A cross-sectional analysis of aspartate aminotransferase in human gingival crevicular fluid

Previous investigation has shown that the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), an established serum marker for cardiac and liver damage in humans, is significantly elevated in samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from ligated teeth in beagle dogs. This paper reports on a cross-sectional study of the relationships between AST in GCF and clinical indices of human periodontal disease in 60 patients with mild to moderate adult periodontitis. AST standardized to a 30-second collection interval (AST30) showed substantial (multiple regression R2 = 0.61) association with summary indices of patient disease status, modest association (partial R2 = 0.22) with tooth disease status within patient, and weaker (partial R2 = 0.12) but statistically significant association with site-to-site variation in disease at the same tooth. AST concentration showed modest (R2 = 0.30) between-patient relationship with clinical indices, but no clinically significant relationship with these indices between sites within patients, suggesting a rough proportionality between accumulated enzyme and GCF volume at sites with varying stages of disease. The relationship between GCF volume and probing depth also appears central to interpretation of enzyme assays. Clinical measures of past periodontitis and current inflammatory disease are cross-sectionally related to variation in AST30, across patients and sites within the same patient. Considerable residual variation, especially elevated AST30 in the absence of clear signs of disease, may result from varying levels of current disease activity, not reflected in clinical measures.     

口腔内毒素监测牙周病初探

25名全身健康的中一重度牙周炎初诊病人为研究对象,20名全身健康的牙周健康者作对照研究,用鲎试验的合成基质偶氮显色法定量检测口腔中唾液和龈沟液的内毒素。 结果表明唾液内毒素量与唾液厌氧菌总数及G厌氧菌的百分比呈正相关。牙周炎组唾液内素素的均数为1.089μg/ml,牙周健康组为0.121μg/m1,牙周炎部位龈沟液内毒素的均数为3.616μg/ml,牙周健康部位为0.445μg/ml,二者间均有非常显著差别(P<0.01)。唾液龈沟液的内毒素变动和牙周炎临床症状紧密联系,其测定方法简便,正确性重要性也大于细菌研究,为监测牙周病带来广阔的前景。     

A longitudinal study of aspartate aminotransferase in human gingival crevicular fluid

Previous studies have shown that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), an established serum marker for cardiac and liver damage in humans, appears in elevated concentrations in samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from ligated vs. non-ligated teeth in beagle dogs and in elevated quantities in cross-sectional GCF sampling, adjusted for collection time, from human sites with clinical signs of past or present periodontal disease as compared to healthy sites. This paper describes a longitudinal study in which AST was monitored quarterly over a 2-year period at 2 sites/tooth in 31 patients with mild to moderate adult periodontitis. In this study sample, 40 (2.6%) of 1536 sites exhibited confirmed loss of at least 2 mm of attachment during the 2-yr observation period. In comparison with healthy sites within the same patients, AST standardized to a 30-second collection interval (AST30) was elevated at these sites with new confirmed attachment loss, and at sites with past attachment loss or gingivitis in the absence of periodontitis. When both within- and between-patient variation were taken into account, observed odds-ratios associating enzyme with disease were higher for sites with new attachment loss (9-16 depending on test cut-point) than for sites with pre-study attachment loss (3-12), or gingivitis in the absence of periodontitis (5-8). AST in GCF is strongly related to human periodontal disease. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the relationship is strongest during episodes of cumulative tissue breakdown, but the small numbers of sites with confirmed attachment loss during the study period, or with gingivitis in the absence of periodontitis, means that further clinical studies are necessary to clarify this issue.     

胃病患者口腔中的幽门螺杆菌

目的 通过多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测胃病患者的幽门螺杆菌。方法 从１３例有上消化道症状经内镜检查证实的胃病患者采集胃粘膜,口腔含漱液和６个牙位的龈上及龈下菌斑,应用ＰＣＲ检测标本中的Ｈｐ。同时用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测静脉血,唾液、龈沟液中抗Ｈｐ的特异性ＩｇＧ抗体。结果 ＰＣＲ检测胃粘膜均Ｈｐ阳性６例患者（４６．２％）的含漱液和１１例患者（８４．６％）的至少一份菌斑样本中检测出Ｈｐ。龈下菌斑中     

Lysine-specific proteolytic activity responsible for forsythia detaching factor modification

