骨髓输液在PICU的应用探讨

目的　探讨骨髓输液在PICU的适应证、方法及临床效果。方法　选择PICU危重症建立静脉通道困难患儿 30例 ,采用 7号骨穿针或 7～ 9号头皮针于胫骨粗隆下 1～ 2cm穿刺、固定 ,接入医嘱液体 ,记录穿刺所需时间、入液速度及生命体征变化、并发症等。结果　 2 8例 1次成功 ,2例用头皮针者有堵塞 ,换针后重新穿刺成功 ,穿刺、固定到接入液体平均时间 (30± 10 )s。速率 :一般压力 (8± 3)ml (kg体重·h) ,加压下 (17± 6 )ml (kg体重·h) ,所有病例均达到了医嘱要求。骨髓输液持续时间 3～ 2 2h ,无 1例出现并发症。结论　骨髓输液在PICU危重症抢救中可迅速建立液体通道 ,争取抢救时间。头皮针比骨髓穿刺针易于固定 ,使用更方便     

菲立磁标记兔BMSCs自体移植脊髓后的核磁共振活体示踪及形态学研究

目的通过观察菲立磁标记兔骨髓源性神经干细胞(BMSCs)自体移植脊髓后的核磁共振活体示踪及形态,期待找到一种应用非侵袭性方法来识别、跟踪BMSCs的存活状态及与宿主组织整合情况的方法。方法无菌条件下股骨取骨髓,梯度密度离心法分离获取兔骨髓基质细胞;使用“Feridex-多聚赖氨酸复合物(FE-PLL)”标记骨髓基质细胞,采用普鲁士兰染色和台盼蓝排除实验等方法鉴定FE-PLL标记兔骨髓基质细胞的效率和细胞的活力;体外标记的细胞自体脊髓移植,磁共振、免疫组织化学染色和透射电镜检查。结果普鲁士蓝染色显示FE-PLL标记骨髓基质细胞胞质内出现细小的蓝色铁颗粒;与正常未标记的细胞相比较,FE-PLL标记对骨髓基质细胞的活力、增殖和分化等能力没有明显的影响;经菲立磁标记的兔BMSCs自体脊髓移植后,可在核磁共振上活体示踪。结论菲立磁与核磁共振联合可无创性活体标记检测移植的神经干细胞基本的存在部位、存在方式及其一些生物学特性,可以用来活体示踪移植的BMSCs。     

内眦赘皮与重睑成形同期手术的一种新方法

目的 探索适合同时行重睑成形术和内眦赘皮矫正术的新方法。方法 根据内眦赘皮深部眼轮匝肌结构上的异常特点，遵循内眦赘皮的上睑（倒向性内眦赘皮除外）内侧睑缘处皮肤短缺和尽量减少局部皮肤瘢痕的原则，设计适合同时行重睑成形术的新内眦赘皮矫正术（反Stallard法）。结果 临床应用86例，进行了为期6个月以上的随访，结果所有患者的重睑为稳定性平行型重睑，内眦已完全或大部分开大，手术效果满意。结论 此内眦赘皮矫正术能够充分矫正内眦部结构上的异常，而且适合与重睑成形术同期施行，是一种效果稳定，结果满意的术式。     

单人手法整复治疗儿童尺桡骨下段双骨折

儿童尺桡骨下段双骨折,临床以桡偏背侧重叠移位多见且整复难度较大,1999-2004年运用单人手法整复治疗32例,取得满意疗效,现报告如下。1临床资料本组32例,男28例,女4例;年龄2~14岁。均于伤后1h~3d内就诊。开放性2例,闭合性30例;左侧22例,右侧10例。尺桡骨骨折线距下端骨骺线1~3c     

EVALUATION OF THE LOOPING FORMATION AND PAIN DURING INSERTION INTO THE CECUM IN COLONOSCOPY

Introduction: One of the causes of pain during insertion of the colonoscope is stretching of the mesenterium by loop formation. The degree of pain differs according to the type of loop formation. Our aims were to study the accuracy of the colonoscopist’s assessment of the presence and type of loop formation and to study the degree of pain in relation to the type of loop by administering the visual analog scale (VAS). Methods: Two hundred and fifty‐seven consecutive patients were enrolled. All procedures were performed by two experienced colonoscopists who were blind to magnetic endoscope imaging view. After the colonoscopy, the colonoscopist was asked to assess the presence and type of loop formation. The degree of pain was assessed using the VAS. Results: The accuracy of estimating N loop, alpha loop, absence of loop formation and U loop was each over 70%. The accuracy of estimating gamma and splenic loop was significantly lower than the accuracy of estimating U loop. Colonoscopy was significantly more painful in women than in men. The degree of pain was significantly higher upon formation of reverse alpha loop and gamma and splenic loop than upon formation of N loop and U loop. Conclusions: Upon formation of reverse alpha loop or gamma and splenic loop, patients experienced more pain and it was difficult for the endoscopists to assess these loops. As women had severe pain compared with men, the use of a pediatric colonoscope or higher dosage of sedation in women should be considered.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

