三种实验性IgA肾病模型的比较

目的探讨建立一种理想的IgA肾病（IgAN）动物模型方法。方法分别采用葡聚糖G200、大肠杆菌外膜蛋白和金葡菌的细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇诱导小鼠IgA肾病模型。用分子生物学和病理学方法对3组IgAN模型小鼠进行鉴定和比较。结果（1）葡聚糖组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示部分肾小球大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，肝和脾可见弥漫性的粉染物质沉积；电镜下肾小球系膜区少量低电子密度的致密沉积物，肝和脾可见淀粉丝样物质沉积。（2）大肠杆菌外膜蛋白组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示肾小球有少量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞轻度增多，间质炎细胞浸润明显；电镜下肾小球系膜区无电子致密沉积物。（3）金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示多数肾小球均可见大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，伴系膜基质轻度增生；电镜下肾小球系膜区和基底膜的内皮细胞下可见高电子密度的致密沉积物。结论金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组诱导的IgAN模型从临床表现和病理学变化与人IgAN极其相似，是3种IgAN模型中最理想的IgAN模型。     

不同深度糖尿病大鼠烫伤模型的制备

目的探讨恒温恒压电热烫伤仪制作糖尿病大鼠不同深度烫伤模型的可行性。方法链脲佐菌素诱导正常SD大鼠制作糖尿病大鼠模型，诱导成功1、2、3、4周检测皮肤晚期糖基化终产物、胶原含量，以正常SD大鼠作为对照，判断典型糖尿病性皮肤改变所需的时间。以恒温恒压烫伤仪制作烫伤模型，制模条件为0．5kg压力下，80℃，分别作用时间4．6、12s，48h后取材行苏木素-伊红（HE）染色检测烫伤深度。结果糖尿病大鼠诱导成功后4周，皮肤晚期糖基化终产物含量为（31．40±3．45）U／mg、胶原含量为（12．60±0．57）mg／g，与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），并出现典型的糖尿病性皮肤改变。HE染色烫伤时间4、6、12s时深度依次为浅Ⅱ度、深Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度。结论恒温恒压电热烫伤仪制作糖尿病大鼠不同深度烫伤模型简单、方便，重复性高，为研究糖尿病创面愈合提供较为理想的模型。     

大白鼠皮肤Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度碱烧伤模型复制

目的 根据大白鼠皮肤碱烧伤创面早期病理组织学观察复制Ⅱ、Ⅲ度碱烧伤模型,研究碱烧伤的临床治疗.方法 Wistar纯种健康大白鼠20只,以不同浓度2mol/l、2.5mol/l、5mol/lNaOH,作用时间分别为30秒、45秒、60秒、75秒,涂抹于脱毛后的表皮.结果 2mol/L(60s)、2.5mol/L(45s),5mol/L(30s)即可直接造成Ⅱ度～深Ⅱ度烧伤;2mol/L(75s)、2.5mol/L(60s)、5 mol/L(45s)即可造成Ⅲ度烧伤,其烧伤深度与NaOH溶液浓度和作用时间呈正比.结论 Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度碱烧伤均为渐进性烧伤,与文献中介绍的潜拙样损伤似乎不同.另外,不同浓度NaOH溶液在相同时间对皮肤组织的损伤及同一浓度NaOH溶液在不同时间对大白鼠皮肤的损伤病理学变化均有差异.     

动脉瘤模型栓塞前后血流动力学对比研究

目的 评价动脉瘤模型行腔内微弹簧圈栓塞前后血流动力学的改变，用以判断疗效。方法 运用改进的显微外科技术建立犬颈总动脉（CCA）动脉瘤模型22个，其中侧壁型12个，分叉部4个，末端型6个。术后7～14d行彩色多普勒超声、经颅多普勒（TCD）、数字减影动脉血管造影（IADSA）及经微导管动脉瘤内测压，然后以微弹簧圈紧密填塞动脉瘤腔，栓塞后重复进行上述检查，比较栓塞前后血流动力学变化。结果 所建模型均获成功。实验证实，动脉瘤微弹簧圈栓塞前后其血流动力学参数的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 实验所建动物模型是研究动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的理想方法；动脉瘤微弹簧圈栓塞后，能减低、改变或消除载瘤动脉及动脉瘤内异常血流动力学状态，终止动脉瘤行为，防止动脉瘤扩大和破裂。     

