Post-traumatic stress in the medical setting

ABSTRACT

This article addresses the prevalence of posttraumatic stress arising from serious illness and injury. Its purpose is to underscore the importance of assessment and treatment of this population. The article reviews literature about patient stress responses to intensive care experiences and hospitalization. Above all, serious illness and injury hamper the individual’s ability to maintain their ongoing lifestyle and interpersonal relationships; the experience raises the specter of vulnerability and mortality and can obstruct the experience of a familiar “self”. Issues to be assessed and areas to be addressed therapeutically using hypnosis are suggested.     

经鼻双水平通气对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效分析

目的探讨经鼻双水平通气(Bi PAP)对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的治疗效果。方法选择88例NRDS患儿,随机分为对照组组和观察组,每组44例;对照组给予CPAP治疗,而观察组则给予Bi PAP治疗;比较两组的治疗前后的血气分析、临床效果及预后等指标。结果观察组治疗后的Pa O2水平升高程度大于对照组(P<0. 01),而观察组治疗后的Pa CO2水平降低程度也大于对照组(P<0. 01);观察组的通气时间、氧疗时间、住院时间及住院费用均低于对照组(P<0. 05);观察组的脱机成功率为88. 64%,高于对照组的68. 18%(P <0. 05);而观察组的并发症发生率为9. 09%,低于对照组的27. 27%(P<0. 05)。结论 NRDS患儿通过Bi PAP治疗后,可有效增加肺泡气体交换,改善血气分析指标,提高临床治疗效果,降低并发症,改善患儿预后。     

基于核心能力的临床医学专业研究生课程体系建设研究

临床医学专业研究生课程体系是培养研究生过程中极为重要的环节，课程是实现教育教学目标的关键载体和平台。目前，我国对于临床医学教育提出了创新改革课程体系的具体要求。2019年我国教育部发布了《教育部卫生部关于加强医学教育工作提高医学教育质量的若干意见》，表示各大医学高校要“积极全面开展课程体系革新，使得医学知识与自然科学和人文科学知识的融合”。突出学生的教学主体性，创建学生为中心的专业教学模式，大力促进教学方法的创新和实践，强化学生综合知识能力、创新意识以及批判性思维的培养和锻炼。本文对基于核心能力的临床医学专业研究生课程体系建设进行研究，并提出具体的建设策略，以期为我国临床医学专业研究生培养提供有价值的参考建议。     

Cortico-cortical evoked potential by single-pulse electrical stimulation is a generally safe procedure

ObjectiveCortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) by single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) is useful to investigate effective connectivity and cortical excitability. We aimed to clarify the safety of CCEPs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 29 consecutive patients with intractable partial epilepsy undergoing chronic subdural grid implantation and CCEP recording. Repetitive SPES (1 Hz) was systematically applied to a pair of adjacent electrodes over almost all electrodes. We evaluated the incidences of afterdischarges (ADs) and clinical seizures.ResultsOut of 1283 electrode pairs, ADs and clinical seizures were observed in 12 and 5 pairs (0.94% and 0.39%, per electrode pair) in 7 and 3 patients (23.3% and 10.0%, per patient), respectively. Of the 18–82 pairs per patient, ADs and clinical seizures were induced in 0–4 and 0–3 pairs, respectively. Stimulating 4 SOZ (seizure onset zone) (2.5%) and 8 non-SOZ pairs (0.75%) resulted in ADs. We observed clinical seizures in stimulating 4 SOZ (2.5%) and 1 non-SOZ pair (0.09%). The incidence of clinical seizures varied significantly between SOZ and non-SOZ stimulations (p = 0.001), while the difference in AD incidence tended towards significance (p = 0.058).ConclusionAlthough caution should be taken in stimulating SOZ, CCEP is a safe procedure for presurgical evaluation.SignificanceCCEP is safe under the established protocol.     

