细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子在绒毛和胎盘组织中的表达

目的 探讨细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)在绒毛及胎盘组织中的表达以及表达部位。方法 分别取36例妊娠6～9周妇女的早孕绒毛组织、7例因病理指征行中期引产妇女的胎盘组织和11例足月妊娠妇女的胎盘组织,免疫组化方法检测绒毛组织和胎盘组织中EMMPRIN的表达部位变化特点。结果 (1)表达部位：EMMPRIN在早孕绒毛组织、中期和足月妊娠的胎盘组织中均有高度表达。在早孕绒毛组织中的表达部位主要集中在绒毛内细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞及细胞滋养层柱细胞;在中期和足月妊娠的胎盘组织中,主要表达于底蜕膜的绒毛外细胞滋养细胞。(2)表达特点：在早孕绒毛组织中细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞和细胞滋养层柱细胞的。EMMPRIN阳性率随妊娠进展逐渐下降。在妊娠中期的胎盘组织中,细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞和细胞滋养层柱细胞的EMMPRIN阳性率分别为5／7、3／7、5／7;在足月妊娠的胎盘组织中,细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞和细胞滋养层柱细胞的EMMPRIN阳性率分别为73％、18％和82％。在中期和足月妊娠的底蜕膜中的EMMPRIN阳性率较弱,且趋于稳定。而早期妊娠阶段,侵入到底蜕膜的绒毛外细胞滋养细胞中。EMMPRIN阳性表达则随孕周进展逐渐增强。结论 EMMPRIN在妊娠早期与胚胎植入有关,在妊娠的中晚期则可能参与妊娠维持。     

Early pregnancy losses in in vitro fertilization and oocyte donation

Objective: To evaluate prospectively the incidence of early pregnancy losses (before menstruation occurs) in IVF and ovum donation cycles.

Design: Prospective case-control study.

Setting: Tertiary care, university-associated center.

Patient(s): One hundred forty-five patients undergoing IVF and 92 undergoing oocyte donation were recruited. The control group for IVF consisted of 15 ovum donors who had no ET and were instructed to avoid intercourse. The control group for oocyte donation included 10 women undergoing a mock cycle of steroid replacement.

Intervention(s): Starting on day 6 after ET, the women were instructed to collect the first urine sample of the day every 2 days. Each patient collected six different specimens of urine (days 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 after ET for cases or the same days without ET for controls.

Main Outcome Measure(s): β-HCG was measured with a standardized microparticle enzyme immunoassay, and IVF reproductive outcome was assessed.

Result(s): For IVF, positive implantation was registered in 88 of 145 cycles of embryo replacement (60.7%). Only 30 (20.7%) resulted in viable pregnancies, whereas the remaining 58 miscarried. Forty-two of these miscarriages (72.4%) were early pregnancy losses and 13 (22.4%) were classified as clinical abortions. In ovum donation, positive implantation was recorded in 64 of 92 cycles of ET (69.6%). A total of 30 (32.6%) ended in viable pregnancies, whereas the remaining 34 (37.0%) were miscarriages. Early pregnancy loss accounted for 70.6% of pregnancy losses, whereas biochemical pregnancies and clinical abortions accounted for 11.8% and 17.6%, respectively.

Conclusion(s): Our results demonstrate that patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology have an increased rate of early pregnancy loss compared with fertile patients. In addition, these data indicate that implantation is more frequently impaired in IVF than in oocyte donation cycles, resulting in a high incidence of early pregnancy loss. This suggests that implantation may be subjected to abnormal conditions in assisted reproduction.     

Assessment of endometrial receptivity during implantation window in women with unexplained infertility