开放性骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折的治疗和伤害控制论的应用

目的 总结治疗开放性骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折的治疗和应用伤害控制观念的体会。方法 回顾性分析2002年1月～2003年12月60岁以上股骨远端开放性骨折住院治疗的病例21例。应用伤害控制学的原则：全面评价其外伤程度，条件允许则急诊手术，危重患者就临时固定，监护患者的生理指标，限期施行骨折固定手术。结果 17例患者获得超过4个月以上的随访，平均随访7．3个月。17例患者在术后平均15周内(79～168d)达到临床愈合。参照Shelbourne疗效评定标准，膝关节功能优良率达到78％。结论 治疗开放性股骨远端骨质疏松性骨折需要应用伤害控制的观念，兼顾患者全面情况，同时治疗骨质疏松和其它并存疾病。手术固定以股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉为主，早期功能锻炼。     

骨髓炎与恶性骨肿瘤软组织改变的影像比较

目的 探讨软组织影像改变对骨髓炎和恶性骨肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法 通过回顾性分析。对57例骨髓炎和70例恶性骨肿瘤患者软组织异常CT和MRI征象进行界定、观察、记录和统计学比较。结果57例骨髓炎患者中，CT检查54例，MR检查14例。CT检查的54例中，软组织肿胀52例（Ⅰ度19例、Ⅱ度16例、Ⅲ度17例），脓肿样囊腔6例，软组织肿块5例，软组织内气体、脂液平面和窦道各1例。MR检查的14例骨髓炎中，软组织肿胀14例（Ⅰ度2例、Ⅱ度6例、Ⅲ度6例），脓肿样囊腔（扩散加权成像均呈明显高信号）3例，软组织肿块和脂液平面各1例。70例恶性骨肿瘤患者中，CT检查54例，MR检查49例。CT检查的54例中，软组织肿胀44例（Ⅰ度29例、Ⅱ度12例、Ⅲ度3例），软组织肿块49例，软组织肿块边缘残留骨壳或壳样钙化16例，软组织肿块内肿瘤骨或瘤软骨钙化25例。MR检查的49例恶性骨肿瘤中，软组织肿胀46例（Ⅰ度21例、Ⅱ度17例、Ⅲ度8例），软组织肿块43例。骨髓炎组和恶性骨肿瘤组CT图像显示的软组织肿胀程度（Uc=4．1066，P〈0．01）以及脓肿样囊腔（X^2=4．4118，P〈0．05）、肿块（X^2=71．7037，P〈0．01）、肿块边缘残留骨壳或壳样钙化（X^2=18．7826，P〈0．01）和肿块内肿瘤骨或瘤软骨钙化（X^2=32．5301，P〈0．01）出现比例差异具有统计学意义。MR图像所示的软组织肿胀程度（Uc=2．5997，P〈0．01）以及脓肿样囊腔（四格表确切概率P=0．0092）和肿块（X^2=29．8757，P〈0．01）出现比例差异亦有统计学意义。结论 软组织肿胀程度和软组织肿块对骨髓炎和恶性骨肿瘤鉴别具有一定价值。软组织肿块边缘残留骨壳或壳样钙化以及软组织肿块内肿瘤骨或瘤软骨钙化是恶性骨肿瘤的特异性征象。脓肿样囊腔、软组织内气体、脂液征和窦道是骨髓炎的可靠征象。     

复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨的研制及其成骨效应

目的 自行研制复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨并评估其成骨效应。方法 取南海澄黄滨珊瑚碳酸钙在特定条件下经过“热液交换反应”，制成单纯珊瑚羟基磷灰石(coralline Hydroxyapatite，CHA)人工骨，并将其与基因重组骨形态发生蛋白(rhBMP2)和几丁糖复合制成了三种复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石(composite Coralline Hydroxyapatite，CCHA)人工骨，将此三种不同配型的复合人工骨和单纯CHA人工骨分别植入四组24只SD大白鼠肌肉内。手术后2、4、6、8周取材进行组织学观察，计数高倍单位视野内的成骨细胞数量和炎性细胞数量。采用SPSS8.0统计软件处理系统分析。结果 术后各时期取材结果显示：B组(CHA rhBMP2)和D组(CHA rhBM2P 几丁糖)的单位视野内成骨细胞数量明显多于A组(单纯CHA)和C组(CHA 几丁糖)：而C组和D组的单位视野内炎性细胞数量明显少于A组和B组。即D组人工骨的单位视野内的成骨细胞数量多、炎性细胞少。结论 rhBMP2-几丁糖／CHA复合人工骨不但具有显著的成骨诱导作用，还具有炎症反应轻及持续的诱导成骨作用，是一良好的骨移植替代物。     

人参皂苷Rg1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经样细胞的作用

目的研究人参皂苷Rg1在体外能否诱导Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。方法通过贴壁法分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养扩增,人参皂苷Rg1诱导分化,光镜下观察细胞形态,免疫细胞化学检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达,RT-PCR检测细胞NGF mRNA的表达。结果大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞可通过贴壁法成功分离并可以在体外大量扩增。人参皂苷Rg1诱导72h后,部分骨髓间充质干细胞（35．57％±3．59％）转变为神经元样细胞,免疫细胞化学染色NSE呈阳性,分化的神经元样细胞可能表达NGF mRNA。结论人参皂苷Rg1可以在体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞,并且可能表达NGF mRNA。