医院科研基地的节能措施与成效-以四川大学华西医院科研基地为例

文章以四川大学华西医院科研基地为例，分析了科研基地的既有设施设备用能设计指标与当前实际环境需求的差异，提出了对公共区域照明、围墙灯、绿地照明以及中央空调系统末端等方面改进的相应措施，并分析了实施效果。     

节能经济型手术室管理初探

节能经济型手术室建设首先考虑的是安全、可靠、实用方便,既洁污分明,又分区合理;既符合医院感染控制管理原则,又遵循全过程和全面控制原则;既要减少交叉感染,又要节约使用空间和运营费用。     

Individual variations in work output per unit energy intake in East Java

In studying East Javanese peasant farmers it was found that workers with low energy intakes were as productive as workers with high energy intakes. Measurements indicated that work output produced by a given energy intake varied considerably in relation to the individual consumer and that the work efficiency of the consumer varied inversely in relation to the degree of undernutrition or energy stress. It appeared that there may have been compensatory mechanisms such as higher levels of metabolic efficiency, lower basal metabolic rates, greater physical fitness, or stronger incentives to work enabling those on a low energy diet to produce more work per unit energy intake than individuals with relatively high energy intakes.     

Comparison of wrist-worn and hip-worn activity monitors under free living conditions

Purpose: Current recommendations state that individuals engage in 150?min of moderate or 75?min of vigorous intensity physical activity (PA) each week. Commercial PA monitors are becoming popular for everyday use. The accuracy of these devices, however, is not well understood. We sought to examine the accuracy of two commercial devices, one wrist and one hip-worn, under free-living conditions.

Methods: Twenty-two subjects wore two commercially available devices and one ActiGraph (AG) for seven consecutive days under normal activity.

Results: Mean steps per day between all three devices differed significantly. No differences were found in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MPVA). Daily energy expenditure (EE) also differed significantly between the AG and the commercial devices. Bland–Altman analysis found poor agreement between the AG and the commercial devices with regards to steps and EE, but good agreement in MVPA.

Conclusion: Results suggest that the commercial devices are less accurate in estimating steps and EE. These devices did show good agreement with regards to MVPA, suggesting that they may provide useful feedback for individuals seeking to achieve the current PA guidelines for MVPA. Improvements are needed with regards to steps and EE estimation.     

非诺贝特与大鼠急性缺血性损伤心肌的能量代谢

目的 探讨异丙肾上腺素(180)致大鼠急性心肌缺血性损伤中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)配体非诺贝特与心肌能量代谢的关系.方法 健康纯系雄性Wistar大鼠90只随机分为3组,每组30只,即正常对照组、Iso损伤组(采用腹腔内注射Iso复制急性心肌缺血损伤的动物模型)和非诺贝特(FF)保护组(在预先给予FF的基础上复制Iso致急性心肌缺血损伤的动物模型).HE染色光镜下观察大鼠心肌形态学改变.检测脏器指数变化.铜显色法测定大鼠血清和心肌组织中游离脂肪酸含量.Western blot法测定大鼠心肌组织中PPARα的蛋白表达水平.结果 FF保护组和:Iso损伤组均可见心肌坏死,心脏指数显著高于对照组,血清和心肌组织中游离脂肪酸含量增高明显,同时PPARα在心肌组织中的表达水平也明显低于对照组.FF保护组与Iso损伤组比较,前者心肌病理改变轻,心肌坏死面积分别为(7.36±2.60)%和(10.00±3.00)%,组间比较P<0.01.FF保护组心脏指数低于Iso损伤组,分别为(4.03±0.10)和(4.32±0.11),组间比较P<0.01.FF保护组和Iso损伤组血清中游离脂肪酸含量分别为(736.53±70.30)、(939.53±69.51)μmol/L,心肌组织中游离脂肪酸含量分别为(116.28±14.03)、(140.59±19.34)μmol/L,前者均明显低于后者,组间比较P均<0.01.FF保护组心肌组织中PPARα表达水平高于Iso损伤组,分别为215.08±9.61和191.97±10.74,组间比较P<0.01.结论 在急性心肌缺血性损伤中,存在脂肪酸的利用障碍,即能量生成障碍,非诺贝特可以通过活化PPARα参与急性缺血性损伤心肌的能量代谢,对急性缺血性损伤心肌具有保护作用.     