2018年系统性红斑狼疮研究新进展

【摘要】 系统性红斑狼疮是一种主要累及中青年女性的复杂自身免疫疾病，临床表现多样，发病机制复杂。对于系统性红斑狼疮的研究一直是国内外自身免疫疾病领域的热点，本文主要综述2018年系统性红斑狼疮的基因组学与临床研究取得的新成果和进展。     

升髓合剂防治化疗后骨髓抑制的临床研究

目的:观察患者临床症状、客观检测指标及用药期间是否出现不良反应等,评价升髓合剂对多西他赛联合顺铂方案(Docetaxel Combined with Cis-platinum,DP)化疗所致骨髓抑制的有效性及安全性。方法:将50例符合标准的恶性肿瘤患者随机分为两组,治疗组和对照组各25例。对照组:DP方案化疗同时加服地榆升白片,治疗组:在DP方案化疗基础上加用升髓合剂。2个周期后观察患者化疗后第3、7、14 d外周血细胞变化及骨髓抑制情况,化疗后中医临床症状评分及疗效以及体力状况评分(Karnofsky,KPS)、体质量变化及其不良反应。结果:①两组化疗完成率观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);②观察组血常规中白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板计数治疗后1周与治疗前比较无统计学意义,(P>0.05),而对照组白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板计数下降显著,与治疗前差异有统计学意义,(P<0.05);两组相比,化疗后1周观察组血常规白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板水平明显高于对照组,差距有统计学意义(P<0.05);③化疗后2周观察组白细胞计数升高明显高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05);④化疗后中医证候改善方面,观察组症状改善显著(P<0.05)。对照组症状上改善不明显(P>0.05),两组在总体症状改善率方面相比较有显著性差异,治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);⑤治疗组KPS评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05);⑥治疗组不良反应的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:升髓合剂对于多西他赛联合顺铂化疗方案引起的骨髓抑制等不良反应具有防治作用。     

Improving knowledge and trust in vaccines: A survey-based assessment of the potential of the European Union Clinical Trial Regulation No 536/2014 plain language summary to increase health literacy

The European Clinical Trial Regulation No 536/2014 is the first mandate for a non-technical, publicly disclosed, plain language summary (PLS) of clinical trial results. This easy-to-understand summary has the potential to inform the public about clinical trial results and thereby improve health literacy in vaccines.To investigate the utility of the PLS, we undertook 2 online surveys (July/October 2020) in the United Kingdom, the United States and India. Participants were selected by quota sampling to ensure representation of gender, age and parental status. Those lacking interest in vaccine clinical research were excluded. In survey 1, participants were questioned about their interest in and expectations of vaccine trial results. In survey 2, the perceptions of participants to a range of written communication styles used in publicly available PLSs were evaluated.A total of 66 (13%) and 122 (29%) individuals were excluded solely due to lack of interest in vaccine clinical research in surveys 1 and 2, respectively; 450 respondents (150/country) completed survey 1 and 300 (100/country) completed survey 2. In survey 1, there was a correlation (p < 0.01) between claimed knowledge of and trust in vaccines. Healthcare professionals were the most trusted source for vaccine information, while vaccine companies were ranked relatively low. In survey 2, infographic PLS formats were considered easiest to understand, most engaging and the strongest communicators. Emphasizing the main points of the infographics in the text did not improve comprehension or recall. Most respondents (86%) indicated that they would like to see this type of communication in the future.Overall, this research suggests that the PLS, by optimizing content and format, has a potential to increase health literacy, and thereby, as part of a wider integrated communication strategy, build vaccine knowledge and confidence.     

西医学历背景护士中医护理基础知识及技能培训内容的构建

目的构建西医学历教育背景的在职护士中医护理基础知识与技能的培训内容。方法通过文献回顾、文献计量学分析、德尔菲专家函询法确定培训内容及权重。结果培训内容包括"中医护理概述""中医护理基本理论""中医护理基本内容""中医护理基本技术"4个一级条目及30个二级条目和105个三级条目。结论构建的西医学历教育背景在职护士中医护理基础知识与技能培训内容的专家积极系数、权威程度较高,意见集中,结果可靠。临床护士中医护理基础知识与技能培训内容的构建能够为各机构中医护理培训提供依据。