上颌中切牙埋伏阻生的临床分析

目的 分析上颌中切牙埋伏阻生的发病率、病因及治疗结果,以期对临床治疗有所帮助.方法 随机抽取的1000例患者中确诊29例为上颌中切牙埋伏阻生,年龄为7～23岁,平均11.1岁.埋伏牙总数32枚,骨内埋伏有22枚,骨外埋伏10枚.对临床发病率、病因、埋伏阻生的位置和方向以及临床治疗方法和结果等方面进行回顾性研究.结果 男性发病率小于女性,男∶女为1.0∶ 1.2,骨内埋伏阻生与骨外之比为11∶5.有65％的患者存在上颌中切牙萌出间隙不足,但是属于中重度拥挤的仅占15％.埋伏牙自身形态和位置异常的发病率高达71％.临床治疗方法主要有手术+正畸牵引导萌术、自体牙移植以及拔除阻生牙.结论 上颌中切牙埋伏阻生主要发病原因是牙齿形态和位置异常所致.通过正确的诊断和治疗后,大部分埋伏阻生的恒上颌中切牙治疗结果及预后良好.     

改良垂直曲治疗唇侧近中阻生尖牙的效果评价

目的:评价改良垂直曲矫治唇侧近中阻生尖牙的效果.方法:选取2011-2014年就诊于西宁市第一人民医院口腔正畸科的单侧唇侧近中尖牙阻生患者5例,采用改良垂直曲进行正畸矫治.结果:5颗唇侧近中阻生尖牙平均牵引时间13.6个月,均成功纳入牙弓并建(牙合).结论:采用改良垂直曲治疗唇侧近中阻生尖牙,可取得良好的效果.     

微种植钉牵引水平阻生下颌第三磨牙后拔除1例

水平低位阻生下颌第三磨牙常与下牙槽神经毗邻,直接拔除创伤较大,易出现各种并发症,最严重的就是下牙槽神经损伤.该文报告1例接触下颌神经管的低位水平阻生第三磨牙通过微种植钉牵引,使其远离下颌神经管后顺利拔除.     

Vertical eruption patterns of impacted mandibular third molars after the mesialization of second molars using miniscrews

Objective:To investigate (1) whether vertical eruption of impacted third molars improves after mesialization of second molars and (2) what factors affect the vertical eruption of impacted third molars when space caused by missing molars is successfully closed by mesialization of the second molar using miniscrews.Materials and Methods:The treatment group (Group 1) included 52 patients who had (1) missing mandibular first molars (ML-6) or missing deciduous mandibular second molars (ML-E), (2) initially impacted mandibular third molars, and (3) successful space closure of the edentulous area with orthodontics. Panoramic radiographs at start of treatment (T1) and at time of space closure (T2) were collected. The control group (Group 2) included 46 nonedentulous patients with impacted mandibular third molars without molar protraction treatment. Panoramic radiographs with similar T1/T2 treatment times were selected. Nine measurements were obtained regarding horizontal available space, vertical eruption, and third molar angulation.Results:Third molars erupted vertically an average of 2.54 mm in Group 1 compared with 0.41 mm in Group 2. Age, gender, Nolla stage, and angle of the third molars did not show significant correlations with the vertical change of the impacted third molars, whereas the depth of third molar impaction and available space showed significant correlations.Conclusions:Impacted mandibular third molars vertically erupt as a result of uprighting with mesialization of the second molar, and vertical eruption is affected by the initial vertical location of impacted third molars and available space.     

Progression of a Fracture Site Impaction as a Prognostic Indicator of Impacted Femoral Neck Fracture Treated with Multiple Pinning

Background

We evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of impacted femoral neck fractures treated with multiple pinning and determined the influence of the progression of impaction at the fracture site on clinical outcome.

Methods

There were 34 patients with a mean age of 65.5 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years. Progression of fracture site impaction was measured using an articulo-trochanteric distance index and the percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between follow-up intervals. The failure of treatment was clarified as non-union and avascular necrosis. Other characteristics of the patients, including mean waiting time for surgery, preoperative Singh index score, and body mass index, were also measured to evaluate the influence on the clinical outcome of surgery.

Results

There were 6 fractures which were not treated successfully (3 non-union, 8.8% and 3 avascular necrosis, 8.8%). The mean percentage decrease of the articulo-trochanteric distance index within the first 6 weeks after surgery was 4.5% in the successful group and 25.1% in the failure group (p < 0.001). There was also a significant mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between 6 weeks and 3 months (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Primary stabilization with Knowles pins for impacted femoral neck fractures had a reasonable clinical outcome with low morbidity. Despite a significant difference of a mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between the successful group and the failure group, we could not verify it as a risk factor for failure of treatment because the odds ratio was not statistically significant.     

骨组织工程支架材料充填下颌阻生智牙拔牙窝的临床效果

目的:探讨下颌阻生智牙拔除后,用骨组织工程支架材料充填拔牙窝,修复第二磨牙远中牙槽骨高度的临床效果。方法:13例患者在阻生智牙拔除后,即刻植入组织工程骨微粒(小牛无机松质骨Bio-oss、倍骼生PerioGlasfi)于牙槽窝内,术后定期随访,并从临床和X线影像检查比较术后1、12周时,第二磨牙远中牙龈附着水平和牙槽嵴高度的变化。采用SPSS10.0软件包对数据进行配对样本t检验。结果:所有患者术后未出现并发症,术后12周时,第二磨牙远中牙槽嵴高度显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:下颌阻生智牙拔除术后即刻植入组织工程骨支架材料,有利于保持第二磨牙远中牙槽嵴的高度。     

锥形束CT在治疗上颌前牙区埋伏牙中的应用

目的:探讨锥形束CT(CBCT)在治疗上颌前牙区埋伏牙中的临床应用价值。方法:收集我院2009—2010年经普通X线片确定有埋伏牙,但不易具体定位的患者11例,进行CBCT扫描和三维重建,确定埋伏牙在颌骨内的具体位置。结果:经CBCT扫描、三维重建后,所有患者均可直观再现埋伏牙的形态、数目、在颌骨中的具体位置和发育情况。11例患者共16颗埋伏牙,其中既有埋伏阻生牙又有埋伏多生牙,3例(4颗)为埋伏多生牙,1例有2颗埋伏牙;2例为倒置埋伏,2例为水平埋伏,3例为垂直埋伏,4例为斜位埋伏。根据CBCT结果制订治疗方案,获得满意的治疗效果。结论:CBCT三维重建对于上颌前牙区埋伏牙治疗方案的设计及实施具有重要意义。     

CT三维重建在口腔埋伏牙定位中的临床应用

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维重建用于埋伏牙定位的临床效果。方法：对28例埋伏牙患者应用三维螺旋CT的图像处理功能,采用表面遮盖法（SSD）、多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）获得牙体表面立体图像。结果：螺旋CT三维重建能清楚显示埋伏牙的形态、唇腭向位置、萌出方向及与邻牙的关系。结论：螺旋CT三维重建是一种能展示牙体表面立体形态影像的新技术,对埋伏牙的定性、定位准确,弥补了传统X线片及二位CT的不足,可作为骨内埋伏牙外科处理和正畸治疗的检查手段。