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to clarify the lysine-specific proteolytic activity derived from periodontal pathogens responsible for Forsythia detaching factor (FDF) modification.DesignThe activity responsible for FDF modification in Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated by colorimetric assay using Ac-Arg-Ala-Lys-p-nitroaniline as a substrate. FDF modification in T. forsythia and P. gingivalis were evaluated by Western blotting using recombinant FDF (rFDF) as a substrate. Furthermore, the activity in GCF of 20 patients with periodontitis and 10 healthy subjects was also evaluated by colorimetric assay. Bacteria in subgingival plaque were detected using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe activity of both bacteria in colorimetric assay were 21.35 unit (P. gingivalis) and 3.61 unit (T. forsythia), respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that P. gingivalis was found to efficiently degrade rFDF and T. forsythia partially cleaved rFDF. The activity in GCF from patients with periodontitis (clinically healthy sites: CH, deep bleeding sites: DB and deep non-bleeding sites: DNB) was significantly higher than those from healthy subjects (healthy sites: H). Among the patients with periodontitis, the activity from CH was significantly lower than those from DB and DNB. T. forsythia was detected in 68.4% of DNB, in 78.4% of DB and in none of CH. P. gingivalis was detected in 63.2% of DNB, in 84.0% of DB and in 10.5% of CH. No bacterium was detected in healthy subjects.ConclusionThe lysine-specific proteolytic activity responsible for FDF modification correlates with the presence of major periodontal pathogens.     

临时冠对龈沟液量及其成分的影响

目的：检测烤瓷冠修复前、戴临时冠后1周龈沟液量及AST、ALP活性、内毒素含量,评价临时冠对牙周组织的影响。方法：选择需制作烤瓷冠的患者30例,分别于修复前、戴临时冠1周、提取其龈沟液检测质量及AST、ALP活性及内毒素含量,分析龈沟液的质量及AST、ALP活性及内毒素含量变化,评估临时冠对牙周组织的影响。结果：戴临时冠1周时龈沟液量、AST、ALP及内毒素量均高于牙体预备前。结论：戴临时冠1周时龈沟液量、AST、ALP及内毒素量均增高;提示临时冠制作材料和方法均需进一步探讨。     

两种非贵金属烤瓷冠对基牙龈沟液量及其成分的影响研究

目的：探讨钛合金和钴铬合金烤瓷冠对基牙牙周组织的影响。方法：选择需要制作钛合金和钴铬合金烤瓷冠的临床病例各50例,于修复前,戴临时冠1周,戴牙1个月、3个月、6个月提取龈沟液,检测其质量、内毒素、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及天门冬氨酸基转移酶（AST）活性含量。结果：钛合金和钴铬合金烤瓷组戴临时冠1周时龈沟液量、内毒素、ALP及AST量均有所增高（P〈0.05）;之后4项指标均下降并维持稳定,与牙体预备前无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：两种非贵金属烤瓷冠对基牙牙周组织无不良影响。     

FNA diagnosis of giant cell fibroblastoma: A case report of an unusual pediatric soft tissue tumor

Giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF) is a rare pediatric soft tissue tumor, which exists on a spectrum with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Histologic features are well established for these entities; however, cytologic findings have not been well characterized. We report for the first time a case of GCF, confirmed by cytogenetics, with mixed DFSP features. In this case of an 8‐month‐old boy, a fine needle aspiration specimen showed a low‐grade spindle cell tumor, with oval to spindled cells dispersed singly and in patternless groups, and with occasional giant cells. Subsequent histologic features were consistent with GCF, which is an uncommon, CD34 positive, soft tissue neoplasm with a distinct molecular aberration. This case emphasizes the differential diagnosis in pediatric soft tissue tumors and stresses the unique features of GCF. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:325–328. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Human β-defensin 2 and protease activated receptor-2 expression in patients with chronic periodontitis

Objective

Some previous studies have shown that gingipains, trypsin-like proteases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, up-regulate human β defensin-2 (HBD-2) mRNA expression through protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR₂) in gingival epithelial cells. This study aimed at investigating salivary HBD-2 levels and crevicular PAR₂ mRNA expression in human chronic periodontitis and evaluating whether periodontal treatment affected this process.

Methods

Salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from periodontally healthy (control) and chronic periodontitis patients at baseline and 50 days after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Salivary HBD-2, and GCF TNF-α levels were analysed by ELISA, and PAR₂ mRNA at the GCF was evaluated by RT-PCR.

Results

P. gingivalis was significantly (p < 0.05) more prevalent in patients with chronic periodontitis when compared to controls. This prevalence decreased after periodontal therapy (p < 0.0001). The control group showed statistically significant lower levels of HBD-2, TNF-α, and PAR₂ expression when compared to the chronic periodontitis group. In addition, periodontal treatment significantly reduced PAR₂ expression and HBD-2 levels in chronic periodontitis patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that salivary HBD-2 levels and PAR₂ mRNA expression from GCF are higher in subjects with chronic periodontitis than in healthy subjects, and that periodontal treatment decreases both HBD-2 levels and PAR₂ expression.