2004年滨州市市售牙膏部分理化指标检测

[目的]了解牙膏的卫生状况,维护消费者的利益,保证消费者的身体健康。[方法]2004年5月,对滨州市销售的48种牙膏进行部分理化指标检测。[结果]48种牙膏的铅含量合格率为54.17%,砷含量全部合格;检测32种加氟牙膏,游离氟化物、可溶性氟化物和总氟化物合格率分别为28.12%、62.52%、56.25%。[结论]滨州市市售部分牙膏的铅含量超标,加氟牙膏的氟化物合格率较低。     

Fluoride concentration in plaque in adolescents after topical application of different fluoride varnishes

The aim of the study was to measure the fluoride (F) concentration in plaque after a single topical application of different fluoride varnishes with contrasting levels of F. Thirty adolescents (12–17 years) with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Bifluoride (6% F), Duraphat (2.23% F) and Fluor Protector (0.1% F). The varnishes were applied after professional cleaning in one upper quadrant, leaving the opposite quadrant untreated according to the split-mouth technique. Pooled plaque samples from each quadrant were collected at baseline and 3 days, 7 days and 30 days after the varnish treatment, and fluoride was analysed by microdiffusion. All fluoride varnishes increased the fluoride concentration in plaque compared with baseline, and the mean values varied between 23 and 138 ng F/mg after 3 days, depending on varnish F concentration. Compared with the control quadrant, statistically significant elevations were recorded for Bifluoride after 3 days and 7 days and Duraphat after 3 days, while no significant differences were revealed in the Fluor Protector group. The fluoride concentration in plaque was back to baseline levels for all participants in the Duraphat group after 7 days, while some individuals in the Bifluoride and Fluor Protector groups still registered slightly increased levels after 30 days. The results suggest that fluoride varnish treatments resulted in elevated fluoride levels in plaque adjacent to fixed orthodontic appliances for a period of up to 1 week, although different patterns was disclosed for the various brands. Received: 5 October 1999 / Accepted: 18 November 1999     

2006年浦北县地方性氟中毒调查

[目的]了解浦北县地方性氟中毒(地氟病)现况,为制订地氟病预防措施提供依据。[方法]2006年,对浦北县高发区福旺镇进行调查。[结果]检测55份未进行降氟改水工程的水样,水氟范围为1.39~2.70 mg/L,全部超标;检测2处降氟改水工程的水样8份,水氟为0.20 mg/L,未超标;检查1535名8~12岁儿童,氟斑牙患病率为7.80%,各村患病率为0.85%~8.57%;检查529名16岁以上人群,氟骨症患病率为10.40%。[结论]浦北县地氟病病情相当严重。     

离子综合测试仪法快速测定水中氟化物含量

目的:建立水中氟化物的离子综合测试仪直接测定方法。方法:用氟化物标准溶液校准仪器,调节仪器至最佳工作状态,将氟离子电极和参比电极插入预先加入氟离子强度缓冲液的水样中,直接测出浓度。结果:与GB/T5750-2006离子选择电极法相比,3个不同浓度的氟离子溶液的测定结果平均值经t检验,均小于t0.952.23,表明本方法与国标方法的测定结果无显著性差异;同时采用本法对两份环境标样进行测试,其相对误差分别为1.36%和0.93%。结论:本法具有精密度高,准确度好,操作简便实用的优点,值得推广。     

扩散－电极法测定食品中氟

样品中氟在扩散盒中与硫酸作用生成氟化氢，经扩散吸附在扩散盒的碱膜上。碱膜用缓冲液溶解后，氟化物含量由氟离子选择电极测定。用本法对菜花、菠菜、大米、鱼片干四种样品以及玉米氟样品的氟进行了精密度和准确度试验。相对标准偏差在５％以内，回收率为９０％～１０３％，最小检测量为０．２４μｇ。该法可直接测定含氟量在０．５～１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（干重）的食品。     

甘河滩工业区人群氟斑牙调查

目的了解甘河滩工业区人群氟斑牙患病情况及流行因素。方法在西宁市甘河滩工业区采集尿样2392份,集中式供水样20份,泉水样2份,井水样12份,茶水样18份,以及小麦、白菜、土壤、空气样品,均检测其中的氟化物的含量,按国家统一标准调查了2722名5～60岁居民的氟斑牙患病情况。结果7392名居民的尿氟化物水平[(1.91±1.39)mg/L]高于非病区人群(约0.5mg/L)。2722名居民氟斑牙患病率达86.4%,高于《地方性氟中毒病区控制标准》(30%)。除2个井水样氟化物含量为(1.39±0.08)mg/L外,其余32个水样的氟化物含量为0.05～0.30mg/L。小麦、白菜、土壤样品的氟化物含量均未超标。空气氟化物浓度3.12～11.20μg/(dm2·d)超过《环境空气质量标准》二级标准[3.0μg/(dm2·d)]0.04～2.73倍。茶水中氟化物浓度为0.22～2.96mg/L,茶水氟化物较低的村氟斑牙患病率也较高。结论空气氟污染和饮用含氟量高的茶水可能是甘河滩工业区人群氟斑牙高发的原因。     

氟暴露对机体骨外系统损伤的研究(二)──氟致鼻咽、牙疾患的临床分析

为探讨氟对机体的影响，提供早期实用的健康监护指标，对氟作业工人骨外系统损伤（鼻咽、牙疾患）进行了调查研究。结果表明，氟作业工人鼻咽、牙疾患较为明显，并具有鼻炎、牙周炎发病高的特点，提示为工业性氟病早期表现之一。     

复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物者免疫调节和抗脂质过氧化作用

目的研究复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物人群免疫调节和脂质过氧化的影响。方法以某有色金属冶炼厂接触NaF的28名工人为观察对象，检测服用复方枸杞多糖胶囊前后其血浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力和血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM的含量。结果与服用前比较，服用1周后，SOD、CAT活力有显著性升高（P〈0．01），MDA的含量明显下降（P〈0．01），IgG、IgA、IgM的含量均明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物者可提高其免疫功能和抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

一种复合体和四种树脂化玻璃离子水门汀的氟离子释放测定

目的 比较１种复合体和４种树脂化玻璃离子水门汀在水中释放氟离子的能力。方法 用氟离子选择电极，分别在第１、７、３０ｄ直径２５３ｄ，５种材料固化后标本浸泡训的氟离子浓度。结果 除复合体以外的所有材料，均显示了高的初期氟离子释入并急剧下降，然后缓慢下降。结论 复合体释放的氟离子比树脂化玻璃离子水门汀少。对于龋病高发的患者，选择高氟离子释放的树脂化玻璃离子水门汀材料较好。     

Effect of 2% plain and fluoridated milk on root surface caries in vitro

The caries‐protective effect of milk arid fluoridated milk on enamel has been reported; however, few data are available concerning the role of milk and/or fluoridated milk on root surfaces. The aim of this study was to compare the affect of plain and fluoridated milk on root surface caries. Artificial root surface lesions were created, sectioned and analyzed using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and microradiography (MRG). The sections were covered except for the original surface and assigned to a treatment group. The samples were immersed in 2% plain milk or fluoridated milk for 40 hours and re‐evaluated, Changes were measured and mean differences were compared with an unpaired t‐test. Both techniques revealed a reduction in lesion depth for each milk group; however, a significantly greater reduction (p<0.05) was observed with the fluoridated milk. These results suggest that fluoridated milk may have a beneficial effect on the remineralization of root surface caries.