Identification of oral bacterial species associated with halitosis

BACKGROUND: The authors examined the tongue bacteria associated with oral halitosis (bad breath originating from the oral cavity), focusing on noncultivable bacteria-bacteria that cannot be identified by bacterial culture techniques. METHODS: The authors took samples from the dorsal tongue surface of eight adult subjects with halitosis and five control subjects who did not have halitosis. They identified the bacteria in these samples by using both anaerobic culture and direct amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA, a method that can identify both cultivable and noncultivable microorganisms. They analyzed the resulting microbiological data using chi(2) and correlation coefficient tests. RESULTS: Clinical measures of halitosis were correlated highly with each other and with tongue coating scores. Of 4,088 isolates and phylotypes identified from the 13 subjects, 32 species including 13 noncultivable species were found only in subjects with halitosis. Solobacterium moorei was present in all subjects with halitosis but not in any control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with halitosis harbor some bacterial species on their dorsal tongue surfaces that are distinct from bacterial species found in control subjects. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that halitosis has a microbial etiology. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Like other oral diseases with microbial etiology, halitosis may be amenable to specific and nonspecific antimicrobial therapy targeted toward the bacteria associated with it.     

一枝黄花含漱液防治全麻术后口臭的效果观察

目的探讨一枝黄花含漱液行口腔护理减少全麻术后患者发生口臭的可行性,提高患者的生活质量。方法采用随机抽样法将80例全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者分成两组,每组40例。观察组采用一枝黄花含漱液进行口腔护理;对照组采用0．9％生理盐水进行常规口腔护理。比较两组患者口臭发生情况。结果观察组的口臭发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论一枝黄花含漱液行口腔护理可明显降低全麻术后患者口臭的发生。     

口臭与胃肠道疾病和口腔疾病的相关性研究

目的：研究口臭与胃幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacterpylori,Hp）感染、胃肠道疾病及口腔疾病的相关性。方法：采用13C尿素呼气试验检测9280例健康体检者,第1组2876例有胃肠道疾病无口腔疾病组,第2组2615例有胃肠道疾病有口腔疾病组,第3组1210例有口腔疾病无胃肠道疾病组,第4组2579例无胃肠道疾病无口腔疾病组,分别比较口臭的发生率与胃Hp阳性检出率,口臭者记录失眠、便秘等生活习惯。研究其相关性。结果：在9280例中口臭阳性率为9.84%,胃Hp感染阳性率为47.83%;口臭者913例中胃Hp感染阳性率为65.52%,口臭阳性率与胃Hp感染阳性率、胃肠道疾病和口腔疾病相关,且第1、2、3组口臭和胃Hp阳性检出率均高于第4组,均具有统计学意义,第1组与第2组差异无显著性。口臭者中失眠、便秘发生率分别为41.52%、33.57%。结论：口臭与Hp感染、胃肠道疾病和口腔疾病密切相关,Hp与胃肠道疾病密切相关,Hp与口腔疾病具有一定的相关性。口臭者失眠、便秘发生率较高。     

口臭患者14C呼气试验检测的结果分析

目的探讨口臭与幽门螺旋杆菌及其它因素的关系。方法对59名正常组、50例单纯口臭组患者、56例口臭伴消化道疾病组患者14C呼气试验的结果进行分析。结果分析结果表明,口臭伴消化道疾病组14C呼气试验含量明显高于单纯口臭组和正常组(P0.05),阳性率也明显高于单纯口臭组和正常组(P0.05)。结论幽门螺旋杆菌感染是口臭的重要原因,但不是唯一原因。     

口臭与主要产臭菌的相关性分析

目的分析口臭与主要产臭菌的相关性.方法选择口臭患者29名,用鼻闻法确定口臭的来源和部位,使用口气测量仪测量口腔中挥发性硫化物(volatile sulfur compounds,VSCs)的浓度;分别从产臭牙周袋、舌苔和唾液中采集标本,进行厌氧培养,并进行菌落计数.结果VSCs水平与龈下菌斑中的厌氧菌总数明显正相关(P＜0.01),与龈下菌斑中产黑菌数(black-pigment bacteria,BPB)和具核梭杆菌数(Fusobacterium nucleatum,FN)也相关(P＜0.05),舌苔上的厌氧菌总数、产黑菌和具核梭杆菌与VSCs水平呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论牙周病和大量舌苔可能是引起口臭的主要原因,而细菌(主要包括产黑菌和具核梭杆菌)在口臭的形成中起重要作用.     

