Evaluation of the effectiveness of bioactive glass fillers against Candida albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base materials: An in vitro study

BackgroundDentures with antimicrobial properties are desirable for preventing Candida albicans adhesion. This study was to assess the effectiveness of bioactive glass (BAG) on C. albicans adhesion, surface roughness, and hardness of denture base materials.MethodsHeat-polymerized (HP) and autopolymerized (AP) acrylic resins were used to fabricate 240 disk specimens (120/material, 60/C. albicans, 60/surface roughness and hardness). Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) based on the BAG concentration: 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7.5 wt% of the acrylic powder, with a control group comprised of unmodified specimens. Direct culture method was used to assess C. albicans adhesion. A profilometer and Vickers hardness test were used to measure surface roughness and hardness respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsBAG addition significantly decreased the C. albicans count when compared with the control group (P < 0.001) for both HP and AP. Regarding surface roughness, there was no change in the HP acrylic resins (P > 0.05), while the AP acrylic resins exhibited significantly higher surface roughness with BAG addition (P < 0.001). The hardness of the HP and AP acrylic resins were significantly higher with the addition of BAG (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe addition of BAG to HP and AP acrylic resins effectively decreases C. albicans adhesion. The roughness of AP acrylic resins increases with the addition of BAG, while the hardness of both HP and AP acrylic resins increase with the addition of BAG.     

基于核心能力的临床医学专业研究生课程体系建设研究

临床医学专业研究生课程体系是培养研究生过程中极为重要的环节，课程是实现教育教学目标的关键载体和平台。目前，我国对于临床医学教育提出了创新改革课程体系的具体要求。2019年我国教育部发布了《教育部卫生部关于加强医学教育工作提高医学教育质量的若干意见》，表示各大医学高校要“积极全面开展课程体系革新，使得医学知识与自然科学和人文科学知识的融合”。突出学生的教学主体性，创建学生为中心的专业教学模式，大力促进教学方法的创新和实践，强化学生综合知识能力、创新意识以及批判性思维的培养和锻炼。本文对基于核心能力的临床医学专业研究生课程体系建设进行研究，并提出具体的建设策略，以期为我国临床医学专业研究生培养提供有价值的参考建议。     

Influence of surface properties of resin‐based composites on in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm development

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of physicochemical surface properties of resin‐based composites on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. Specimens were prepared from each of four resin‐based composites by polymerization against Mylar strips. Half of the number of specimens received no further surface treatment, whereas the other half were subjected to a polishing treatment. Surface roughness (SR) and topography were assessed using profilometry and atomic force microscopy. Surface free‐energy (SFE) was determined, and the chemical surface composition was analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). S. mutans biofilms were formed on the surface of the resin‐based composite specimens for either 48 or 96 h using an artificial mouth system (AMS). Polishing caused a significant decrease in SFE, and XPS analysis indicated an increase of surface silicon and a decrease of surface carbon. Only for Grandio was a significant increase in SR identified after polishing, which was probably related to the higher concentration of filler particles on its surface. Significantly less S. mutans biofilm formation was observed on polished resin‐based composites than on unpolished resin‐based composites. These results indicate that the proportions of resin matrix and filler particles on the surface of resin‐based composites strongly influence S. mutans biofilm formation in vitro, suggesting that minimization of resin matrix exposure might be useful to reduce biofilm formation on the surface of resin‐based composites.     

Expression of core?binding factor alpha 1 and collagen Ⅱ in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5

Objective To study the relationship between the medial artery calcification and expression of core?binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfα?1) and collagen Ⅱ (ColⅡ) in chronic kidney disease(CKD) stage 5 patients. Methods Pieces of radial arteries were taken from 40 patients with CKD stage 5 during internal arteriovenous fistula operation. Ten patients with subtotal gastrectomy and normal renal function were chosen as control. The vessels were examined for calcification by von Kossa stain and for the presence of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ by immunohistochemistry. According to von Kossa stain, CKD stage 5 patients were divided into no calcification group, mild?moderate calcification group and severe calcification group. Other related factors including serum calcium，phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), C?reactive protein (CRP), triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(TC) and low?density lipoproteins(LDL) were also detected. Results Seventeen (42.5%) of CKD Stage 5 patients showed vascular calcification, while calcification was not found in controls. Most calcification occurred in medial layer．Positive immunohistochemical staining of core?binding factor and ColⅡ was found in the smooth muscular cell plasma of medial layer in the vessels with calcification. However, above positive staining was also observed in 78.3% of no calcification group. But there was little staining in control group. Positive staining score of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ in severe calcification group was significantly higher than that in no calcification group. Same findings were obtained in mild?moderate calcification group, but the difference between them was not statistically significant. CRP and Ca×P were positively correlated with staining score of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ. Serum phosphate was positively correlated with Cbfα?1 (r=0.786, P<0.01) and ColⅡ (r=0.785, P<0.01) respectively． Conclusions 42.5% of CKD stage 5 patients in our group shows vascular calcification, which occurrs mainly in medial layer. High expression of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ can be observed in vascular calcification of radial arteries, which is earlier than vascular histological changes. Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ may be involved in the development of vascular calcification.     

