Polymeric micro/nanoparticles: Particle design and potential vaccine delivery applications

Particle based adjuvant showed promising signs on delivering antigen to immune cells and acting as stimulators to elicit preventive or therapeutic response. Nevertheless, the wide size distribution of available polymeric particles has so far obscured the immunostimulative effects of particle adjuvant, and compromised the progress in pharmacological researches. To conquer this hurdle, our research group has carried out a series of researches regarding the particulate vaccine, by taking advantage of the successful fabrication of polymeric particles with uniform size. In this review, we highlight the insight and practical progress focused on the effects of physiochemical property (e.g. particle size, charge, hydrophobicity, surface chemical group, and particle shape) and antigen loading mode on the resultant biological/immunological outcome. The underlying mechanisms of how the particles-based vaccine functioned in the immune system are also discussed. Based on the knowledge, particles with high antigen payload and optimized attributes could be designed for expected adjuvant purpose, leading to the development of high efficient vaccine candidates.     

2型糖尿病与骨质疏松症

目的按是否出现蛋白尿对糖尿病患者分组,测量骨密度,观察2型糖尿患者与无蛋白尿的糖尿病患者及正常对照组是否存在在统计学差异。方法本研究随机选取山东地区无血缘关系的研究对象93名。分别检测以下指标：体重指数,骨密度,尿微量蛋白。结果2型糖尿病患者的骨密度与正常对照组无统计学差异。结论尚不能推断2型糖尿病与骨质疏松症存在必然联系。     

超高压超临界微射流技术提取中药有效成分新方法

阐述了超高压超临界微射流技术提取中药有效成分的方法及基本原理,对工艺流程进行了研究,优化了装置的结构,提高了提取效率。传统的方法不能有效提取中药有效成分,并且破坏了其中大部分热敏性物质,利用效率极低,应用超高压超临界微射流技术以中药牛蒡为例对其中的有效成分进行提取效果十分明显,具有常温提取有效成分,无因受热而产生的有效成分变性,提取得率高、提取液中的杂质少、提取时间短、节能等一系列优点,在纯度与提取率相同的条件下,提取时间由原来的至少1 h缩短为10 min。     

近5年可穿戴技术在中医方面的应用

社会人口老龄化使传统的“以医院为中心的医疗保健”模式逐渐发生改变,中医药在慢性病诊疗方面有得天独厚的优势,但是传统的中医四诊模式、依靠医生主观经验、只能采集静态数据等束缚了中医长足发展。近年来,中医药发展已上升至国家战略,中医药产业势必要寻求新科技相结合发展。随着微纳技术、柔性电子、电子皮肤、可植入芯片、3D打印技术的不断发展和日趋完善,可穿戴技术已广泛应用于医疗健康领域,实现了远程医疗。可穿戴技术在中医诊断、疗效评价、养生、经络诊疗、治未病等方面均表现出强大的应用潜力。未来,医生和工程师通力合作,多学科交叉融合,必将推动中医药健康事业的飞速发展。本文对近5年国内外可穿戴技术在中医药领域的应用进行综述。     

青光眼患者中MP-1微视野计与自动静态阈值视野计的对比研究

目的比较MP-1微视野计与自动静态阈值视野计（Humphrey750型）在青光眼中的应用，探讨两种检查手段的关系及二者的优缺点。方法将原发性青光眼患者56例（56眼），分别进行MP-1微视野计（意大利Nidek技术）检查及自动静态阈值视野计（Humphrey750型）检查，将检查结果分为上、下、鼻、颞、中心五个区域并相互对应，进行统计学分析。结果视野的平均光敏感度值（MS1）均比相应的微视野的平均光敏感度值（MS，）高，差值10．34±7．89dB，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；二者的平均光敏感度值具有显著的直线相关性（P〈0．01）。青光眼患者均为中心注视，相对稳定者占43％，相对不稳定者占57％。在7例Humphrey750型自动静态阈值视野计检查结果正常的患者中，有6例患者MP-1微视野计检查显示盲点扩大及上方或下方弓形区敏感度下降。在4例晚期青光眼患者中，用Humphrey750型自动静态阈值视野计未检查出视野范围，而在MP-1微视野计中可查出中心管状视野和／或颞侧视岛。结论MP-1微视野计的检查结果与自动静态阈值视野计检查结果一致；其可以作为青光眼患者的检查手段，准确评价患者视功能；亦可以更早地发现青光眼病理改变，所以在青光眼的诊断及视功能评价中，它将有更广阔的应用前景。     

