Antecedents of open source software adoption in health care organizations: A qualitative survey of experts in Canada

PurposeOpen source software (OSS) adoption and use in health care organizations (HCOs) is relatively low in developed countries, but several contextual factors have recently encouraged the consideration of the possible role of OSS in information technology (IT) application portfolios. This article aims at developing a research model for investigating the antecedents of OSS adoption decisions in HCOs.MethodsBased on a conceptual framework derived from a synthesis of the literature on IT adoption in organizations, we conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with IT experts from all levels of the Province of Quebec's health and social services sector in Canada. We also interviewed 10 IT suppliers in the province. A qualitative data analysis of the interviews was performed to identify major antecedents of OSS adoption decisions in HCOs.ResultsEight factors associated with three distinct theoretical perspectives influence OSS adoption. More specifically, they are associated with the classical diffusion of innovations theory, the theory of resources, as well as institutional theory and its spin-off, the organizing vision theory. The factors fall under three categories: the characteristics of OSS as an innovation, the characteristics of the HCO with respect to its ability to absorb OSS, and the characteristics of the external environment with respect to institutional pressures and public discourse surrounding OSS. We shed light on two novel factors that closely interact with each other: (1) interest of the health care community in the public discourse surrounding OSS, and (2) clarity, consistency and richness of this discourse, whether found in magazines or other media.ConclusionsOSS still raises many questions and presents several challenges for HCOs. It is crucial that the different factors that explain an HCO's decision on OSS adoption be considered simultaneously. Doing so allows a better understanding of HCOs’ rationale when deciding to adopt, or not to adopt, OSS.     

新型计算机随机点立体视检测系统的研制及试用

目的设计单屏及双屏显示的计算机随机点立体视检测系统。方法①运用红绿分视单屏检查或同视机分视双屏检查，检查参数（随机点大小、颜色、形状等）均可以按检查要求进行调整，可去除不等像视及斜视对立体视检查的影响，可以检查不同距离的立体视。②仿照TNO随机点立体图设置单屏及双屏显示的计算机随机点立体视检测系统参数，检查临床测试组65例，并与TNO检查结果进行比较。结果双屏及单屏显示计算机仿TNO随机点立体视检查图和TNO检查结果比较差异无统计学意义。结论仿TNO设置双屏及单屏显示计算机随机点立体视检查系统准确性和TNO相同，并能够满足临床检查需求及实验研究条件要求。     

双源 Flash 后处理软件在支气管动脉评价中的应用

目的：探讨双源 Flash 后处理软件(Bone Reading)应用于支气管动脉(BA)CTA 后处理重建中的可行性及时间效率分析。方法由2位放射科医生对70例临床拟诊断为支气管动脉扩张患者的 CTA 影像资料进行评价。首先,利用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现(VR)技术对支气管动脉的起源、数目、分支类型、走行分布及管腔直径进行评价及测量,记录相关数据及诊断时间;30 d 后再使用后处理软件(Bone Reading)对上述患者的影像资料重新进行评价。结果2位阅片者的诊断一致性无统计学差异,且有良好的相关性;后处理软件(Bone Reading)的使用在诊断时间上有统计学差异,平均减少诊断时间35%。结论后处理软件(Bone Reading)应用于 BA CTA 后处理重建是可行的,可以缩短后处理及诊断所需的时间。     

Cephalometric and three-dimensional assessment of the posterior airway space and imaging software reliability analysis before and after orthognathic surgery

