AF系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴椎管狭窄

目的：运用AF系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴椎管狭窄，并观察分析临床效果。方法：采用AF系统治疗26例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴椎管狭窄，随访总结手术疗效。结果：随访6－35个月，平均13个月，疗效满意，优良率84．6％。结论：AF系统是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴椎管狭窄较好的方法，具有操作简单，复位良好，固定安全可靠，椎体前缘高度恢复理想，Cobb's角矫形充分的优点，是值得推广运用的一种治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴椎管狭窄的方法。     

单纯性腰椎管狭窄症手术方法比较

目的 比较单纯性腰椎管狭窄症的手术方法，并介绍棘突截骨椎管成形术的临床应用。方法 对48例单纯性腰椎管狭窄症患者分组进行椎板切除术，椎板开窗术和棘突截骨椎管成形术，术后进行Oswestry疗效评分和影像学观察。结果 术后1年疗效优良率椎板切除组为81.9%，椎板开窗组为79.7%，椎管成形组为82.1%，疗效优良率各组无显著差别，术后4年疗效优良率椎板切除组为74.3%，椎板开窗组为78.2%。椎管成形组为80.4%。术后4年椎板切除组疗效下降显著，椎板开窗组和椎管成形组疗效下降不显著，术后1年所有患者X线检查未显示腰椎不稳定，术后4年X线显示有5名患者腰椎不稳定或退行性滑脱，其中椎板切除组3例，椎板开窗组和椎管成形组各1例。结论 椎板切除术，椎板开窗术，椎管成形术治疗单纯性腰椎管狭窄，3组术后近期疗效均满意，术后中期评估表明椎管成形术和椎板开窗术优于椎板切除术，后者腰椎不稳定和交界处再狭窄发生率较高。     

腰神经根病致背根神经节受损的实验研究

目的　探讨神经根受压后对背根神经节的影响。　方法　 SD大鼠 50只。参照 Kawakami方法 ,显露左侧 L4～ 6神经根及背根神经节 ,用 4/0肠线于背根神经节头侧端结扎神经根两道打两个结 ,线与神经根相距 3 mm;自身右侧神经根为对照。术后 1、2、4、8和 1 2周 ,分别取 L4～ 6脊髓节段标本 ,依 Gomori法检测抗氟化物酸性磷酸酶 (FRAP)活性 ,并用图像分析。　结果　实验侧术后 4周 ,脊髓后角 FRAP含量开始降低 ,在所观察的 1 2周内 FRAP随时间延长 ,其含量降低 ,与对照侧比较有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1 )。　结论　腰神经根慢性受压对背根神经节有损害     

臂丛神经下干不同损伤诱发神经病理性疼痛大鼠后足的痛行为学特征

目的 比较颈胸椎前路和后路臂丛神经下干切断伤与根性撕脱伤诱发神经病理性疼痛大鼠术侧后足的痛行为学特征.方法 18只成年雌性SD大鼠随机接受右侧前路下干切断、前路及后路下干根性撕脱手术(每组6只),另外6只健康大鼠作为对照组.臂丛损伤术前及术后3、7、14和28 d,检测大鼠术侧后足的机械痛缩足阈值、冷刺激诱发痛评分及热刺激缩足潜伏期.结果 对照组与3个损伤组之间术前三项痛行为学指标的差异无统计学意义.与术前相比,前路切断伤组冷刺激诱发痛评分明显增高(P<0.01),机械痛缩足阈值及热刺激缩足潜伏期则无明显变化;前路及后路撕脱伤组术后各时间点机械痛缩足阈值均显著降低(P<0.01),冷刺激诱发痛评分均明显增高(P<0.01),而热刺激缩足潜伏期则无显著变化.与切断伤组相比,两撕脱伤组术后各时间点热刺激缩足潜伏期则无显著差异,而后足机械痛缩足阈值均显著降低(P<0.05),冷刺激诱发痛评分亦显著增高(P<0.01),这种痛行为学的变化可持续至28 d(最长观察期);两撕脱伤组间各痛行为学指标的差异无统计学意义.结论 大鼠前、后入路臂丛下干根性撕脱伤均可作为理想的神经病理性疼痛模型,而臂丛下干切断伤因致痛效果较差则不宜用作神经病理性痛模型.     

