一种肌电控制假手的新型自适应增力机构

介绍一种用于肌电控制假手的新型自适应切换增力机构。对比现在国内外的各种假手增力机构，它不用超越离合器，因而更为简单、可靠、耐用。它不仅为广大的上肢残疾患者带来福音，也是康复器械上的一大革新     

肺癌病理类型的计算机鉴别诊断

肺癌的治疗方案与预后取决于肺癌的病理类型。本文按照概率型的数学模型──最大似然法，建立计算机鉴别肺癌病理类型的数学模型，用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编制诊断程序。结果表明该方法的诊断正确率高于临床，为肺癌病理类型的分类提供了一种简便、快捷、实用的方法。     

抗剪切力镍钛记忆合金髌骨爪的设计与临床应用

目的研制能够抗剪切力的镍钛记忆合金髌骨爪,用于髌骨骨折的治疗。方法利用镍钛记忆合金的生物特性和髌骨的解剖特征以及髌骨骨折后膝关节活动时骨折端受力情况,设计一种符合髌骨解剖学特征和同时具有抗张力和抗剪切力的形态记忆髌骨爪。临床应用髌骨骨折41例。平均随访2.1年。结果抗剪切力记忆合金髌骨爪能够起到有效的生物固定,将记忆应力加压于骨折端,形成三唯记忆接骨,防止因骨折端产生的剪切力而出现髌骨上下错位,保证了膝关节的正常活动。骨折平均愈合时间为1.8月,关节活动度正常。结论抗剪切力镍钛记忆合金髌骨爪是治疗髌骨单纯骨折的一种有效的技术和方法。     

The role of learning and coordination in strength training

Summary The central changes associated with a period of strength training have been investigated in a group of 32 young healthy volunteers. Subjects participated in one of three 12 week training programmes, which required different degrees of skill and coordination. Study 1 consisted of unilateral isometric training of the quadriceps with the contralateral leg acting as a control, the apparatus providing firm back support and a lap strap. In Study 2 training consisted of unilateral concentric leg-extension with back support and hand-grips. In Study 3 subjects performed bilateral leg-extension with no back support. Measurements of maximum voluntary isometric strength were made at 2–3 week intervals and a continual record was kept of the weights lifted in Studies 2 and 3. The largest increase in isometric force was seen for the trained leg in Study 1 (approximately 40%). There was no significant change in strength in the contralateral untrained leg. In Studies 2 and 3 there was a large increase in training weights (about 200%) associated with smaller increase in isometric force (15–20%). It is concluded that a large part of the improvement in the ability to lift weights was due to an increased ability to coordinate other muscle groups involved in the movement such as those used to stabilise the body. The importance of these findings for athletic training and rehabilitation is discussed.     

Chevron截骨术对外翻足关节接触特征影响的生物力学研究

目的 探究Chevron截骨术截骨远端外侧位移距离对外翻足关节接触特征的影响,为临床上选择合适的位移距离提供参考依据。方法 测量踝关节中立位状态下正常足、外翻足及外翻足Chevron截骨术截骨远端分别向外侧位移2.0、4.0、6.0 mm后前足、中足和后足各关节接触力、峰值压强和接触面积,并对结果进行分析。结果 与正常足相比,外翻足第1跖楔关节（t=-3.33, P=0.02）、跟骰关节（t=-2.74, P=0.03）和距下关节（后关节面）（t=-2.89, P=0.03）的接触力显著增高;外翻足距舟关节（t=-2.73, P=0.03）与跟骰关节（t=-2.74, P=0.03）的峰值压强显著增高;行Chevron截骨术后,随着截骨远端向外侧位移距离的增加,外翻足第1跖楔关节和跟骰关节的接触力逐渐减小;外翻足距舟关节和跟骰关节的峰值压强逐渐减小。结论 中度外翻足行Chevron截骨术后,当第1跖骨截骨远端向外侧位移6 mm时能有效恢复部分关节间力的分布,且能缓解部分关节局部应力集中现象。     

The effect on the bones of condensed phosphate when used as food additives: Its Importance in Relation to Preventive Medicine

