香榧子油对实验性动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

目的：从血脂、血清血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）、ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２比值及内皮素（ＥＴ）等方面探讨香榧子油对预防动脉粥样硬化形成的可能性。方法：雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,随机分正常对照组,高脂对照组、月见草油对照组和香榧子油实验组,观察１２周。结果：香榧油实验组大鼠血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、和动脉粥样硬化指数（ＡＩ）明显低于对照组,而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）明显高于     

中药防治动脉粥样硬化研究现状述评

简要评述中药防治动脉粥样硬化的研究现状，研究证实多种中药通过调节脂质代谢、保护血管内皮细胞、抑制脂质过氧化、抑制血管平滑肌增殖、调节增殖与凋亡之间的平衡、抗炎症反应等一系列途径和环节，干预和治疗由A軎病变所引起的心脑血管疾病。     

Subclinical atherosclerotic calcification and cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults: The CARDIA study

Objective

Cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in older age. Less is known about the burden of calcified subclinical atherosclerosis and cognition, especially in midlife. We examined the association of coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcified plaque (CAC and AAC, respectively) with cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 2510 black and white adults (age: 43–55 years) without heart disease or stroke who completed a year 25 follow-up exam (2010–11) as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. CAC and AAC were measured with non-contrast computed tomography. Cognition was assessed with the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) (psychomotor speed), Stroop Test (executive function), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) (verbal memory).

Results

A greater amount of CAC and AAC was associated with worse performance on each test of cognitive function after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, and study center. Associations were attenuated, but remained significant for the DSST and RAVLT following additional adjustment for vascular risk factors, including adiposity, smoking, alcohol use, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Compared to participants without CAC or AAC, those with both CAC and AAC, but not CAC or AAC alone was associated with lower DSST scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In this community-based sample, greater subclinical atherosclerotic calcification was associated with worse psychomotor speed and memory in midlife. These findings underscore the importance of a life course approach to the study of cognitive impairment with aging.     

Comparison of two treadmill training programs on walking ability and endothelial function in intermittent claudication

Background

In this randomized trial we compared two treadmill trainings, based on exercises performed to moderate claudication pain vs pain-free training, with respect to their effects on walking ability and endothelial function.

Methods

A total of sixty patients with stable intermittent claudication were randomized to the pain-free treadmill training (repetitive intervals to onset of claudication pain) or moderate treadmill training (repetitive intervals to moderate claudication pain). In both groups exercises were performed 3 times a week for 3 months. Changes in flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and treadmill walking performance as well as plasma levels of C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen were assessed before and after the program.

Results

Fifty-two patients completed the training program. Post-training maximal walking time was prolonged by 100% (p < 0.001) vs 98% (p < 0.001), and pain-free walking time by 120% (p < 0.001) vs 93% (p < 0.001) in the moderate training group as compared to the pain-free training group, respectively. FMD increased by 56% (p < 0.001) in the moderate training group and by 36% (p < 0.01) in the pain-free training group. No significant changes in the levels of hs-CRP and fibrinogen were seen after treadmill program in either group.

Conclusions

Both pain-free treadmill training and the moderate treadmill training have similar efficacy on walking ability in patients with claudication. The improvement of post-training FMD indicates systemic effect of both treadmill programs on endothelial function. Both programs appear to be safe therapeutic modes, since none of them escalates the inflammation. Pain-free treadmill training seems useful and effective therapeutic option for patients with claudication.     

Tau蛋白过度磷酸化诱导Aβ生成抑制THP-1细胞ABCA1的表达

目的：探讨过度磷酸化Tau蛋白在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用及其可能机制。方法：体外培养人单核细胞系THP-1,经佛波酯诱导分化为巨噬细胞,建立人盐洗血小板与THP-1（人单核细胞）源性巨噬细胞共孵育生成泡沫细胞的体外模型。免疫细胞化学法检测过磷酸化Tau蛋白和β淀粉样蛋白的生成。用岗田酸（OA）诱导其Tau蛋白过磷酸化,Western blot观察Tau蛋白T231和S396两个位点磷酸化程度及β淀粉样蛋白水平,RT-PCR法检测三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1（ABCA1）mRNA表达水平。结果：OA引起Tau蛋白剂量依赖的过度磷酸化,并增加β淀粉样蛋白的生成,同时下调ABCA1 mRNA水平的表达（P〈0．05）。结论：Tau蛋白过度磷酸化诱导β淀粉样蛋白的生成并下调ABCA1 mRNA水平的表达,可能是动脉粥样硬化斑块形成和发展的机制之一。     

