Pharyngocutaneous fistula after anterior cervical spine surgery

Pharyngocutaneous fistulae are rare complications of anterior spine surgery occurring in less than 0.1% of all anterior surgery cases. We report a case of a 19 year old female who sustained a C6 burst fracture with complete quadriplegia. She was treated urgently with a C6 corpectomy with anterior cage and plating followed by posterior cervical stabilization at another institution. Post operatively she developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula that failed to heal despite several attempts of closure and esophageal exclusion with a Jpeg tube. The patient was eventually successfully treated with a three-stage procedure consisting of firstly a posterior approach to reinforce the posterior stabilization of the cervical spine that was felt to be inadequate, secondly an anterior approach with removal of all the anterior instrumentation followed by iliac crest bone graft and thirdly a superior based sternocleidomastoid flap that was interposed between the esophagus and the anterior cervical spine. The patient's fistula healed successfully. However, yet asymptomatic, the anterior iliac crest bone graft resorbed almost completely at 16 months follow up. In light of this complication, we discuss the surgical options for the treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistulae and the closure of this fistula using a superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle flap.     

InVance球部悬吊术治疗男性前列腺术后尿失禁（附5例报告）

目的探讨InVance球部悬吊术治疗男性尿失禁的安全性及有效性。方法2003年3月～2008年1月,应用InVance球部悬吊术治疗5例前列腺手术后尿失禁（经尿道前列腺电切术后4例,前列腺癌根治术后1例）。年龄62～76岁,平均67岁。尿失禁病程2～6年,平均4年。保守治疗无效。术前尿动力学检查平均漏尿点压力25.5cmH2O（20～32.5cmH2O）。截石位,会阴正中皮肤纵行切开3～5cm,显露尿道球部浅面球海绵体肌及双侧耻骨下支。采用InVance器械,电钻将带有1号不吸收合成线的钛螺钉分别在两侧的耻骨联合与耻骨下支连接部和其下约2cm处打钉6个。将聚丙烯筛网材料吊带裁剪成约3cm×4cm,将一侧耻骨下支上的三条合成线穿过吊网两角分别结扎固定,术中增加腹压后（下腹部加压等）咳嗽试验调节吊带的松紧度,或将逆行尿道漏尿点压调整为60cmH2O,留置导尿管。结果手术时间50～85min,平均60min。出血20～50ml,平均30ml。5天拔除气囊导尿管,均能自行排尿。5例随访6～24个月,平均12.6月,4例经尿道前列腺电切术后者尿失禁治愈,1例前列腺癌根治术后者尿失禁改善;尿动力学检查平均漏尿点压力65cmH2O（55～70cmHO）。结论InVance球部悬吊术是一种可治疗前列腺术后轻中度尿失禁的方法。     

Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者腹腔镜手术后中长期随访比较研究

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的预后。方法回顾性分析1993年5月～2008年5月腹腔镜手术治疗31例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌（腹腔镜组）的临床资料,并与同期开腹手术治疗的52例（开腹组）进行比较,比较2种手术方法患者术中长期随访结果。结果2组临床亚分期Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅰc期患者半数生存时间分别为77、51、31个月。83例死亡4例,总生存率95.2%（79/83）。开腹组死亡3例,总生存率94.2%（49/52）;腹腔镜组死亡1例,总生存率为96.8%（30/31）,2组总生存率差异无显著性（Z=0.028,P=0.978）。腹腔镜组与开腹组Ⅰa期患者半数生存时间比较差异无显著性（80月vs63月,P=0.48）,腹腔镜组病理G1级患者半数生存时间明显长于开腹组（77月vs51月,P=0.037）,腹腔镜组与开腹组Ⅰb、Ⅰc期及G2、G3级患者半数生存时间无显著差别（49月vs48月,P=0.78;51月vs49月,P=0.635））。结论鉴于腹腔镜手术的微创伤性及对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的预后有益,腹腔镜手术应该作为Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的常规治疗方法。     

经胸骨下段小切口行室间隔封堵的近期疗效评价

目的评价经胸骨下段小切口封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect,VSD）的近期疗效。方法2007年1月-2008年8月,采用Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对41例膜周部VSD进行封堵治疗。男14例,女27例。体重9.0-71 kg,（46.3±16.1）kg,经胸超声心动图显示均为膜周部VSD,破口3-8.5 mm。全麻后经胸骨下段切口显露右室,经右室放置封堵器。出院前和术后1个月进行经胸超声心动图、心电图、X线胸片等检查。结果41例均成功进行封堵,术后气管带管时间2.5-17 h,（6.2±3.3）h。ICU滞留时间8-21 h,（15.1±4.3）h。引流量35-210 ml,（80±33）ml。41例随访3-15个月,（7.9±4.1）月,无传导阻滞,无主动脉瓣关闭不全,无封堵器移位、脱落,无血栓形成,三尖瓣无反流,无血红蛋白尿。1例术后出院前发现有残余分流,约1 mm。结论经胸骨下段小切口行VSD封堵近期效果良好。     

眶隔脂肪异位游离移植矫正眶鼻沟凹陷的睑袋美容手术

目的 探讨一种用切除的眶隔脂肪异位游离移植以矫正眶鼻沟凹陷的睑袋美容方法 .方法 在眼轮匝肌与眶隔间分离,于眶下缘打开眶隔,去除多余的眶隔脂肪,折叠加强眶隔后,将去除的眶隔内脂肪重新回填于眶隔外,用于修复眶鼻沟的凹陷畸形.自2007年3月至2009年2月,用此术式共诊治睑袋患者135例.结果 本组患者共135例,获随访1～12个月,术后异位游离移植的脂肪存活率高,下睑外形饱满,眶鼻沟存在的凹陷有明显改善.结论 本方法 是一种矫治睑袋的有效方法 ,适用范围较广,尤其适用于伴有下眶缘眶鼻沟凹陷的睑袋患者.     