北京地区公众对口臭认知水平分析

目的了解北京地区公众对口臭的认知水平。方法随机抽取北京地区266人进行关于口臭知识的问卷调查。结果52．8％的人自己有过口臭的经历,近90％的人受到过口臭的困扰;50％以上人认为口臭是“上火”或“胃肠不好”引起,认为口臭与口腔因素有关占31．5％;一半以上的人选择漱口水或牙膏治疗口臭;刷舌和使用牙线的人很少,每周使用1次或多于1次的仅为12．0％和3．1％。结论口臭是经常困扰人们社会交往的问题;北京地区公众对口臭的认知主要基于传统观念,大部分人不清楚口腔疾病与口臭的关系。     

Knowledge and perception of parents regarding halitosis in their children in Saudi Arabia

ObjectiveTo evaluate parents’ knowledge about halitosis, and to compare parents’ perception of halitosis in their children to the presence of halitosis clinically.MethodsChildren between 3 and 8 years attended to Dental University Hospital, King Saud University, were screened. Children satisfying inclusion criteria and their parents agreed to participate were included. Questionnaires regarding parents’ knowledge and perception about halitosis in their children were filled by attending parents. Then, the assessment of halitosis in the participating children carried out by portable gas chromatograph device (OralChroma^TM).ResultsA total of 67 children (44 girls and 23 boys) were included in this study with a mean age of 5.3 years (SD = 1.7). The majority of the questionnaires (n = 44, 65.7%) were filled by accompanying fathers. One in two (52.2%) parents obtained high knowledge score about halitosis. Parents’ knowledge was significantly associated with the mean age of the children (P = 0.02). Thirty-nine (58.2%) parents perceived halitosis in their children. Gender, child’s age, parents’ education level, or family income were not associated with parents’ perception of halitosis. Halitosis was detected clinically in 58 children (86.6%). Thirty-eight (57%) of parents’ perception of halitosis was in consistency with OralChroma^TM readings; however, there was no significant association between parents’ perception and the OralChroma^TM score.ConclusionHalf of the parents had good knowledge about halitosis and 6 in 10 parents perceived halitosis in their children which is quite less than the presence of halitosis detected clinically. Moreover, parents’ perception was not associated with the OralChroma^TM score.     

中药口腔护理液在危重患者中的应用效果

【摘要】 目的 观察医院自制中药口腔护理液用于危重患者的临床效果。方法 观察组采用医院自制的中药口腔护理液,对照组使用生理盐水,观察护理前后两组患者口腔pH值、口臭改善程度、口腔粘膜感染率以及患者的满意度。结果 观察组总满意率为785%,对照组438%;观察组口臭改善率为90%,对照组为70%,差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）;两组患者在干预前口腔pH值无统计学意义,干预后观察组pH值改变,差异有统计学意义（P＜005）;观察组口腔粘膜感染率为10%低于对照组的333%,差异有统计学意义。结论 在口腔护理中,运用中药口腔护理液能够改善危重患者口腔pH值及口臭症状,降低危重病口腔粘膜感染率和增加患者的满意度,可在临床推广应用。     

唾液中尸胺水平与口源性口臭的相关研究

目的:建立高效液相色谱测定唾液尸胺含量的方法,探讨唾液尸胺水平与口臭鼻测法结果的相关性。方法:56例实验对象的唾液经纯化,以DiamonsilC18柱为反相色谱柱,用1,6-己二胺为内标,流动相由A液(甲醇)和B液(水∶磷酸∶三乙胺=360∶9∶6)组成,检测波长为231nm,流速1ml/min。口臭鼻测法使用0～5级评分标准,由2位嗅辨员独立完成,以鼻测法均值为应变量,唾液尸胺浓度为自变量,使用SPSS11.0软件包进行Pearson相关分析。结果:尸胺在5～80nmol/ml范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9985),本法回收率为91.5%,精密度为6.93%;唾液尸胺浓度与鼻测法结果呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:唾液中尸胺的形成和口臭有一定联系,高效液相色谱法测定唾液尸胺浓度在口臭临床诊断方面具有实用价值。     

螺旋体与牙龈卟啉单胞菌在口臭形成中的作用

目的　评价螺旋体和牙龈卟啉单胞菌各自在产生挥发性硫化物 (volatilesulfurcompounds,VSCs) ,形成口臭中的作用。 方法　对 117例牙周炎患者 ,用鼻闻法评价口臭值(organolepticrating ,OR)后分成口臭组 85例 ,无口臭组 32例 ,用口臭测量仪测量口气中VSCs水平 ,刚果红负性染色法检测舌苔和龈下菌斑中螺旋体的百分比 (S % ) ,间接免疫荧光法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌 (Porphyromonusgingivalis ,Pg)。口臭组 4 6例在牙周基础治疗后重复以上检查。结果　口臭组探诊深度 (probingdepth ,PD) <4mm位点S %明显高于无口臭组 (P <0 0 1) ,而舌苔与PD≥ 4mm位点的S %、舌苔与龈下菌斑中的Pg均无差异。口臭组OR、VSCs水平与舌苔及PD <4mm位点S %正相关 ,与PD≥ 4mm位点的S %无关 ;OR值与PD≥ 4mm位点的Pg呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与舌苔及PD <4mm位点的Pg无关 ,而VSCs与 3个部位的Pg均无关系 ;牙周治疗后OR和VSCs水平明显降低 ,舌苔中的S %、龈下菌斑中的S %及Pg均明显下降 (P <0 0 1)。结论　螺旋体是与VSCs及口臭的产生有关的口腔微生物之一 ,牙周治疗可以改善口臭