见的腹部伤是腹壁挫伤、腹膜后血肿、脾破裂、肝挫裂伤。所有伤者均合并软组织损伤,23例（95．8％）合并其他重要脏器损伤。存活伤者16例,经及时积极救治,预后良好。结论早期甄别伤情、明确诊断,积极抗休克,选择恰当的治疗方式,及时处理合并伤可以有效降低病死率。