Spectrotemporal dynamics of the EEG during working memory encoding and maintenance predicts individual behavioral capacity

We investigated the effect of memory load on encoding and maintenance of information in working memory. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded while participants performed a modified Sternberg visual memory task. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to factorise the EEG signals into distinct temporal activations to perform spectrotemporal analysis and localisation of source activities. We found ‘encoding’ and ‘maintenance’ operations were correlated with negative and positive changes in α‐band power, respectively. Transient activities were observed during encoding of information in the bilateral cuneus, precuneus, inferior parietal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, and a sustained activity in the inferior frontal gyrus. Strong correlations were also observed between changes in α‐power and behavioral performance during both encoding and maintenance. Furthermore, it was also found that individuals with higher working memory capacity experienced stronger neural oscillatory responses during the encoding of visual objects into working memory. Our results suggest an interplay between two distinct neural pathways and different spatiotemporal operations during the encoding and maintenance of information which predict individual differences in working memory capacity observed at the behavioral level.     

鞍山市铁东区公共场所卫生基层问题及解决建议

笔者作为基层卫生监督工作人员经过十多年的公共场所卫生监督工作,通过对鞍山市铁东区公共场所卫生监督情况进行分析。发现当前存在许多公共场所卫生监督执法困难和难题,主要表现为卫生监督队伍薄弱,新兴公共场所剧增,公共场所执法依据不确定性（无法可依）等问题。笔者提出相应的解决建议,应转变卫生监督观念,提高监督管理质量。     

Mechanical ventilation in the newborn; a simplified approach Part 2: High‐frequency ventilation

High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is becoming an increasingly popular intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit. This article will attempt to explain the principles of HFOV. It is inherently more difficult to become skilled in this technique than in other forms of mechanical ventilation, so caution is warranted.     

Effect of age,height, and prechallenge respiratory resistance on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in childhood asthma using the forced oscillation technique

To evaluate the effects of age, height and prechallenge respiratory system resistance (Rrs) on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine inhalation (BRm) as measured by the oscillation technique in children with mild asthma, we studied BRm in 92 atopic children aged from 8 to 13 years (mean ± SD, 10.5 ± 1.7 years). Inhalation challenge was performed by administering progressively doubling doses of methacholine, until a twofold increase in Rrs from baseline had been reached. The minimum cumulative dose of methacholine (Dmin) at which Rrs deviated from baseline was identified by the point of deflection of the continuously recorded Rrs tracing. The Dmin represented the amount of methacholine which elicited BRm. By using single-regression analysis, height was negatively correlated with Rrs (p < 0.001). Height was positively and Rrs was negatively correlated with age (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, height and age were correlated with Dmin (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), but prechallenge Rrs was not correlated with Dmin (p > 0.1). To minimize the effect of height and prechallenge Rrs on BRm, the relationships between Dmin and age was studied in a subgroup with a narrow range of heights (135–155 cm, n = 32), and a narrow range of prechallenge Rrs (5.0–6.9 cmH₂ O/L/s, n = 42); there remained a statistically significant correlation between Dmin and age in the groups with comparable heights (p = 0.026) and Rrs (p = 0.003). These data suggest that the BHR in childhood asthma may be affected by height and age when measured by the oscillation technique. Considering the many advantages of the oscillation method, this technique may be very suitable for measuring BHR in childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1996;22:1–6. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Social-specific impairment of negative emotion perception in alexithymia

Alexithymia has been characterized as an impaired ability of emotion processing and regulation. The definition of alexithymia does not include a social component. However, there is some evidence that social cognition may be compromised in individuals with alexithymia. Hence, emotional impairments associated with alexithymia may extend to socially relevant information. Here, we recorded electrophysiological responses of individuals meeting the clinically relevant cutoff for alexithymia (ALEX; n = 24) and individuals without alexithymia (NonALEX; n = 23) while they viewed affective scenes that varied on the dimensions of sociality and emotional valence during a rapid serial visual presentation task. We found that ALEX exhibited lower accuracy and larger N2 than NonALEX in the perception of social negative scenes. Source reconstruction revealed that the group difference in N2 was localized at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Irrespective of emotional valence, ALEX showed stronger alpha power than NonALEX in social but not non-social conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis of social processing being selectively affected by alexithymia, especially for stimuli with negative valence. Electrophysiological evidence suggests altered deployment of attentional resources in the perception of social-specific emotional information in alexithymia. This work sheds light on the neuropsychopathology of alexithymia and alexithymia-related disorders.     

健康医疗大数据发展现状研究

介绍国内外健康医疗大数据发展计划、学术组织、标准化组织、研究领域、研究项目和开放数据资源等相关发展状况,简要阐述存在问题及发展策略,可为健康医疗大数据研究和应用提供参考。     

欧盟医疗器械标准体系发展现状探析

从标准化战略、法律法规、管理机制、运行监督及保障机制和具体的标准目录等方面,总结欧盟医疗器械标准体系的发展现状,以期对我国医疗器械标准研究有所启示。     

中医药古籍分类的现状分析

论述了<四部总录医药编>、北京中医药大学<祖国医学分类法>、<中国丛书综录医家类>、中国中医科学院图书馆<中医图书分类初表>、<中医图书联合目录>等目录专著中的古籍分类,研究分析了中医药古籍分类的现状.     

深圳地区女性HIV合并宫颈HPV感染现状调查及临床干预的相关性研究

目的探究深圳地区女性HIV合并宫颈HPV感染的现状及临床干预效果。方法以2017年1月1日至2018年2月1日期间在广东省深圳市第三人民医院爱心门诊就诊、HIV阳性的女性作为研究对象。随机选取同期在广东省深圳市第三人民医院妇科门诊行宫颈癌筛查的HIV阴性女性作为对照,两组各选550例,对所有研究对象均行宫颈相关检测、免疫细胞和HIV病毒载量测定,统计HPV感染现状,对HPV感染率与CD4^+水平与HIV病毒RNA定量相关性进行分析。将HIV阳性合并感染HR-HPV的患者分为两组,一组采用抗HIV病毒治疗,另一组不进行任何治疗,对HIV阴性但HPV感染阳性的患者分为四组,A组采用重组人干扰素a2b乳膏+保妇康栓治疗,B组采用阴道干扰凝胶治疗,C组采用阴道保妇康栓治疗,D组不给于任何治疗,3疗程后,分别在停药后3个月、6个月、12个月对患者进行HPV定性及定量检查和LCT检测,评估疗效差别。结果 HIV阳性患者的HPV感染率、HR-HPV感染率、多重HPV感染、细胞学异常发生率和其他阴道疾病感染率显著高于HIV阴性患者,同时HIV阳性组的宫颈病变率和病变分期与HIV阴性患者组别之间存在显著的统计学差异(均P<0.05);HIV阳性合并HR-HPV感染组的CD4^+细胞数和CD4^+/CD8^+显著低于未合并HR-HPV感染组, HIV病毒载量显著高于未合并HR-HPV感染组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);A组的好转率优于其他三组,B组和C组的好转率优于D组,均存在统计学差异(均P<0.05);在HIV阳性合并HR-HPV中采用抗病毒治疗组在术后的3个月、6个月、12个月的HR-HPV感染率、多重感染、自然转归细胞学异常均显著优于未抗HIV治疗组别,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 HIV病毒感染能够增加HR-HPV的感染机率,在此类患者的治疗上应该增加抗病毒治疗,同时在HPV感染的治疗上应该提倡联合用药的方式,对于疾病的转归具有重要意义。