100例嵌甲患者的手术治疗效果分析

目的：通过对100例嵌甲病人的手术治疗探讨部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术治疗甲沟炎的疗效。方法：对三种类型共100例甲沟炎病人施以部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术加以治疗。结果：共治疗100例,99治愈（其中80例一期愈合,19例感染,经引流、换药后二期愈合）。随访2～8个月,平均5个月,一例复发,无复发患者对趾甲外形满意。结论：嵌甲是引起甲沟炎主要的原因,部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术对治疗各类型嵌甲时手术操作简单,效果满意,复发率低,同时一定程度上有美甲作用。     

Effect of fibrin glue on the prevention of persistent cerebral spinal fluid leakage after incidental durotomy during lumbar spinal surgery

Approximately one million spinal surgeries are performed in the United States each year. The risk of an incidental durotomy (ID) and resultant persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a significant concern for surgeons, as this complication has been associated with increased length of hospitalization, worse neurological outcome, and the development of CSF fistulae. Augmentation of standard dural suture repair with the application of fibrin glue has been suggested to reduce the frequency of these complications. This study examined unintended durotomies during lumbar spine surgery in a large surgical patient cohort and the impact of fibrin glue usage as part of the ID repair on the incidence of persistent CSF leakage. A retrospective analysis of 4,835 surgical procedures of the lumbar spine from a single institution over a 10-year period was performed to determine the rate of ID. The 90-day clinical course of these patients was evaluated. Clinical examination, B-2 transferrin assay, and radiographic imaging were utilized to determine the number of persistent CSF leaks after repair with or without fibrin glue. Five hundred forty-seven patients (11.3%) experienced a durotomy during surgery. Of this cohort, fibrin glue was used in the dural repair in 278 patients (50.8%). Logistic models evaluating age, sex, redo surgery, and the use of fibrin glue revealed that prior lumbar spinal surgery was the only univariate predictor of persistent CSF leak, conferring a 2.8-fold increase in risk. A persistent CSF leak, defined as continued drainage of CSF from the operative incision within 90 days of the surgery that required an intervention greater than simple bed rest or over-sewing of the wound, was noted in a total of 64 patients (11.7%). This persistent CSF leak rate was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients with prior lumbar surgery (21%) versus those undergoing their first spine surgery (9%). There was no statistical difference in persistent CSF leak between those cases in which fibrin glue was used at the time of surgery and those in which fibrin glue was not used. There were no complications associated with the use of fibrin glue. A history of prior surgery significantly increases the incidence of durotomy during elective lumbar spine surgery. In patients who experienced a durotomy during lumbar spine surgery, the use of fibrin glue for dural repair did not significantly decrease the incidence of a persistent CSF leak.     

不同微创方法治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的比较

目的总结复杂性输尿管上段结石的有效治疗方法。方法回顾性分析经尿道输尿管镜碎石（URL）、微创经皮输尿管镜碎石（MPCNL）以及后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术（RLU）治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石患者的临床效果,比较3种治疗方法的成功率及结石清除率。结果285例患者中,URL治疗121例,一次手术成功率70．1％,改开放手术5例,术后1个月结石清除率为79．3％。MPCNL治疗94例,一次手术成功率86．0％,改开放手术6例,术后1个月结石清除率为92．1％。RLU治疗70例,一次手术成功率97．0％,改开放手术2例,术后1个月结石的清除率为100％。结论．对于复杂性输尿管上段结石的微创治疗,应根据患者临床情况及实际要求制定治疗方案。     

完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术30例临床应用分析

目的探讨完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及应用前景。方法总结分析2009年5至9月中国医科大学附属盛京医院第一微创外科、胆道外科施行的30例完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术方法及临床效果。结果30例手术均获成功,无一例中转传统腹腔镜或开腹胆囊切除术,手术时间为20～60min,平均32.2min。术后无出血、胆汁漏等并发症发生,患者恢复良好,对治疗及美容效果满意。结论完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术在技术上是安全可行的,但较传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术而言其操作难度增加,近远期临床疗效和手术风险需要进一步的临床随机对照研究来证实。     

轴向椎体间融合术微创治疗腰骶椎失稳症

目的 评价轴向椎体间融合术(AxiaLIF)微创手术治疗L5/S1失稳症的临床有效性和安全性. 方法 采用尾骨尖旁2 cm切口,在G臂X线透视下,经骶椎前方建立工作通道,骨性通道入口在S1～2之间,用特殊工具经轴向的工作通道切除椎间盘、植骨,最后拧入长度合适的轴向固定螺栓.治疗12例L5/S1失稳症,观察手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期并发症以及随访观察椎间融合情况,并采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价手术前后患者症状改善情况. 结果 手术时间30～70min,术中出血50～90 ml,无并发症发生.所有患者于术后第2天戴腰围活动.随访时间3～9个月,VAS和ODI分别由术前6.66±0.89和61.18±7.93降至术后3个月2.08±0.79和21.51±3.63,差异有统计学意义.术后融合情况:1例于术后6个月完全融合,10例部分融合,1例尚未见融合. 结论 轴向椎体间融合术手术创伤小,并发症少,术后恢复快,为L5/S1节段提供一个安全而微创的椎体间融合方式.