Foxo3a和p27kip1在大鼠坐骨神经损伤后背根神经节中的表达

Objective To investigate the expression of Foxo3a and p27kip1 in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after injury of sciatic nerve in rats. Methods Adult rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The rats in experimental group were subjected to sciatic nerve clamp.Expression and distribution of Foxo3a and p27kip1 and cellular proliferation and axon regeneration in DRG was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results Foxo3a protein levels begined to reduce at 1 day (7.0 ± 3.5), reached valley at 2 day (6.0 ± 3.8) after injury, and following Foxo3a downregulation, p27kip1 protein levels begined to decrease at 2 day (29.0 ± 3.5), reached valley at 7 day (21.0± 3.0) after injury. Down-regulation of Foxo3a and p27kip1 was expressed predominantly in neurons and glial cells by double immunolabelling. Foxo3a and p27kip1 were expressed in neurons [(37.8 ± 5.7)%, (43.3 ±4.3)%] and glial [(22.4 ± 3.9)%, (13.8 ± 3.2)%] cells in sections of DRG at 2 day after injury less than neurons [(73.6 ± 2.5)%, (84.1 ± 3.7)%] and glial [(61.3 ± 4.4)%, (68.7 ± 5.6)%] cells in sections of normal DRG. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and GAP-43 were up-regulation from 2 day, and PCNA reached peak at 7 day after injury.The glial cells were the main type of cellular proliferation.Conclusion Down-regulation of Foxo3a and p27kip1 in lumbar DRG is correlated with the proliferation of glial cells and axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve injury.     

Congenital absence of lumbosacral articular facet joint associated with conjoined nerve root: a case report

We report a rare case of congenital absence of the L5-S1 facet joint, which was associated with a conjoined nerve root. Combination of these two anomalies has been quite rarely reported in the literature. A 39-year-old man presented with acute low back pain and right leg radiating pain. Muscle weakness and sensory disturbance of the right leg were also apparent in the region innervated by L5 and S1 nerve roots. Preoperative multidetector three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) showed complete absence of the right S1 superior articular process. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed lumbar disc herniation at right L5-S1 level that migrated cranially. Intraoperative findings revealed that the right L5 nerve root and S1 nerve root were conjoined, and the conjoined nerve root was compressed by L5-S1 disc herniation, which led to impairment of the conjoined nerve root by a single-level lumbar disc herniation. After removal of the disc herniation, his right leg pain immediately subsided, however muscle weakness and sensory disturbance persisted. Surgeons should be aware of this nerve root anomaly when examining a patient who shows an unusual clinical presentation and/or congenital osseous anomaly.     

成人与青少年在内收上前牙的正畸治疗中牙根吸收的比较研究

目的：探讨成人与青少年在内收上前牙的正畸治疗中牙根吸收的差异。方法：选择运用直丝弓矫治技术矫治完成的上颌前突并拔牙矫治患者79例,其中成人患者38例,青少年患者41例。在其矫治前后的曲面断层片上对4个上颌切牙进行牙根形态观察及冠根长度的测量,以获得正畸治疗后牙根吸收的定性及定量资料。利用SPSS11.0软件对所得资料进行检验分析。结果：治疗后成人患者上颌中切牙的根吸收量大于侧切牙,成人患者上颌中切牙的根吸收量亦大于青少年患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;同时,治疗后成人与青少年患者上颌中切牙的牙根吸收等级分布存在差异（P〈0.01）。结论：成人在上颌前牙的内收矫治中中切牙的根吸收风险较大。     

采用桩核冠修复后牙残根残冠的临床观察

目的：评价西宁地区后牙残根、残冠采用桩核冠修复的临床效果。方法：选择50例西宁地区后牙残根残冠行完善的根管治疗后用硅橡胶印模材制取根管印模,间接法制作整体铸造和插销式分体铸造核桩,并进行金属烤瓷冠或金属冠修复。结果：经3年临床观察,成功48例（97%）,失败2例,1例为6桩核折断,1例为4桩核冠脱落。结论：整体铸造和插销式分体铸造桩核冠,修复后牙残根残冠均可取得良好的临床效果。     

前牙外伤性冠折根折的核桩烤瓷修复的临床应用探讨

目的：观察桩核加烤瓷冠技术在前牙牙冠外伤性根折修复中的临床应用疗效。方法：临床为63例外伤性前牙冠折或根折患者82颗患牙行桩核加烤瓷冠修复术,术后观察1～2年,计算成功率和失败率。结果：82颗烤瓷冠中77颗取得满意的临床效果,成功率为93.90%,失败5例,失败率为6.10%。结论：前牙牙冠外伤性冠折根折修复中,桩核加钛金烤瓷冠修复技术的临床应用是成熟的,值得临床推广应用。     

Protaper器械治疗不可复性牙髓炎中残髓与IAE关系的临床研究

目的：探讨Protaper镍钛器械根管预备不可复性牙髓炎后残髓与IAE的关系。方法：按Crown-down预备技术进行根管预备,约诊时记录初次预备后是否疼痛和发生时间、程度并做再次清理预备,仔细观察是否存在残髓和预备过程疼痛与否,必要时行多次清理和预备。结果：第1次预备后疼痛者往往在第2次预备时发现残髓。结论：残髓的存在是导致根管治疗期间疼痛应足够重视的原因之一,约诊期间最好行二次或以上次数的根管清理和预备。