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the endometrial receptivity during implantation window in women with unexplained infertility. A prospective study recruited 168 women with unexplained infertility and 169 fertile women. Ultrasonic parameters and biomarkers in the uterine fluid were detected. The endometrial vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were significantly higher in fertile women as compared with unexplained infertile women, and the integrin αvβ3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) levels in uterine fluid were significantly higher in fertile women. The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ongoing pregnancy rate in fertile women were 20.12%, 18.34%, and 17.75%, respectively, which were significantly higher compared with unexplained infertile women (7.14%, 5.36%, and 4.17%, respectively). Endometrial thickness (ET), endometrial volume (EV), VI, FI, and VFI measured by ultrasound, and the integrin αvβ3, VEGF, TNF-α, and LIF levels in uterine fluid were all significantly higher in pregnant women as compared with nonpregnant women. The best parameters of ultrasonic indicators for predicting endometrial receptivity in women with unexplained infertility were FI(AUC = 0.894, sensitivity 93.8%, and specificity 83.1%). Integrin αvβ3 had the best predictive value for endometrial receptivity among biomarkers in the uterine fluid (AUC = 0.921, sensitivity 96.7%, and specificity 89.5%). Women with unexplained infertility present declined endometrial receptivity. Endometrial ultrasonic parameters detected by three-dimensional power Doppler and biomarkers in the uterine fluid may be effective indicators to predict endometrial receptivity.     

中央孔型眼内镜植入术后拱高的影响因素

目的 探讨中央孔型眼内镜（ICL）植入术后中央拱高的影响因素及分析导致极端拱高的可能原因。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2018-2019年北京同仁眼科中心接受V4c型ICL植入术的患者138例（276眼）。方法 回顾患者术前眼部生物测量参数包括屈光度（SE）、角膜水平直径即白到白（WTW）、前房深度（ACD）、前房容积（ACV）、前房角（Angle）、眼轴长度（AL）、晶状体厚度（LT）及术中植入ICL的直径。术后1周用眼前节OCT测量患者的拱高（Vault）。采用多元逐步回归分析确定拱高值和眼部生物参数的相关性。按拱高大小分为三组,分别为低拱高组（＜250 μm）、正常拱高组（250~1000 μm）和高拱高组（>1000 μm）,对三组间眼部参数进行比较,分析造成极端低拱高和极端高拱高的可能影响因素。主要指标 术后拱高值。结果 术后1周平均拱高为（645±247）μm。多元逐步回归分析得到拱高的回归方程为：Vault（μm）=180.954×ACD(mm) +99.805×WTW（mm）-2517.5,调整r2为0.069。低拱高组、正常拱高组、高拱高组三组间的ICL直径（127.9±3.8 mm、127.3±3.6 mm、130.2±2.8 mm）和ACD（2.95±0.29 mm、3.19±0.24 mm、3.29±0.22 mm）均有统计学差异（P均＜0.05）;年龄、SE、Angle、ACV、WTW、CCT、K1、K2差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论ACD和WTW是影响术后拱高的关键因素。同时,晶状体偏厚是极端拱高的可能影响因素。提示在临床上遇到非年龄性晶状体偏厚者,在ICL的选择上需要综合考虑更多因素。     

Foveal pit morphological changes in asymptomatic carriers of the G11778A mutation with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

AIM: To investigate the foveal pit morphology changes in unaffected carriers and affected Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients with the G11778A mutation from one family. METHODS: This study was a prospective cross-sectional study. Both eyes from 16 family members (age from 9 to 47y) with the G11778A mutation were analyzed and compared with 1 eye from 20 normal control subjects. Eleven family members with the G11778A mutation but without optic neuropathy were classified as unaffected carriers (n=22 eyes). Five family members (n=10 eyes) expressed the LHON phenotype and were classified as affected patients. Retinal images of all the subjects were taken by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and an automatic algorithm was used to segment the retina to eight layers. Horizontal and vertical OCT images centered on the fovea were used to measure intra-retinal layer thicknesses and foveal morphometry. RESULTS: Thicker foveal thickness, thinner foveal pit depth, and flatter foveal slopes were observed in unaffected carriers and affected LHON patients (all P<0.001). Further, the slopes of all four sectors in the LHON were flatter than those in the unaffected carriers (all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, affected LHON patients had a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL), and total retina (all P<0.01). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of affected patients was 38.0% thinner than that of controls while the GCL+IPL was 40.1% thinner. CONCLUSION: The foveal pit morphology shows changes in both unaffected carriers and affects patients. RNFL and GCL+IPL are thinner in affected LHON patients but not in unaffected carriers.     

