跨腕关节支撑钢板与外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床研究

目的比较跨腕关节支撑钢板与外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法对自2007年7月~2010年6月收治的57例闭合性桡骨远端粉碎骨折(AO C2、C3型)采用跨腕关节钢板和外固定架进行治疗。结果术后12个月随访,两组桡骨茎突长度无统计学差异(P>0.05),关节面台阶有统计学差异(P<0.05)。术后6、12个月随访时,两组间旋前、旋后、掌屈、背伸活动范围比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。根据Jakim评分标准,两组优良率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。外固定架组并发症发生率显著高于钢板组(P<0.05)。结论①跨腕关节钢板和外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎骨折,骨折复位情况和临床治疗效果相当;②跨腕关节钢板固定手术创伤较大,但稳定性好,并发症较少;③跨腕关节钢板和外固定架结合克氏针固定后,可减少术后碎骨块再移位的可能性;④跨腕关节钢板固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,骨折复位好,能保持骨折部的撑开以维持桡骨长度,防止短缩,可以取得较好的疗效。     

改良骨牵张结合非主干血管带蒂皮瓣移植治疗感染性胫骨缺损

目的探讨带蒂非主干血管皮瓣移植结合环形外固定支架改良截骨牵张对外伤导致的胫骨感染性骨缺损合并皮肤缺损临床治疗效果。方法创面彻底清创,切取带蒂非主干血管皮瓣转移修复软组织缺损,应用环形外固定支架加压固定胫骨缺损端,在胫骨近端横行截骨,术后第7天开始延长,每天延长1mm,分2次完成,直至恢复胫骨正常长度。结果2005年09月—2009年12月,治疗的22例患者均手术顺利,骨感染得到有效控制,术后随访6个月至3年,创面一期修复,骨愈合良好,感染未再复发。患肢经延长后恢复到正常长度,2例患者因跟腱挛缩轻度足下垂。结论改良胫骨截骨骨延长结合非主干血管带蒂皮瓣移植治疗外伤导致的骨感染性缺损合并皮肤缺损效果良好。     

Virtual reality for acute pain reduction in adolescents undergoing burn wound care: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Background

Effective pain management remains a challenge for adolescents during conscious burn wound care procedures. Virtual reality (VR) shows promise as a non-pharmacological adjunct in reducing pain.

Aims

This study assessed off-the-shelf VR for (1) its effect on reducing acute pain intensity during adolescent burn wound care, and (2) its clinical utility in a busy hospital setting.

Methods

Forty-one adolescents (11–17 years) participated in this prospective randomized controlled trial. Acute pain outcomes including adolescent self-report, nursing staff behavioral observation, caregiver observation and physiological measures were collected. Length of procedure times and adolescent reactions were also recorded to inform clinical utility.

Results

Nursing staff reported a statistically significant reduction in pain scores during dressing removal, and significantly less rescue doses of Entonox given to those receiving VR, compared to those receiving standard distraction. For all other pain outcomes and length of treatment, there was a trend for lower pain scores and treatment times for those receiving VR, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Despite only minimal pain reduction achieved using off-the-shelf VR, other results from this trial and previous research on younger children with burns suggest a customized, adolescent and hospital friendly device may be more effective in pain reduction.     

The Effect of Music-Moving Toys to Reduce Fear and Anxiety in Preschool Children Undergoing Intravenous Insertion in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IntroductionIntravenous catheter insertion is a highly invasive medical procedure that causes fear and anxiety in children. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a toy (with music and movement) distraction method on fear and anxiety in children aged 4 to 6 years.MethodsThis experimental, randomized clinical trial used parallel trial design guided by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist. Using simple randomization, eligible children (age 4-6; N = 60) were assigned to the intervention group (n = 30), who received the toy distraction method, or to the control group (n = 30), who received standard care. The Children’s Fear Scale was used to evaluate the fear levels, and Children’s State Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate anxiety levels. Physiological parameters (pulse, oxygen saturation) and crying time were monitored by the researcher as indicators of fear and anxiety. The chi-square test, repeated measures analysis of variance, Friedman test, t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, and the intraclass correlation test were used for data analysis.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in terms of fear and anxiety scores, physiological parameters, and crying time during the procedure between the children in the intervention and control group.DiscussionWe found that this method of toy distraction was not effective in reducing fear or anxiety during the intravenous catheter insertion procedure. Accordingly, we recommend that this distraction method be performed in different age groups and with larger samples in various painful and stressful practices in the future and that comparison be made with various distraction methods.     

Effect of nerve growth factor and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of distracted inferior alveolar nerve following mandibular lengthening

To study the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF) and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of theinferior alveolar nerve following mandibular lengtheningwith distraction osteogenesis.     