17βE2对切除卵巢兔动脉粥样硬化与血液流变学的作用

目的: 探讨17βE₂对卵巢切除(OVX)兔的AS斑块、血脂代谢及血液流变学的影响。方法: 34只成熟未孕雌兔分为4组:A为NC;B为Sham+CHO;C为OVX+CHO;D为OVX+CHO+17βE₂。喂养12周,喂养前与12周后测定血脂TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ApoA1、ApoB;测定全血粘度、血浆粘度、AIRC及纤维蛋白原。喂养12周后处死,测定AS斑块面积与主动脉总面积百分比。结果: ①AS斑块面积与主动脉总面积之比,A、B、C、D组分别为0.02±0.00、0.42±0.15、0.67±0.23、0.12±0.11,B组小于C组(P＜0.05)、D组明显小于C组(P＜0.01)。②血脂TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB,B、D组明显小于C组(P＜0.01)。③血液流变学:全血粘度、血浆粘度AIRC与纤维蛋白原D组明显低于C组(P＜0.01)。结论: 17βE₂能抑制脂质斑块沉积,改善血脂代谢,减轻高脂血症,改善血液流变学。这可能是雌激素抑制AS形成的部份机理。     

巨细胞病毒感染对动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的：研究巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染和动脉粥样硬化的关系，并探讨其可能机制。方法：通过一个大样本从血清流行病学(ELISA检测患者血清中抗CMV的IgG抗体)和分子生物学(PCR检测动脉粥样硬化病变中CMV特异性基因)方面探讨巨细胞病毒感染和动脉粥样硬化的关系，并检测CMV感染对内皮细胞趋化因子表达的影响。结果：动脉粥样硬化组血清中CMV的阳性率显著高于非动脉粥样硬化组(分别为82．2％和61．0％，P=0．02)；而且动脉粥样硬化斑块中HCMV基因出现率显著高于正常血管组织(13／15和2／7，P=0．01)；CMV感染还可上调内皮细胞：ECV-304表达MCP-1。结论：CMV感染参与动脉粥样硬化的形成和发生，这可能与CMV上调内皮细胞趋化因子表达有关。     

虎杖配伍山楂抗动脉粥样硬化易损斑块病变的机制研究

目的:观察解毒中药虎杖配伍活血中药山楂对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠[ApoE(-/-)小鼠]病理形态的影响和炎症因子的变化,以探讨中药虎杖配伍山楂改善动脉粥样硬化(AS)易损斑块病变的可能调控机制。方法:将高脂饲养的ApoE(-/-)小鼠分为虎杖组、山楂组、虎杖加山楂配伍组、血脂康组、高脂饲料模型组,并设ApoE(-/-)小鼠普通饲料对照组和C57BL/6J小鼠普通饲料对照组,共分7组,每组12只小鼠。连续灌胃给药17周,取血检测炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP);取主动脉,光镜观察组织结构;免疫组织化学法检测核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白表达。结果:高脂饲养各组小鼠及普通饲料模型组小鼠主动脉均可见不同程度的AS病理改变。各治疗组给予虎杖、山楂、虎杖加山楂配伍、血脂康后均能减轻小鼠主动脉病变情况。高脂饲料模型组血清NF-κB和hs-CRP水平均显著高于正常对照组和普通饲料组;各给药组均能明显降低NF-κB和hs-CRP表达水平,与高脂模型组相比差异显著(P0.01),其中以虎杖加山楂配伍组降低最明显。结论:虎杖加山楂配伍可能通过降低NF-κB和hs-CRP表达,发挥抗AS的形成、发展和稳定易损斑块的作用。