Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. Recently, liver transplantation has been indicated for unresectable hepatoblastoma. We retrospectively reviewed 14 children with a diagnosis of hepatoblastoma who had undergone living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) at Kyoto University Hospital. During the period from June 1990 to December 2004, 607 children underwent LDLT. Of these interventions, 2.3% were performed for hepatoblastoma. Based on radiological findings, the pre-treatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) grouping was used for pre-treatment staging of the tumor. There were grade III in seven patients and grade IV in seven patients. Thirteen patients received chemotherapy, and seven underwent hepatectomy 11 times. Immunosuppressive treatment consisted of tacrolimus monotherapy in 11 patients. Actuarial 1- and 5-year graft and patient survival rates were 78.6% and 65.5%. The poor prognostic factors were macroscopic venous invasion and extrahepatic involvement with 1-year and 5-year survival rates of 33.0% and 0%. Pediatric patients without these factors showed an acceptable 5-year survival rate of 90.9%. LDLT provides a valuable alternative with excellent results in children with hepatoblastoma because it allows optimal timing of the liver transplantation, given the absence of delay between the completion of chemotherapy and planned liver transplantation.     

Bone metastases as the initial presentation of carcinoma of gall bladder: a rarity

Distant metastases are rare form of presentation of carcinoma gall bladder. Bony pain as initial presentation is quite unusual. A 50-year-old woman presented with the pain in right shoulder. Investigation showed metastatic adenocarcinoma in the head of humerus and the primary was found in the gall bladder. She received local radiotherapy for bone metastases and undergoing systemic chemotherapy. Carcinoma gall bladder is a common abdominal malignancy, mostly presenting in advanced stage with abdominal symptoms and obstructive jaundice. In presence of metastasis, the management is palliative and role of chemotherapy is limited for palliation symptoms.     

MDR1 siRNA对胰腺癌细胞株BxPC-3耐药性影响的实验研究

目的：观察阻断多药耐药基因1（MDR1）表达后胰腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性的变化,探索提高胰腺癌化疗疗效的新方法。方法：采用RNA干扰技术．构建MDR1 siRNA重组质粒．脂质体介导转染人胰腺癌细胞株BxPC-3,并筛选稳定转染细胞克隆,RT-PCR和Western印迹法检测MDR1 mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。将细胞接种于裸鼠,观察移植瘤对化疗药物吉西他滨敏感性的变化。结果：转染MDR1 siRNA质粒后胰腺癌细胞株BxPC-3 MDR1 mRNA与蛋白表达水平明显降低。体内实验结果显示,将转染前后的细胞接种于裸鼠,转染组移植瘤对化疗药物吉西他滨更为敏感（P〈0．05）。结论：通过RNA干扰技术,可在转录和翻译水平降低MDR1在胰腺癌细胞株BxPC-3中的表达,并能提高细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。     

浆膜受侵的结直肠癌术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

目的探讨术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗与单纯静脉化疗对浆膜受侵的结直肠癌患者的I临床疗效。方法前瞻性非随机将332例浆膜受侵的结直肠癌根治术后患者分为联合化疗组（行腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗166例）和静脉化疗组（行单纯静脉化疗166例）,比较两组患者术后腹腔局部复发率、腹腔转移率、肝及其他远处转移率和患者3年、5年总体生存率。结果联合化疗组和静脉化疗组3年、5年总体生存率：ⅡB期两组病例比较,差异无统计学意义（X^2=0.612,P=0.434）;Ⅲ期病例两组比较,差异有统计学意义（X^2=3.989,P=0.046）。联合化疗组的腹腔局部复发率（1.9％）、腹腔转移率（3.8％）和肝转移率（3.8％）均显著低于静脉化疗组的8.2％、9.5％和10.1％（P〈0.05）,而两组其他远处（肺、骨、脑）转移率（5.1％比3.8％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。联合化疗组中,使用奥沙利铂组腹腔转移率和肝转移率（0.9％和0.9％）均显著低于使用顺铂组（8.8％和8.8％,P〈0.05）,两组局部复发率和远处转移率（0.9％和4.7％比3.5％和5.3％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论联合化疗可显著降低浆膜受侵的结直肠癌根治术后患者局部复发率、腹腔转移率与肝转移率,腹腔化疗中奥沙利铂在预防腹腔广泛转移和肝转移方面较顺铂效果更佳。     

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Context

The use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer is still controversial.

Objective

To determine the optimal use of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings in patients with advanced urothelial cell carcinoma. Bladder preservation is also discussed.

Evidence acquisition

A critical review of the published literature on chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced bladder cancer was performed.

Evidence synthesis

The presence of occult micrometastases at the time of radical cystectomy leads to both distant and local failure in patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Both neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have been evaluated in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer. Studies evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy have been limited by inadequate statistical power to detect meaningful clinical answers as well as by experimental arms utilizing inadequate chemotherapy.

Conclusions

The aggregate of available evidence suggests that neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy should be considered as a standard of care for patients with muscle-invasive or locally advanced operable bladder cancer. In patients who are either unfit for or refuse radical cystectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation can render bladder preservation possible for patients who attain an excellent clinical response. With the introduction of new cytotoxic drugs, there is a need for well-designed studies to address the optimal utility of perioperative therapy in high-risk patients with bladder cancer.     