PurposeThis study aimed to compare the reliability of three different imaging software programs for measuring the PAS and concurrently to investigate the morphological changes in oropharyngeal structures in mandibular prognathic patients before and after orthognathic surgery by using 2D and 3D analyzing technique.Material and methodsThe study consists of 11 randomly chosen patients (8 females and 3 males) who underwent maxillomandibular treatment for correction of Class III anteroposterior mandibular prognathism at the University Hospital in Zurich. A set of standardized LCR and CBCT-scans were obtained from each subject preoperatively (T0), 3 months after surgery (T1) and 3 months to 2 years postoperatively (T2). Morphological changes in the posterior airway space (PAS) were evaluated longitudinally by two different observers with three different imaging software programs (OsiriX^® 64-bit, Switzerland; Mimics^®, Belgium; BrainLab^®, Germany) and manually by analyzing cephalometric X-rays.ResultsA significant increase in the upper airway dimensions before and after surgery occurred in all measured cases. All other cephalometric distances showed no statistically significant alterations. Measuring the volume of the PAS showed no significant changes in all cases. All three software programs showed similar outputs in both cephalometric analysis and 3D measuring technique.ConclusionA 3D design of the posterior airway seems to be far more reliable and precise phrasing of a statement of postoperative gradients than conventional radiography and is additionally higher compared to the corresponding manual method. In case of Class III mandibular prognathism treatment with bilateral split osteotomy of the mandible and simultaneous maxillary advancement, the negative effects of PAS volume decrease may be reduced and might prevent a developing OSAS.     

超级刀片计算机上任务并行生物计算程序的效率优化

在后基因组时代，基因结构、功能及其与疾病的关系已成为生物医学的研究热点。在各种实验技术飞速发展的促进下，高复杂度、多元化、海量的生物数据正以指数级的速度不断增长，关于这些数据的存储、计算、分析等已成为严峻挑战。以超级计算机为平台的高性能计算是解决此类难题的有效方法之一。根据对本院超级刀片计算机的使用情况，本文从数据存储、通讯优化、计算效率、资源分配等角度，分析和总结提高任务并行的生物计算程序效率的技术策略，并进一步展望其在生物医学中的应用前景。这些技术策略对于使用同类高性能计算机具有重要的参考价值。     

Evaluating forensic DNA mixtures with contributors of different structured ethnic origins: a computer software

The effect of a structured population on the likelihood ratio of a DNA mixture has been studied by the current authors and others. In practice, contributors of a DNA mixture may belong to different ethnic/racial origins, a situation especially common in multi-racial countries such as the USA and Singapore. We have developed a computer software which is available on the web for evaluating DNA mixtures in multi-structured populations. The software can deal with various DNA mixture problems that cannot be handled by the methods given in a recent article of Fung and Hu.     

重组毕赤酵母表达期菌体浓度的软测量模型

建立了用于在线估计高密度重组毕赤酵母培养过程中处于表达阶段的菌体密度软测量模型。分别对比了基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学软测量模型以及基于人工神经网络（ANN）的软测量模型，并对神经网络软测量模型的拓扑结构以及训练参数进行了初步探讨。当采用基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学模型，模型拟舍值的最大误差为7．63％；在采用神经网络软测量技术时，选取合适的模型结构和输入参数，最大误差为3．12％，而且软测量模型可以很好地反映菌体浓度实时变化趋势。该研究结果表明，在酵母细胞的高密度培养过程中采用基于神经网络的软测量模型具有较高的准确度，可以较好地实时反映发酵过程中菌体浓度的变化。     

C1侧块骨折Magerl技术内固定的数字化模拟及应用

目的 探讨计算机软件应用于C1侧块骨折三维重建、复位以及数字化模拟Magerl技术内固定的方法及临床意义,以指导临床应用.方法 将1具颈椎标本制作成C1侧块骨折类型,进行高速CT薄层扫描,在Mimics中对C1侧块骨折模型进行重建、复位,以Solidworks进行螺钉的设计,并在骨折复位三维模型上进行虚拟Magerl技术内固定.结果 对骨折进行了三维重建、复位,根据三维模型测量数据,完成虚拟螺钉内固定,并成功指导临床手术21例.结论 应用Mimics及Solidworks可在个人电脑上设计出C1侧块骨折数字化螺钉固定,对临床手术有很好的参考意义.