蟾毒灵抗小鼠原位移植性肝癌整体药效学研究

目的　探讨蟾毒灵对小鼠原位移植性肝癌的抗肿瘤作用。方法　建立肝原位移植瘤模型。随机分为 5组 ,每组 15只 ,蟾毒灵 3组分别给予 1.5、1.0、0 .5mg/kg体重 ,腹腔注射 ;生理盐水 (NS)组给予等体积的生理盐水 ,用法同蟾毒灵组 ;阿霉素 (ADM )组按 8mg/kg体重给药。用药后第 11天每组分别处死 10只荷瘤鼠 ,测量肿瘤大小 ,取瘤组织行病理学检查和瘤细胞超微结构观察。剩余各组观察带瘤生存期。结果　蟾毒灵组肿瘤大小均较NS组明显缩小 (P <0 .0 1) ;中、大剂量的蟾毒灵组带瘤生存期较NS组明显延长 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。大、中剂量的蟾毒灵瘤组织以中重度坏死为主 ,小剂量以轻中度坏死为主。电镜下大、中剂量蟾毒灵组可见肿瘤细胞凋亡征象。结论　蟾毒灵对小鼠原位移植性肝癌有显著的抗肿瘤作用 ,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡可能是蟾毒灵的抗肿瘤机理之一。     

一种基于血管内皮细胞损伤的大鼠局灶性脑梗死模型

目的：建立一种因血管内皮细胞损伤而诱导的大鼠局灶性脑梗死模型。方法：取S—D大鼠11只，分离左侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉和颈内动脉。结扎左颈外动脉远心端，夹闭左翼腭动脉和颈总动脉，经颈外动脉逆行插管并缓慢注入月桂酸钠至颈内动脉系统，造成大脑中动脉血管内皮细胞受损。结果：从模型动物的行为表现、梗死灶形态学和病理学进行考察，10只大鼠均产生一定程度的脑梗死表现，造模成功率为90．9％。结论：该模型的稳定性和重复性较好，能在大脑中动脉的供血区产生恒定的梗死灶，适合进行脑缺血损伤的有关实验研究。     

Identifying the affected hemisphere by 1H-MR spectroscopy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and no pathological findings in high resolution MRI

Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remain without remarkable changes in MRI. In this study we investigated the role of (1)H-MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in lateralizing the affected hemisphere in the mentioned patient group. Twenty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with TLE were investigated by high resolution MRI and (1)H-MRS. We examined the incidence and diagnostic accuracy of temporal metabolite alterations determined by Linear Combination of Model Spectra (L C Model) via water reference. Metabolite values of each hemisphere of TLE patients were compared with healthy controls. Results of metabolite alterations were related to intensive video EEG focus localization. Reduction of N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate (tNAA) in the affected hemisphere revealed identification in six of nine patients (66%) with unilateral TLE. Group comparison revealed a significant reduction of tNAA (6.1+/-0.8*) in the involved temporal lobe compared with controls (6.67+/-0.4*, P=0.026). Choline levels were significantly increased in the affected hemisphere (1.42+/-0.17*) compared with healthy controls (1.22+/-0.17*, P=0.035). The results of our study show that (1)H-MRS is able to identify the affected hemisphere of MRI negative TLE patients and can be used as an additive tool in multimodal focus localization.     

一种新的单侧听觉气传导持续阻滞大鼠模型

用外耳道外沿皮下缝合法制备了一种新的单侧听觉气传导持续阻滞大鼠模型。它具有制作简便、损伤较小、效果持续的优点。     

浅析市场经济体制下的医院管理模式

阐述了在市场经济体制下医院管理面临的新情况,提出了新的医院管理模式应以分级管理为基础, “业务部制”式管理为重点,科室成本核算为核心,注重形象管理,服从政府宏观调控,确保医院的生存和发展。     

Ballistocardiogram of avian eggs determined by an electromagnetic induction coil

As an avian embryo grows within a eggshell, the whole egg is moved by embryonic activity and also by the embryonic heartbeat. A technical interest in detecting minute biological movements has prompted the development of techniques and systems to measure the cardiogenic ballistic movement of the egg or ballistocardiogram. (BCG). In this context, there is interest in using an electromagnetic induction coil (solenoid) as another simple sensor to measure the BCG and examining its possibility for BCG measurement. A small permanent magnet is attached tightly to the surface of an incubated egg, and then the egg with the magnet is placed in a solenoid. Preliminary model analysis is made to design a setup of the egg, magnet and solenoid coupling system. Then, simultaneous measurement with a laser displacement measuring system, developed previously, is made for chicken eggs, indicating that the solenoid detects the minute cardiogenic ballistic movements and that the BCG determined is a measure of the velocity of egg movements.