Based on the fact that chemical products such as binding agents are produced by mixing three kinds of phosphates with different ratios, we mixed metaphosphate, polyphosphate and pyrophosphate. Each was made to Na-phosphate, K-phosphate, and Ca-phosphate and each was mixed with commercial feeds so that the content of P would be approximately 0.1, 0.15, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0%. The prepared pellets were given to ICR, CF # 1 and AKR strains of mice at 29 days of age for 680 days and observations were made through this experimental period at different stages. The observations were also carried out on the mice administered with the experimental feeds for 1.5 months from 9 to 10.5 months of age. The observations were compared with those of the control group at all times. As a result, plasma 1 α, 25 (OH)₂ D₃ and P levels were always significantly higher in the phosphate administered groups relative to the control. Urine P and Fe increased while urine Ca decreased in the phosphate-treated groups. The effect of phosphates on the bones was studied taking soft X-ray pictures of hind legs and applying microdensitometry to them. Through these observations we recognized thinning of the cortex of bones, reduction of marrow trabecules and development of osteophyte. Histological observations disclosed that changes in knee joint tissues were apparent; that is, a decrease in or an irregular loss of the number of cells in superficial, intermediate, and radial strata of the joint cartilage, proliferation of subchondral bone, and the development of osteophytes were noted. As for muscles, diameters of musclar fibers became smaller; in particular, type II fibers showed greater shrinkage. Regarding kidneys, swelling and atrophy of glomerular capillaries, proliferation of mesangial cells, nephroselerosis, swelling, thinning, and loss of tubular epithelium, interstitial tissue inflammation, development of cylindruria, and deposition of calcium were observed. All these changes seem to be a particularly advanced aspect of the changes which are more pronounced with increasing dose and age. These changes were found even in the group administered with the feed containing 0.1% phosphorus, and, these changes were dependent on the concentration level of P. It was observed that administration to older subjects for a short term (1.5 months) produced effects stronger than those to younger subjects administered for a long term (10.5 months). The effects of condensed Ca-phosphate on bones were similar to those of condensed Na- and K-phosphates, and, hence, it was supposed that these effects were caused by phosphate radicals. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Controlled Release of Theophylline Monohydrate from Amylodextrin Tablets: In Vitro Observations

Amylodextrin is a linear dextrin and can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the -1,6 glycosidic bonds of amylopectin. Tablets compacted from pure amylodextrin showed good binding properties and did not disintegrate in aqueous media. Extended and decreasing drug release rates were found for tablets of 300 mg with a diameter of 9 mm containing 70% amylodextrin and 30% theophylline monohydrate, when compacted at 5 kN. Almost-constant drug release rates were obtained for these tablets when compacted at 10 or 15 kN. Nearly constant drug release rates were also shown for amylodextrin tablets with a drug load up to 75% compacted at 10 kN. Both release rate and release profile could be adjusted by selecting tablet thickness and incorporation of either lactose as a highly soluble excipient or talc as a hydrophobic excipient.     

变温实验中冷和热刺激反应强度的差异

目的　了解变温实验检查中冷和热刺激对患者反应强度变化有无影响。方法　应用眼震电图仪和冷热刺激仪对 12 0例有眩晕症状的患者进行冷热实验检查 ,观察他们在不同温度刺激下眼震的最大慢相角速度。结果　单热刺激以及先冷后热刺激中的热刺激引起的患者眼震的最大慢相角速度较冷刺激组明显大 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　变温实验中患者对热刺激的反应强度要较冷刺激强     

Diagnoses of brown recluse spider bites (loxoscelism) greatly outnumber actual verifications of the spider in four western American states.

We attempt to demonstrate that physicians overdiagnose loxoscelism (colloquially known as 'brown recluse spider bites') by comparing the numbers of such diagnoses to the historically known numbers of Loxosceles spiders from the same areas in four western American states. The medical community from non-endemic Loxosceles areas often makes loxoscelism diagnoses solely on the basis of dermonecrotic lesions where Loxosceles spiders are rare or non-existent. If these diagnoses were correct then Loxosceles populations should be evident, specimens should readily be collected over the years and there should be a reasonable correlation between diagnoses and spider specimens. In 41 months of data collection, we were informed of 216 loxoscelism diagnoses from California, Oregon, Washington and Colorado. In contrast, from these four states, we can only find historical evidence of 35 brown recluse or Mediterranean recluse spiders. There is no consistency between localities of known Loxosceles populations and loxoscelism diagnoses. There are many conditions of diverse etiology that manifest in dermonecrosis. In the western United States, physician familiarity with these conditions will lead to more accurate diagnoses and subsequent proper remedy.     

PNS单体Rb_l对豚鼠心脏乳头肌动作电位和收缩力的影响

目的 :了解PNS单体Rbl对豚鼠心脏乳头肌动作电位和收缩力的影响。方法 :运用带有动作电位和收缩力分析软件控制的细胞内微电极技术 ,研究了三七皂苷 (PNS)单体Rbl对豚鼠正常心脏乳头肌动作电位 (AP)各特征参数及收缩力 (FC)的影响。结果 :Rb1 1 0～ 30 μmol·L- 1 分别使APD 2 0 ,APD 90明显缩短 ,FC显著下降 (P<0 .0 1 ,n =5) ,并可降低高钾诱发的豚鼠乳头肌慢反应动作电位的动作电位幅值 (APA)及零相最大上升速率(Vmax) (P <0 .0 5 ,n =5)。但对静息电位 (RP) ,APA ,Vmax及AP的超射值 (OS)无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 ,n =5)。另外 ,Rbl可浓度依赖性地抑制乳头肌收缩力 (FC) ,RP ,APA不随Rbl剂量增加而产生明显变化 ,呈典型的兴奋 收缩脱藕联。结论 :其效应可能通过阻滞钙通道而产生