基于团队文化建设的急诊护士核心能力培训模式的建立

目的探讨基于团队文化建设的急诊护士核心能力培训模式的建立与实施效果。方法选取2014年01-12月参加常规急诊护士核心能力培训方案进行培训的24名就职于江苏大学附属医院急诊科护士作为对照组,对培训结果进行分析,找出培训中存在的不足并进行分析。选取2015年1-12月参加团队文化建设融入在急诊护士核心能力培训方案培训的24名就职于江苏大学附属医院急诊科护士作为观察组;对两组护士的一般自我效能感量表、中国注册护士核心能力量表、护理工作满意度量表测量结果进行对比分析。结果经培训后,观察组在护士核心能力、一般自我效能感、工作满意度三方面得分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基于团队文化建设的急诊护士核心能力培训模式更有利于护士核心能力的提高,有利于增强护士自身效能感与工作满意度的提高,值得推广。     

In vitro degradation of resin–dentin bonds with one-bottle self-etching adhesives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the durability of one-bottle self-etching adhesive during long-term water-storage testing. Resin–dentin bonded specimens were prepared using four commercially available one-bottle self-etching adhesives. The specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the adhesive interface to produce beam-shaped specimens that were stored in water for 24 h (control group) and 100, 200, and 300 d (experimental groups). After each storage period, the beams were subjected to a microtensile bond test. After the bond test, fractured surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope. In addition, interfacial observations of the silver tracer were performed using the secondary and back-scatter modes of the scanning electron microscope. The bond strength of all tested adhesives decreased significantly after 100 or more days in water. The interfacial observations showed an oxygen-inhibition zone as electron lucent in the adhesive–composite border in control specimens, displaying silver impregnation with breakage after aging. The deterioration of the oxygen-inhibition zone in the adhesive–resin composite junction resulted in a decrease in bond strength after 100 d in water for one-bottle self-etching adhesives.     

乙型肝炎病毒前C基因区变异与乙肝病毒复制关系的临床研究

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B Virus,HBV）前C基因区变异与HBV-DNA载量的关系。方法通过DNA扩增、基因序列分析检测21例慢性肝炎、18例肝硬化和15例肝癌血清的HBV前C区和基本核心启动子（Basic Core Promoter,BCP）基因序列,荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术定量检测血清中的HBV-DNA。结果野生株与前C区终止变异、BCP双变异以及联合变异组HBV-DNA载量测定差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;BCP双变异HBV-DNA载量HBeAg（-）组显著高于HBeAg（＋）组（P〉0.05）。结论前C区终止变异和BCP双变异对HBV DNA复制无明显影响。HBeAg（-）的慢性肝病患者BCP变异后HBV DNA复制明显活跃。     

Towards an ICF Core Set for chronic musculoskeletal conditions: commonalities across ICF Core Sets for osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,osteoporosis, low back pain and chronic widespread pain

The objective of the study was to identify commonalities among the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets of osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), low back pain (LBP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic widespread pain (CWP). The aim is to identify relevant categories for the development of a tentative ICF Core Set for musculoskeletal and pain conditions. The ICF categories common to the five musculoskeletal and pain conditions in the Brief and Comprehensive ICF Core Sets were identified in three steps. In a first step, the commonalities across the Brief and Comprehensive ICF Core Sets for these conditions were examined. In a second and third step, we analysed the increase in commonalities when iteratively excluding one or two of the five conditions. In the first step, 29 common categories out of the total number of 120 categories were identified across the Comprehensive ICF Core Sets of all musculoskeletal and pain conditions, primarily in the component activities and participation. In the second and third step, we found that the exclusion of CWP across the Comprehensive ICF Core Sets increased the commonalities of the remaining four musculoskeletal conditions in a maximum of ten additional categories. The Brief ICF Core Sets of all musculoskeletal and pain conditions contain four common categories out of a total number of 62 categories. The iterative exclusion of a singular condition did not significantly increase the commonalities in the remaining. Based on our analysis, it seems possible to develop a tentative Comprehensive ICF Core Set across a number of musculoskeletal conditions including LBP, OA, OP and RA. However, the profile of functioning in people with CWP differs considerably and should not be further considered for a common ICF Core Set.