支架术后急性冠状动脉综合征患者生命质量变化及影响因素研究

目的：探讨支架术后急性冠状动脉综合征患者生命质量变化及影响因素。方法收集接受支架术急性冠状动脉综合征患者100例,应用SF-36生命质量调查表于手术前、手术后6个月对患者生命质量进行调查记录,并分析患者生命质量变化及影响因素。结果患者手术后6个月体力、心理健康、社会活动、躯体疼痛、身体功能、躯体角色、精力及身体健康评分高于手术前,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。支架术后6个月患者改善程度Logistic回归分析：女性患者、2型糖尿病、曾行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗、ST-T段抬高型心肌梗死是影响患者改善程度的重要因素（P＜0．05）。结论急性冠状动脉综合征患者支架术后6个月生命质量明显改善,女性患者、既往PCI对于患者改善具有正向影响作用,而2型糖尿病、ST-T段抬高型心肌梗死则对患者改善具有负向影响。     

经导管植入式主动脉人工心脏瓣膜临床试验初步建议

用于治疗有症状的重度主动脉瓣狭窄的经导管植入式主动脉人工心脏瓣膜的研发日益增多,但并未有规范性临床试验指导意见,缺少安全性和有效性评价的统一原则,为了更好地引导研究者完成上市前临床试验研究,通过结合该类产品已完成的临床试验研究情况、心脏病治疗指南及国内心血管内科、心血管外科和临床统计学专家的意见,总结了目前对于该类产品临床试验的初步建议。在中国境内开展临床试验时,建议首先完成可行性研究;确证性研究按照产品应用人群风险收益分析,分别对开展安全性和有效性评价,建议优先选择不适合常规外科手术有症状的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者作为受试人群。     

标准长方案治疗的不孕患者改行改良超长方案后对妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨不孕症患者因长方案垂体降调不全改行改良超长方案联合人绝经期促性腺激素（HMG）促排卵后进行体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植（IVF/ICSI-ET）对妊娠结局的影响。方法 回顾性分析2015年6月至2016年6月在安徽省立医院生殖中心接受标准长方案IVF或ICSI治疗的不孕患者218例临床资料。根据垂体是否达到降调标准及是否需再次降调,将218例患者分为A组（行标准长方案降调完全的患者）98例,B组（行标准长方案降调不全改行改良超长方案降调的患者）104例,C组（行标准长方案降调不全直接促排卵的患者）16例,统计分析这3组患者行IVF/ICSI-ET的促排卵参数（促排天数、促性腺激素用量、获卵数,受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率）及妊娠结局（临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率、流产率、双胎率）。结果 3组患者促排天数、Gn用量、获卵数比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;A组受精率（77.86%）高于B组（66.98%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;A组优质胚胎率（68.52%）高于B组（68.52%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率及周期取消率3组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 不孕症患者因垂体降调不全而改行改良超长方案不影响胚胎着床率及临床妊娠率,具有可行性。     

经导管植入式人工心脏瓣膜体外脉动流性能研究

目的:针对经导管植入式人工心脏瓣膜特殊的植入方式和固定方式引入的新风险,设计体外脉动流测试,对经导管瓣膜临床使用过程中的风险进行评估.方法:选择自膨式经导管主动脉瓣膜,在脉动条件下,经模拟血管系统将瓣膜植入脉动流测试腔,在非圆型测试腔中测试返流百分比、跨瓣压差、有效瓣口面积参数,增大反向压力,测试瓣膜移位量.结果:测试...     

单针单线缝合法和HP瓣在小瓣环主动脉瓣置换术中的应用

目的探讨联合应用单针单线缝合法和HP(hemodynamic plus)瓣对小瓣环进行主动脉瓣置换术的效果。方法对17例小瓣环主动脉瓣病变的患者联合应用单针单线缝合法植入HP瓣进行主动脉瓣置换术。术中探查主动脉瓣瓣环直径为19～22mm。术后1周复查心脏超声。结果本组患者无手术死亡,无严重的并发症。术后左室舒张末径为(49.1±9.4)mm、左室重量指数为(80.6±18.6)g/m~2、主动脉瓣跨瓣峰值压差为(21.6±12.6)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),均较术前[(61.5±10.3)mm、(126.5±35.1)g/m~2、(82.6±52.6)mmHg]显著降低(P值均<0.01)。患者术后纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级较术前明显改善(x~2= 42.610,P<0.01)。结论小瓣环主动脉瓣病变患者进行主动脉瓣置换时,联合应用单针单线缝合法植入HP瓣是一种安全、有效的术式。