Genetic variation in UCP2 (uncoupling protein-2) is associated with energy metabolism in Pima Indians

Aims/hypothesis Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is thought to play a role in insulin secretion and the development of obesity. In this study, we investigated the effects of genetic variation in UCP2 on type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as on metabolic phenotypes related to these diseases, in Pima Indians.Methods The coding and untranslated regions of UCP2, and approximately 1 kb of the 5 upstream region, were sequenced in DNA samples taken from 83 extremely obese Pima Indians who were not first-degree relatives.Results Five variants were identified: (1) a –866G/A in the 5 upstream region; (2) a G/A in exon 2; (3) a C/T resulting in an Ala55Val substitution in exon 4; and (4, 5) two insertion/deletions (ins/del; 45-bp and 3-bp) in the 3 untranslated region. Among the 83 subjects whose DNA was sequenced, the –866G/A was in complete genotypic concordance with the Ala55Val and the 3-bp ins/del polymorphism. The G/A polymorphism in exon 2 was extremely rare. To capture the common variation in this gene for association analyses, the –866G/A variant (as a representative of Ala55Val and the 3-bp ins/del polymorphism) and the 45-bp ins/del were also genotyped for 864 full-blooded Pima Indians. Neither of these variants was associated with type 2 diabetes or body mass index. However, in a subgroup of 185 subjects who had undergone detailed metabolic measurements, these variants were associated with 24-h energy expenditure as measured in a human metabolic chamber (p=0.007 for the 45-bp ins/del and p=0.03 for the –866G/A after adjusting for age, sex, family membership, fat-free mass and fat mass).Conclusions/interpretation Our data indicate that variation in UCP2 may play a role in energy metabolism, but this gene does not contribute significantly to the aetiology of type 2 diabetes and/or obesity in Pima Indians.     

电针对老年性痴呆模型大鼠海马线粒体酶活性的影响

目的研究电针对老年性痴呆（AD）模型大鼠海码神经元线粒体酶活性的影响，从能量代谢的角度探讨电针治疗AD的部分作用机制。方法以D-半乳糖腹腔注射和Aβ1-40海马注射诱导形成的AD模型大鼠为研究对象，电针“百会”、“涌泉”穴，每日1次，连续20d。以通道式水迷宫测试学习记忆能力的变化，评价电针对AD的治疗效庸；以生化方法检测海马神经元线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶、Na^＋ -K^＋ -ATP酶、Ca^2＋ -Mg^2＋ -ATP酶的活性。结果电针能有效改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力，提高线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶、Na^＋ -K^＋ -ATP酶、Ca^2＋ -Mg^2＋ -ATP酶活性。结论电针可促进ATP的合成与分解利用，调节线粒体功能，改善AD能量代谢障碍。     

Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating TNF-α/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis

We previously reported that Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) extracted from Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge, attenuates hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) induced by isoproterenol (Iso). The present study was designed to investigate the effects and the possible mechanism of APS on Iso-induced hypertrophy in rats and NRVMs with focus on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. 36-Week old rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Control, rats received vehicle; (2) Iso, rats received isoproterenol injections; (3) Iso+APS, rats received isoproterenol injections and APS. NRVMs were divided into similar groups as rats. The results showed that combination of APS with Iso significantly attenuated the pathological changes, reduced the ratios of heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and left ventricular weight/BW (LVW/BW), improved the cardiac hemodynamics, down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), increased the ratios of ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of free fatty acid (FFA) in heart tissue of rats compared with Iso alone. In addition, pretreatment with APS significantly decreased the surface area and protein content, down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of ANP, increased the ratios of ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of FFA in NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Furthermore, APS increased the protein expressions of ATP5D, the σ subunit of ATP synthase, PGC-1α and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in tissue and NRVMs respectively and inhibited the production of TNF-α in serum and culture medium compared with Iso alone. The results suggested that APS attenuates Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy through regulating TNF-α/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis.