Overview of high-risk HPV's 16 and 18 infected cervical cancer: Pathogenesis to prevention

As general, the Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the most sexually transmitted diseases. Among well categorized 80 types, the high-risk types HPV's 16 and 18 are highly involved in 70% of cervical cancer. The virulence of HPV is mainly exhibited by E5, E6 and E7 encoded oncoproteins that cause low to high-grade cervical lesions (CIN-1, 2, 3), leading to form 99.7% of squamous cell and 89% of adenocarcinomas cervical cancer worldwide. This study mainly encircles the major role of E5, E6 and E7 oncoproteins in HPV 16 and 18. Further discussed the uprising of significant biomarkers and their cellular process in different stages of cervical cancer with current prevention and treatment regimens. Hence, this integration will evoke novel markers, potential vaccination and various treatments approaches with special reference for HPV16 and 18 infected cervical cancers.     

非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体对HIV明胶颗粒凝集试验的影响

目的 探讨梅毒血清中非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体对艾滋病病毒(HIV)明胶颗粒凝集试验的影响.方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)、HIV明胶颗粒凝集试验(HIV1/2-PA)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)以及Abbot HIV胶体硒快速试验(Determine HIV-1/2),同时检测性病门诊保存的96份梅毒血清及96份健康对照者血清.结果 96份梅毒血清中有32份HIV1/2-PA结果被干扰而无法判读(致敏颗粒和非致敏颗粒同时凝集),其他64份血清HIV1/2-PA结果为阴性.将96份梅毒血清按滴度分成11组,观察到随着RPR滴度的升高,HIV1/2-PA结果出现干扰现象的频率也升高.RPR滴度＞1:8的标本出现此现象的比例与≤1:8的标本相比,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.73,P＜0.005).对9例出现HIV1/-PA结果干扰的梅毒患者进行随访,在苄星青霉素规范治疗后6个月,用HIV1/2-PA测试其血清,原结果中的干扰现象消失.比较这9例患者治疗前后RPR和TPPA滴度的变化发现,RPR的滴度均下降至≤1:8,而TPPA的滴度则有4例升高,有4例未变化.5份RPR阳性、滴度均＜1:8.TPPA阴性标本,在HIV1/2-PA试验中未出现结果被干扰现象.结论 高滴度(＞1:8)的非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体,是HIV1/2-PA出现致敏颗粒和非致敏颗粒同时凝集这一干扰现象的主要原因.     

力因素引起楔状缺损的研究进展

楔状缺损是一种常见的牙体硬组织非龋性疾病,刷牙、酸的作用、牙颈部结构及力作用是其常见的病因。近20年来,临床研究中根据该病的一些特殊表现,研究了力对楔状缺损形成的影响,本文就引起楔状缺损的力因素这个病因作一综述。     

Comparison of Properties of Hardfaced Layers Made by a Metal-Core-Covered Tubular Electrode with a Special Chemical Composition

In this article, the results of research on the metal-mineral-type abrasive wear of a wear-resistant plate made by a tubular electrode with a metallic core and an innovative chemical composition using the manual metal arc hardfacing process were presented. The properties of the new layer were compared to the results of eleven wear plates manufactured by global suppliers, including flux-cored arc welding gas-shielded (FCAW-GS, Deposition Process Reference Number: 138), flux-cored arc welding self-shielded (FCAW-SS, Deposition Process Reference Number: 114), automated hardfacing, and manual metal arc welding (MMAW, Deposition Process Reference Number: 111) hardfacing T Fe15 and T Fe16 alloys, according to EN 14700:2014. Characterization of the hardfaced layers was achieved by using hardness tests, optical microscopy, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and X-ray diffraction analyses. Based on wear resistance tests in laboratory conditions, in accordance with ASTM G65-00: Procedure A, and surface layer hardness tests, in accordance with PN-EN ISO 6508-1, the wear plates most suitable for use in metal-mineral conditions were chosen. The results demonstrated the high metal-mineral abrasive wear resistance of the deposit weld metal produced by the new covered tubular electrode. The tubular electrode demonstrated a high linear correlation between the surface wear resistance and the hardness of the metal matrix of the tested abrasive wear plates. In addition to hardness, size, shape, the dispersion of strengthening phases, and the base metal content, depending on hardfacing technology and technological parameters, impact wear resistance is represented by volumetric loss caused by effect-free or constrained dry abrasive medium contact. The presented results can be used in machine part material selection and wear planning for applications in inspection, conservation, and regeneration interval determination. The obtained results will be applied in a real-time wear rate prediction system based on the measurement of the working parameters.     

