探讨太阳伤寒证是新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)肺炎的初始阶段—微汗解表严防疫毒内陷

在防控新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)肺炎的过程中,中医药可以发挥更大的作用。以生命定义核心,结合维持人体能量代谢过程和干细胞分裂过程五个基本因素就能构建人体内新型代谢模型。这个模型中,水液和热能的排泄是人体内代谢过程的最后步骤,也是太阳经的生理学基础。太阳经受到寒气后可以出现以热能排泄障碍为主的临床表现如发热,也可以出现以水液潴留为主要临床表现,如水肿等。根据新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)在感染人体后早期出现的上呼吸道症状和发热等辨证为太阳伤寒经证,出现肺部感染后辨证为太阳脏证。太阳经证治疗以温经散寒为主,而太阳脏证则需要采用急下、峻下及清热开窍为主的治法。太阳表证、经证未解,忌用寒凉药物和食物,这样才能将防治关口前移,避免邪毒内陷而致病情加重。     

电针对胰岛素抵抗肥胖大鼠能量调控信号瘦素的影响

目的:观察"标本配穴"电针对胰岛素抵抗肥胖大鼠能量调控信号瘦素(Leptin)及瘦素受体(OB-Rb)的影响,探究电针治疗肥胖可能存在的机制.方法:24只SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组,每组8只.以高脂饮食建立胰岛素抵抗肥胖大鼠模型.电针组于"中脘""关元""足三里""丰隆"给予电针治疗,每...     

Neural selectivity,efficiency, and dose equivalence in deep brain stimulation through pulse width tuning and segmented electrodes

BackgroundAchieving deep brain stimulation (DBS) dose equivalence is challenging, especially with pulse width tuning and directional contacts. Further, the precise effects of pulse width tuning are unknown, and recent reports of the effects of pulse width tuning on neural selectivity are at odds with classic biophysical studies.MethodsWe created multicompartment neuron models for two axon diameters and used finite element modeling to determine extracellular influence from standard and segmented electrodes. We analyzed axon activation profiles and calculated volumes of tissue activated.ResultsWe find that long pulse widths focus the stimulation effect on small, nearby fibers, suppressing distant white matter tract activation (responsible for some DBS side effects) and improving battery utilization when equivalent activation is maintained for small axons. Directional leads enable similar benefits to a greater degree. Reexamining previous reports of short pulse stimulation reducing side effects, we explore a possible alternate explanation: non-dose equivalent stimulation may have resulted in reduced spread of neural activation. Finally, using internal capsule avoidance as an example in the context of subthalamic stimulation, we present a patient-specific model to show how long pulse widths could help increase the biophysical therapeutic window.DiscussionWe find agreement with classic studies and predict that long pulse widths may focus the stimulation effect on small, nearby fibers and improve power consumption. While future pre-clinical and clinical work is necessary regarding pulse width tuning, it is clear that future studies must ensure dose equivalence, noting that energy- and charge-equivalent amplitudes do not result in equivalent spread of neural activation when changing pulse width.     

大鼠肝再生启动阶段能量代谢物靶向定量分析

目的 探讨大鼠肝再生(LR)启动阶段能量代谢物的变化对LR的调控作用.方法 大鼠随机分为3组,每组5只,包括两个部分肝切除组(PH)和1个正常对照组.运用质谱选择反应检测扫描/多反应检测扫描(SRM/MRM)对29种能量代谢物的含量进行靶向代谢组学鉴定.运用Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)...     

大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤时脑组织损伤机制的探讨

缺血再灌注损伤是一种全身性反应，某个器官的缺血再灌注损伤可引起其他器官不同程度的损害，即远隔器官的次级损伤。研究表明，肝缺血再灌注（I／R）损伤不仅导致肝功能衰竭，也可引起心、肺、肾等脏器的损伤，且损伤主要发生在再灌注阶段。脑组织是最易受影响的器官之一，肝I／R可引起脑组织损伤。本实验旨在观察肝I／R损伤时c-fos基因、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）在脑组织中表达和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、丙二醛（MDA）水平变化及相互关系，并以琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）酶、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、乳酸（LD）等指标的变化，探讨肝I／R损伤时脑组织能量代谢的变化及其可能的机制。     

Energetics of active sodium-potassium transport following stimulation with insulin,adrenaline or salbutamol in rat soleus muscle

The total metabolic energy expenditure associated with active Na–K-transport over the first 20 min of stimulation with insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol (H_mNa–K) was determined from direct calorimetric and tracer ion flux measurements in isolated muscles at rest. The reversible work performed by the Na–K-pump during the same interval of time (W_revNa–K) was calculated as the product of the ouabain-suppressible Na–K transfers and the mean free energy increase imparted to the two ions as they are transported against their electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane. Comparison of membrane potential and intracellular Na and K concentrations before and after the stimulations indicated that part of W_revNa–K had contributed to increase the ion electrochemical gradients in the preparation (i.e. had not been lost as heat) during the 20 min period. Accordingly, the maximum value of H_mNa–K was taken as the sum of the ouabain-suppressible heat production and W_revNa–K. Following stimulation with insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol this maximum corresponded to 10, 10 and 12% respectively, of basal metabolism. Under the same three conditions, the minimum energetic efficiency of the active Na–K-transport process, defined as the ratio between W_revNa–K and maximum H_mNa–K, was 35, 41 and 38%, respectively.     

