Evaluation and quantification of geographical differences in wound complication rates following the extended lateral approach in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures – A systematic review of the literature

IntroductionCalcaneal fracture surgery is often performed via the extended lateral approach (ELA). Large differences are reported in literature on wound complication rates. Aim was to perform a systematic review on reported postoperative wound complication (POWC) and postoperative wound infection (POWI) rates following the ELA and evaluate and quantify geographical differences.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and Cochrane Library. Studies before 2000, with <10 patients, biomechanical studies and reviews were excluded. No restrictions regarding language were applied.Results3068 articles were identified of which 123 were included, with 8584 calcaneal fractures in 28 different countries. The average total number of POWC was 14.3%, with 3.8% of superficial and 2.2% of deep infections. The highest POWI rate was found in Europe (12.1%) and the lowest in North America (2.8%). A significant difference in incidence of deep POWI between continents was detected (median 0–3.8%). No differences were found in incidence of POWC and POWI between retro- and prospective studies (respectively p = 0.970, p = 0.748) or studies with <10 or ≥10 operations per year (respectively p = 0.326, p = 0.378). However, lower rates of POWI were found in studies with a follow up of >3 months (p = 0.01).ConclusionLarge differences were detected in incidence of POWC and POWI following calcaneal fracture surgery with the ELA between countries and continents. We did not find a lower POWC or POWI rate in retrospective studies compared to prospective studies, larger studies or in studies in which more patients were treated annually. However, the rate of POWI was significantly lower in studies with a follow up of >3 months. We advise the use of a reliable postoperative complication registration system and uniformity in the use of standardized definitions of wound complications for calcaneal fracture surgery.     

Lateral soft‐tissue structures contribute to cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty stability

Little information is available to surgeons regarding how the lateral structures prevent instability in the replaced knee. The aim of this study was to quantify the lateral soft‐tissue contributions to stability following cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty (CR TKA). Nine cadaveric knees were tested in a robotic system at full extension, 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion angles. In both native and CR implanted states, ±90 N anterior–posterior force, ±8 Nm varus–valgus, and ±5 Nm internal–external torque were applied. The anterolateral structures (ALS, including the iliotibial band), the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), the popliteus tendon complex (Pop T), and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were transected and their relative contributions to stabilizing the applied loads were quantified. The LCL was found to be the primary restraint to varus laxity (an average 56% across all flexion angles), and was significant in internal–external rotational stability (28% and 26%, respectively) and anterior drawer (16%). The ALS restrained 25% of internal rotation, while the PCL was significant in posterior drawer only at 60° and 90° flexion. The Pop T was not found to be significant in any tests. Therefore, the LCL was confirmed as the major lateral structure in CR TKA stability throughout the arc of flexion and deficiency could present a complex rotational laxity that cannot be overcome by the other passive lateral structures or the PCL. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1902–1909, 2017.

     

Computer navigation assisted fixation in neglected C2-C3 dislocation in an adult

A 49-year-old male presented with neck pain and deformity following an industrial accident sustained two months back. His neurology was normal except for a minimal weakness in left biceps (grade 4/5). Radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic scan revealed fracture dislocation of C2-C3 with significant lateral translation of C2 over C3 without disc herniation. In view of unsuccessful closed reduction and absent disc herniation at the level of dislocation, a posterior only reduction, stabilisation and fusion with Iso-C 3D computer navigation-assisted cervical pedicle screw fixation with transverse rod-screw construct was performed. At 6 months followup the patient was completely relieved of his symptoms and was able to return to his previous occupation. The rare case is reported for the management by Iso-C 3D computer navigation assisted cervical pedicle screw fixation and reduction with transverse rod-screw construct at each involved level.     

Periprosthetic fracture of the proximal tibia after lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

We report a case of periprosthetic fracture of the proximal tibia after lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty following a trivial fall. At the time of surgery, the components were found to be loose; and there was a large uncontained tibial defect with bone loss and communition at the fracture site. The patient was treated by revision total knee arthroplasty and proximal structural tibial allograft, with a satisfactory result at 5-year follow up. Our case illustrates that a bone-conserving unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, if complicated by a periprosthetic fracture, can also present with a difficult surgical problem. Attention to preoperative planning and to availability of structural allograft for such difficult cases is recommended.     