Immunogenicity of recombinant human bocavirus‐1,2 VP2 gene virus‐like particles in mice

Human bocavirus (HBoV), a recently identified pathogen with a worldwide distribution is closely related to paediatric acute respiratory infection and gastroenteritis. The present study was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of HBoV1 and HBoV2 virus‐like particles (VLPs) as vaccine candidates in mice. Both HBoV1 and HBoV2 VLPs were expressed in the bacmid virus–SF9 cell system. Mice were inoculated three times at 3‐week intervals with HBoV VLPs at one dose intramuscular (i.m.) or intradermal (i.d.) with or without the addition of the alum adjuvant. ELISA was used to detected antibody, and ELISPOT was used to test cellular immune responses. HBoV‐specific IgG antibodies were induced and alum adjuvant improved the antibody titres and avidity, while the inoculation pathway had no influence. T helper type 1/ type 2 immune responses were balanced induced by HBoV1 VLPs but not HBoV2 VLPs. Serum IgG antibody cross‐reactivity rates of the two subtypes were similar, but cross‐reactions of HBoV1 immunization groups were higher. The single i.m. group had more interferon‐γ‐secreting splenocytes. These data indicate that HBoV VP2 VLPs have good immunogenicity with induction of strong humoral and cellular immune responses, and they may be potential candidate vaccines for HBoV infection.     

Mapping the Morphology of Polymer–Inorganic Nanocomposites Synthesized by Miniemulsion Polymerization

A first‐principles map for the equilibrium morphologies of polymer–inorganic nanocomposites synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization is developed. The predictions are compared with literature results on the effect of the initiator type, surfactant concentration, monomer system, and surface characteristics of the inorganic nanoparticles on the morphology of the nanocomposites. The limitations of the morphology map are also discussed.

     

Silicone Oil-Free Polymer Syringes for the Storage of Therapeutic Proteins

Prefilled syringes are a popular choice for the delivery of biopharmaceuticals. However, glass syringes might not be the optimal primary packaging material for all biopharmaceuticals. There is evidence that the necessary lubricant silicone oil in glass syringes can interact with proteins and can be shed from the surface into the product solution. In recent years, silicone oil-free polymer syringes were developed. Despite several advantages, however, a major shortcoming of these polymer systems is their relatively high gas permeability, which might be a limitation for the storage of oxygen sensitive biopharmaceuticals. So far, no long-term protein stability studies regarding such polymer systems have been published. In this study, 2 therapeutic proteins were stored in glass syringes and in silicone oil-free polymer syringes. In addition, polymer syringes stored in nitrogen-filled aluminum pouches or covered with oxygen-tight labels were included. Similar chemical protein stability was achieved at 4°C for all syringes. However, in contrast to the polymer syringes, high particle counts were observed in the glass syringes. Polymer syringes stored in nitrogen-filled aluminum pouches presented a promising alternative for the storage of biopharmaceuticals as they do not expose patients to silicone oil and silicone oil-protein aggregates.     

Effect of air-abrasion pre-treatment with bioactive glass 45S5 on enamel surface loss after erosion/abrasion challenge

ObjectivesThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of air-abrasion surface pre-treatment with bioactive glass (BAG) 45S5 on enamel surface loss after erosion/abrasion challenge.MethodsTwenty-four sound bovine incisors were used for this study. Four experimental groups (n = 12) were assigned as follows: Group 1 was the negative control group, Group 2 specimens were treated with a SnF₂ gel (positive control group), Group 3 specimens were air-abraded with BAG 45S5 (ProSylc) and Group 4 received both treatments. The specimens were submitted to erosion/abrasion challenge using a common soft drink. Enamel surface loss was evaluated using an optical profilometer. Additionally, surface roughness (VSI method) and surface microhardness (Vickers method) changes were evaluated, as well as SEM and EDS analyses were performed on enamel surface. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at a level of significance a = 0.05.ResultsSurface pre-treatment with BAG 45S5 reduced surface loss in comparison with negative control group (p < 0.001), which exhibited the highest surface loss of the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The positive control group (SnF₂ treatment) and Group 4 specimens, which received both air-abrasion pre-treatment and SnF₂ treatment, presented the lowest surface loss (p < 0.05), but did not show significant differences to each other (p = 0.65).SignificanceAir-abrasion pre-treatment with BAG 45S5 may be beneficial as an in-office preventive method for the limitation of enamel erosive wear induced by excessive consumption of soft drinks. The clinical significance of the results regarding this preventive method should be confirmed by clinical studies.     

人诺如病毒疫苗及治疗药物的研究进展

诺如病毒（norovirus,NoV）是引起急性胃肠炎的主要病原体之一,可以感染所有年龄段的人群。目前针对NoV引发的疾病尚无有效的治疗和预防手段,对于易感人群以及群发性感染,制定预防策略（包括疫苗）是必要的。利用NoV衣壳蛋白VP1以及VP1 P区域自我组装形成的病毒样颗粒是NoV疫苗的主要研究方向,通过基因工程技术设计的多种相关疫苗已在不同系统中表达,临床试验证明部分疫苗具有良好的免疫原性。此外,NoV与其他肠道病原体如轮状病毒的联合疫苗也具有良好的前景。此文重点介绍目前处于临床前以及临床研究的NoV疫苗以及NoV相关疾病的治疗药物。