Resolution of contradiction between in silico predictions and Ames test results for four pharmaceutically relevant impurities

The ICH M7 Guideline requires low level control of mutagenic impurities in pharmaceutical products to minimize cancer risk in patients (ICHM7, 2014). Bacterial mutagenicity (Ames) data is generally used to determine mutagenic and possible carcinogenic potential of compounds. Recently, a publication on experiences of using two in silico systems to identify potentially mutagenic impurities highlighted the importance of performing a critical review of published Ames data utilized as part of a mutagenicity assessment of impurities (Greene et al., 2015). Four compounds (2-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid, methyl 2-amino-4-chlorobenzoate and 4-morpholinopyridine) reported mutagenic were identified in a two system in silico assessment and expert review of the structuresas non-mutagenic. Likely reasons for mutagenicity could not be identified and the purity of the compounds tested was proposed. In the current investigation, the purest available sample of the four compounds was tested in an OECD-compliant Ames test. The compounds were all found to be non-mutagenic. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between previously reported and current results are discussed. Additionally, important points to consider when conducting an expert review of available Ames data are provided particularly in cases where reported Ames results are discrepant with a two system in silico assessment.     

乙醇浓度对提取保健食品中微胶囊化DHA含量的影响

通过调节亲水性溶剂乙醇使用量,考察乙醇浓度的变化对乙醚-石油醚提取微胶囊中DHA的影响,并对提取条件进行优化,使乙醚有效地提取脂肪,提高了微胶囊中DHA提取率。本提取方法与国标法的酸水解法(GB5009.6-85)和哥特里-罗紫法(GB/T5009.46-1996)比较,DHA的提取率提高了10%以上,本提取方法的回收率为97.0%-98.3%,且具有操作简便、不易出现乳化等优点。     

A guide to oral vaccination: Highlighting electrospraying as a promising manufacturing technique toward a successful oral vaccine development

Most vaccines approved by regulatory bodies are administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous injections and have shortcomings, such as the risk of needle-associated blood infections, pain and swelling at the injection site. Orally administered vaccines are of interest, as they elicit both systemic and mucosal immunities, in which mucosal immunity would neutralize the mucosa invading pathogen before the onset of an infection. Hence, oral vaccination can eliminate the injection associated adverse effects and enhance the person's compliance. Conventional approaches to manufacturing oral vaccines, such as coacervation, spray drying, and membrane emulsification, tend to alter the structural proteins in vaccines that result from high temperature, organic and toxic solvents during production. Electrohydrodynamic processes, specifically electrospraying, could solve these challenges, as it also modulates antigen release and has a high loading efficiency. This review will highlight the mucosal immunity and biological basis of the gastrointestinal immune system, different oral vaccine delivery approaches, and the application of electrospraying in vaccines development.     

早期胃癌的双对比造影诊断

目的 :研究早期胃癌双对比造影 ( DC) X线特征 ,以提高准确检出率。　方法 :分析 42例早期胃癌 (包括始发阶段小胃癌及微小胃癌 )患者 DC像与手术切除后标本病理进行对照比较。　结果 :龛影口部和表面结节状改变 ,周围无一定规律的粘膜纠集 ,胃壁毛糙、僵直、凹陷、双边、边缘毛刺征 ,微皱襞的破坏和粗糙、充盈缺损是早期胃癌的重要特征。　结论 :早期胃癌 DC特征典型 ,结合粘膜法、充盈法和压迫法与胃镜密切配合可有效地提高准确的检出率     

学术期刊微信传播著作权侵权风险分析与防范

【目的】 探讨学术期刊微信传播中的侵权问题,以引起学术期刊对微信传播侵权行为的重视。【方法】采用网络调查法和访谈法对学术期刊微信传播著作权侵权问题进行定性研究。【结果】 学术期刊微信传播的侵权风险主要来自于微信公众号论文推送以及资讯分享部分未经授权发布作品行为。而公众著作权保护意识淡薄、公众号面临的内容运营压力和微信作品侵权救济困难是学术期刊微信公众号侵权的主要原因。【结论】 专业团队集约化经营,建立版权联盟,微信运营商腾讯公司简化举报流程、加强微信抄袭的鉴定分析技术是有效规避学术期刊微信传播侵权风险的手段。