广泛椎板切除侧块钢板治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨后路广泛椎板切除、侧块钢板内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的效果。方法39例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者采用后路广泛椎板切除、侧块钢板内固定术。结果随访6-54个月,术前JOA评分为（9.5±1.75）分、术后为（12.98±2.96）分,差异有显著性（P〈0.001）。疗效评定采用JOA标准评定：优19例,良9例,一般7例,差4例。术后改善率30.4%-85.7%,平均69.2%±7.8%。结论颈后路广泛椎板切除、侧块钢板固定术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病较理想的治疗方法。     

前臂外侧皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣的临床应用

目的报道前臂外侧皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣的临床应用疗效。方法根据前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣血供来源及其与前臂筋膜皮肤血供的相互关系，在前臂外侧设计皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣，转位修复手部、腕部及前臂远端软组织缺损19例。结果术后皮瓣完全成活，创面一期愈合，经3～30个月随访，皮瓣外形与手部功能恢复满意。结论前臂外侧皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣解剖位置恒定，血液供应良好，手术方法简单，适用于修复手部、前臂软组织的缺损。     

Biliary complications in right lateral sector graft live donor liver transplantation.

Biliary complications remain the most challenging issue in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on the biliary complications in LDLT with right lateral sector graft (RLSG), a graft consisting of segments VI and VII according to Couinaud's nomenclature for liver segmentation. Between January 1996 and October 2006, 310 LDLTs were performed for adult recipients at our institution. Among them, 20 patients received RLSG. The incidence of biliary complications during follow-up in these patients with RLSG was retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up period after transplantation ranged from 1 to 87 months (median 58 months). The 3-year and 5-year graft survival rates following the use of RLSGs in LDLT were 90% and 90%, respectively. Biliary complications were encountered in altogether nine patients. Two patients (10%) were complicated with bile leakage requiring surgical intervention. Seven patients (35%) were complicated with bile duct stenosis, which occurred with a median interval of 26 months (range: 6-51 months) after LDLT. Four were treated surgically and the other three were treated by endoscopic approach. Outcomes of the interventions were satisfactory in all cases. The incidence and severity of biliary complications after LDLT using RLSG was within an acceptable range with excellent graft survival. Accordingly, it is concluded that RLSG is a technically feasible option that may effectively expand the donor pool. Further application of RLSG is warranted.     

幼龄犬的上颌骨延长

目的 探讨利用牵开成骨技术在幼儿发育期对发育不良的上颌骨进行诱导外科正颌的可能性,牵开成骨是否有碍幼儿上颌骨的继续生长发育。方法 4－6月龄杂种犬13只,行一侧上颌前部根尖下截骨,外置延长器固定,于1周后,按0．5－1mm/d的速度用延长装置牵开,牵开至10－20mm时,固定4－6周,卸下延长器,于术日,牵开前,牵开期间,固定期间定期摄X线片,分批处死动物,行咬合关系变化,三维立体测量及组织学等观察,结果 术侧有确切的延长效果,咬合关系发生变化,延长段经膜内成骨逐渐演谈正常骨组织,术侧的上颌骨除延长段外,生长发育基本与未术侧同步。结论 于颅面生长发育期的幼龄犬行 开成骨,进行诱导外科正颌治疗是有效的,且不致影响其继续生长发育。     

股前外侧（肌）皮瓣交腿修复胫前大面积软组织缺损

目的寻求一种对胫前区大片软组织缺损修复的手术新方法,降低截肢率.方法对10例胫前严重的开放性损伤伴大面积软组织缺损病例,采用股前外侧(肌)皮瓣交腿血管吻合移植方法,移植皮瓣12×8～28×15cm2,随访6个月-5年.结果除2例,皮瓣边缘部分坏死外,其余8例皆一期愈合,外形、功能满意.结论交腿皮瓣移植术可降低某些小腿严重开放性创伤的伤残率.     

腹腔镜肾上腺切除术三种入路途径的临床比较

目的比较腹腔镜肾上腺切除术三种手术入路途径的临床效果,探讨适宜的手术入路途径.方法86例接受腹腔镜肾上腺切除术.采用三种不同的手术入路途径(经腹腔前入路即TAA,腹膜后侧入路即RLA,腹膜后腰入路即RPA).结果通过RPA及RLA途径完成手术,时间短于TAA(P＜0.01).在RLA和RPA中输血量少于TAA.在TAA,住院时间明显长于在RPA和RLA.在并发症发生率和中转开放手术率方面,TAA明显高于RPA和RLA.在RPA和RLA,中转开放手术经常是由于胸膜撕裂,特别在右侧;而在TAA经常是由于内脏损伤.结论后腹膜入路更加适于腹腔镜肾上腺切除术.