Noninvasive assessment of the viscoelasticity of peripheral arteries

Currently used methods of examining the mechanical properties of blood vessel walls are either indirect or invasive, or measure vessel diameter and pressure waveforms at different sites. We developed a noninvasive technique to assess the mechanical properties and viscoelasticity of peripheral arteries. The pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) and the viscoelastic properties (energy dissipation ratio, EDR) of the common carotid artery (CCA), brachial artery (BA), radial artery (RA) and dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) were determined by means of palpating pressure and diameter distension waveforms extracted from high-resolution ultrasonography. The methodology was validated in vitro using an elastic tube phantom, as well as in vivo. In vivo study in 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 22 y) showed that the pressure-diameter curves were nonlinear, with an inflection at about 85–90 mmHg, and routed clockwise with slight hysteresis. The CCA (n = 5) had a mean diameter of 6.74 mm and the pulsatile diameter distension was 12.2%. The Ep calculated at the CCA was 0.44 × 10⁶ dyne/cm² with an EDR of 7.18%. The BA, RA and DPA (n = 10) had mean diameters of 3.91 mm, 2.21 mm and 2.12 mm; arterial strains of 4.60%, 4.25% and 8.91%; mean Ep of 1.39, 1.45, 0.90 × 10⁶ dyne/cm²; and mean EDRs of 6.34%, 6.15% and 5.60%, respectively. The method presented is relatively simple to implement clinically and has potential as a new diagnostic tool for detecting local vascular changes.     

川芎嗪对实验性缺血-再灌注损伤心肌能量代谢的干预

目的　探讨川芎嗪对心肌缺血—再灌注损伤 (MIRI)时心肌细胞能量代谢的影响。方法　实验兔 30只 ,随机分为正常对照组 (A组 )、MIRI组 (B组 )和MIRI+川芎嗪治疗组 (C组 )。复制MIRI模型 ,分别观察心肌组织内三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)、二磷酸腺苷 (ADP)、一磷酸腺苷 (AMP)含量、总腺苷酸量 (TAN)、能荷 (EC)及心肌超微结构的改变。结果　C组与B组比较 ,心肌组织内ATP、ADP、TAN含量及EC均明显增高〔ATP :C组为 (5 0 5± 1 34) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,B组为 (2 86± 1 2 2 ) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,P <0 0 1;ADP :C组为 (1 6 7± 0 4 0 ) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,B组为 (1 12± 0 2 5 ) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,P <0 0 1;TAN :C组为 (8 4 2± 1 90 ) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,B组为 (5 83± 1 5 5 ) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,P <0 0 1;EC :C组为 0 70± 0 0 3,B组为 0 5 8± 0 0 7,P <0 0 1〕 ;且与A组比较 ,ADP、AMP、TAN无明显差异〔ADP :A组为 (2 0 4± 0 5 3) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,P >0 0 5 ;AMP :A组为 (1 4 5± 0 2 9) μmol/g (湿重 ) ,P >0 0 5 ;TAN :A组为 (10 2 6± 2 0 5 ) μmol/g(湿重 ) ,P>0 0 5〕 ;心肌超微结构的异常改变显著减轻。结论　川芎嗪可改善缺血—再灌注损伤心肌的能量代谢。     

七氟醚与异丙酚对颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者脑能量代谢影响的比较

目的 比较七氟醚与异丙酚对颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者脑能量代谢的影响.方法 择期拟行颅内动脉瘤夹闭术的患者68例,ASA分级Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,年龄22 ～ 62岁,体重52～81 kg,Hunt- Hess 分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=34):异丙酚组(P组)和七氟醚组(S组).麻醉诱导时P组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶控浓度2.0 μg/ml,S组吸入8％七氟醚.麻醉维持时P组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度1.5 μg/ml,S组吸入2％七氟醚.于临时阻断前5 min(T0)、临时阻断5 min(T1)、10min(T2)、15 min(T3)、动脉瘤夹闭10 min (T4)、20 min (T5)和40 min (T6)时,收集脑组织微透析液,采用邻苯二甲醛柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱分析法结合荧光法检测微透析液葡萄糖、乳酸和丙酮酸浓度,计算乳酸/丙酮酸比(L/P比).结果 与P组比较,S组T1～ T6时微透析液葡萄糖、乳酸和丙酮酸浓度升高,T2～T4时L/P比降低(P＜0.05).与T0时比较,两组T1～T6时微透析液葡萄糖浓度降低,乳酸浓度升高,T1～T4时丙酮酸浓度降低,T5、T6时丙酮酸浓度升高,T1～T5时L/P比升高(P＜0.05);与T3时比较,两组T～T6时微透析液葡萄糖浓度和丙酮酸浓度升高,L/P比降低,T5、T6时乳酸浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚改善颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者脑能量代谢的效果优于异丙酚.     

What is Offered by Public Foodservices for Low Income Population in Brazil is Adequate to Health Promotion Regarding Energy Density

We evaluated the energy density (ED) of the preparations offered at community restaurants (CRs). 723 preparations offered 37 CRs were analyzed. Technical Preparation File (TPF) was compiled and the nutritional composition was calculated. The components of the menus were classified according to: very low ED (33.1%), low ED (41.2%), medium ED (23.5%) and high ED (2.2%). Many of these dishes were classified as low ED (rice - 56.4% and beans - 97.2%) and so its use probably doesn’t contribute to the overweight framework of the CR consumers. The main course (meat preparations) showed the largest EDs, most of them being classified as medium ED (1.85 to 2.43Kcal/g). The appetizers, as expected, showed the lowest EDs (0.01 to 0.4). The EDs of the menus offered in Brazilian CRs are appropriate to the objective of this type of restaurant, characterized by fulfilling a singular social role in serving its clients.