支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的组织学疗效(附63例分析)

目的评价非小细胞肺癌对支气管动脉灌注以顺铂为主的联合化疗药物的敏感性。材料与方法回顾性分析术前经支气管动脉灌注化疗的63例非小细胞肺癌的病理组织学疗效,分析组织学疗效与细胞类型和临床分期的关系。结果63例中Ⅲ级反应8例(鳞癌7例、腺癌1例),Ⅱ级反应10例(鳞癌9例、其它癌1例),Ⅰ级反应23例(鳞癌15例、腺癌7例、其它1例),0级反应22例(鳞癌11例、腺癌11例)。结论支气管动脉灌注以顺铂为主的联合化疗药物是有效治疗非小细胞肺癌的方案,其中对鳞癌比腺癌敏感,不同临床分期间的化疗敏感性无显著性差异。     

恶性骨肿瘤动脉灌注化疗后的X线征象和血管造影的变化

经导管动脉经疗改善了骨肿瘤手术前后的效果。本文比较了３８例治疗前后骨肿瘤Ｘ线征象和血管造影变化。从Ｘ线平片上可发现软组织肿块影缩小，肿瘤钙化增加；而血管造影是估价化疗后肿瘤发生反应的最可靠临床指标。     

Phase-II Trial Using Gemcitabine as Monochemotherapy in Patients with Metastasized Pancreatic Carcinoma

Summary BACKGROUND: The aim of this phase-II study was to evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine monochemotherapy in patients with metastasized pancreatic carcinoma known to have a poor overall tumor response rate to chemotherapy in order to achieve an improvement in the quality of life. METHODS: In 28 patients with metastasized pancreatic carcinoma (mean age, 63.7 years; range, 37 to 77 years; sex ratio, 13 males, 15 females), systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine (dose, 1000 mg/m²) was administered on day 1, 8 and 15. After one further week (day 29), the cycle was repeated. After each 2nd cycle, extension of tumor growth (restaging) including radiological imaging (ultrasound, computed tomography, plain film of the thorax) and laboratory analysis (tumor marker) was performed. Frequency, severity and spectrum of side effects were assessed according to WHO grading prior to each treatment. Quality of life was evaluated using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: All in all, 106 chemotherapeutic cycles were administered in 28 patients (range, 1–18 cycles; mean, 3.78). While in no patient complete remission was observed, 2 out of 28 patients showed partial remission (7.2 %). In 11 out of 28 patients, stable tumor disease was detected (39.2 %). Fifteen out of 28 patients (53.6 %) showed progressive tumor growth. Four out of 28 patients lived longer than 1 year (1-year survival rate, 14.3 %). Side effects of the chemotherapy were only moderate. Only in 26 of 106 cycles (26.5 %), side effects were documented. Significant improvement in the quality of life was reported in 25 % of the treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy using gemcitabine is a well tolerable treatment option with a minimal rate of side effects in the case of metastasized pancreatic carcinoma. However, overall response rate is low. Even considering the acceptable median survival time of 9.1 months most likely caused by second-line chemotherapy, optimization of gemcitabine monotherapy appears to be required using a combination with a further potential cytostatic drug.     

化疗相关性高血糖对急性淋巴细胞白血病患者生存状况的影响

目的 探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者因化疗诱发的高血糖对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2015年2月收集的62例ALL患者临床资料,按照是否伴随高血糖分为无高血糖组30例和高血糖组32例,比较化疗前后两组患者的临床特征及化疗后生存状况.结果 化疗前,所有患者血糖水平均显示正常.化疗期间,无高血糖组患者血小板浓度低于50×109/L的发生率为30.00%(9例),感染发生率为40.00%(12例);高血糖组血小板浓度低于50×109/L的发生率为56.25%(18例),感染的发生率为65.62%(21例),高血糖组患者血小板降低和感染发生率显著高于无高血糖组(P<0.05);无高血糖组的血小板平均浓度为(88.21±7.94)×109/L,明显高于高血糖组的(52.79±8.73)×109/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者在Zubrod评分、白细胞数目、是否出现肝肿大及核型Ph(+)等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);高血糖组复发率为28.13%(9例),无高血糖组患者无复发或死亡情况发生(P<0.05);无高血糖组患者的中位生存期为43.61个月,明显长于高血糖组患者的12.81个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高血糖组5年无疾病生存率为69.10%,明显低于无高血糖组的100.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 化疗治疗ALL诱发高血糖症状会增加临床并发症风险,增加患者复发和死亡风险.     

湿润烧伤膏在肿瘤化疗后口腔溃疡的应用

目的：探讨湿润烧伤膏治疗化疗后口腔溃疡的效果。方法：将68例化疗后口腔溃疡患者随机分为实验组（36例）和对照组（32例）。观察组采用湿润烧伤膏治疗，按口腔溃疡程度涂药；对照组采用0．02％洗必泰液治疗。结果：实验组疗效显著优于对照组（P〈0．05），治疗时间显著短于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：湿润烧伤膏治疗化疗后口腔溃疡安全、有效，值得推广应用。