骨形态发生蛋白2基因治疗与缓释载体修复骨缺损的比较研究

[目的]比较骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP-2）基因治疗与生长因子缓释方法修复节段性骨缺损效果。[方法]于兔双侧桡骨中段造成1．5cm骨缺损，采用4种方法修复：A组植入转基因骨髓间质干细胞（MSCs）与PLA／PCL（聚乳酸／聚己内酯）支架的复合物；B组植入单纯MSCs与含重组BMP-2的PLA／PCL缓释载体的复合物；C组植入单纯MSCs与PLA／PCL复合物；D组植入单纯PLA／PCL。术后4、8、12周行X线、组织学、生物力学和骨密度等检测，[结果]A组体内植入4周后，成骨细胞和间质细胞呈BMP-2强阳性表达；其成骨速度及成骨质量均明显优于B组，12周时骨缺损完全修复、C组成骨能力较弱，而D组则无新骨形成，残留骨缺损。[结论]BMP-2基因治疗是修复节段性骨缺损的好方法。     

HEART RATE, SKIN RESISTANCE, AND REACTION TIME OF MONGOLOID AND NORMAL CHILDREN UNDER BASELINE AND DISTRACTION CONDITIONS

Reaction time, body movement, heart rate, and skin resistance of Mongoloid and “normal” control children were evaluated under baseline and distraction conditions. Relative to controls, Mongoloids demonstrated (1) slower reaction time under both conditions, (2) a reduced skin resistance response and fewer heart rate fluctuations during the baseline period, and (3) fewer skin resistance fluctuations during the distraction condition. Furthermore, skin resistance fluctuations were negatively correlated with reaction time, and heart rate fluctuations, although not significant, were in the same direction. These findings offer some support for the theoretical assertions of Lacey and Lacey (1958) that spontaneous activity is related to motor impulsivity, cortical activity, and general skeletal-motor functions. Body movement was negatively related to these measures of spontaneous activity and thus cannot be invoked as an explanation for the findings.     

Effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine on behavioural habituation in the rat.

The processes involved in habituation and the various ways drugs might affect habituation are discussed. Exploration was measured in a holehoard and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT, 4 mg/kg) profoundly reduced the level of exploration, precluding any conclusions about the rate of habituation with this dose. However, both 2 and 4 mg/kg doses prevented the 24-hr retention of habituation of exploration. DMT (2 and 4 mg/kg) did not reduce the initial distraction to a tone stimulus, but the rate of habituation and its 24-hr retention was impaired.     

Late-onset spinal deformities in children treated by laminectomy and radiation therapy for malignant tumours

This is a retrospective study of 76 children who had had malignant tumours treated with laminectomy or laminoplasty and/or radiation therapy affecting the spine. Spinal tumours in children are extremely rare. However, their treatment can result in progressive spinal deformity. Radiation therapy affecting the growing spine can lead to asymmetric vertebral growth, causing kyphosis and/or scoliosis. These spinal deformities pose one of the most challenging problems for the spine surgeon. The aim of this article is to describe late-onset post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformities and to evaluate the results of their treatment. Seventy-six children, with a mean age of 4 years and 7 months (range, 2 months to 16 years), underwent surgical removal of malignant tumours, between 1961 and 1995. Sixty-seven of them developed post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformity. Conservative treatment consisted of bracing and corrective plaster casts. In 46 cases the deformity was treated surgically. A distraction plaster cast was used as preoperative preparation in the more severe and rigid curves, with or without neurological impairment. Surgery consisted of combined anterior and posterior fusion in 39 cases and posterior fusion in seven cases. Posterior instrumentation was used in 38 cases. The mean follow-up period was 6 years and 7 months (range, 9 months to 20 years and 2 months). Nine children did not develop deformity following the primary tumour treatment. One of them underwent laminectomy with posterolateral fusion and eight had laminoplasty combined with external immobilisation. Forty-six children developed iatrogenic kyphosis and underwent surgical correction from a mean of 75° pre-correction to a mean of 32°. The mean scoliotic angle correction was 66° preoperatively to 34° postoperatively. At follow-up, the mean correction loss was 7° in the sagittal plane and 5° in the coronal plane. Preoperative distraction plaster cast treatment resulted in a correction of 39% in kyphosis and of 58% in scoliosis, and in a partial or complete recovery of neurological deficits in all but one patient. In severe and rigid curves that develop following treatment of paediatric spinal tumours, preoperative application of a distraction plaster cast can reduce deformity and facilitate surgical correction. Furthermore, in the case of pure bony compression of the spinal cord due to the apical vertebra of the deformity, treatment with the distraction plaster can result in recovery from the neurological impairment. The prevention of post-laminectomy/post-radiation spine deformities is emphasised. Rigid external immobilisation for a period of 4 months in the cervical spine and of 6 months in the thoracic spine is recommended after both laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterolateral fusion.The research was carried out at Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Paris