卒中后非痴呆认知障碍病人的认知损害特点及护理分析

目的：探讨卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者的认知损害特点及护理干预效果,以供参考。方法将本院2011年8月至2013年7月收治的卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者70例纳入本研究,分析其认知损害特点,并实施相应的康复护理对策。对比护理干预前后认知功能、生活质量的变化。结果与护理干预前对比,护理干预后患者MMSE评分、Barthel指数均明显提高,差异经t检验后发现有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者的认知功能损害表现为延迟记忆、视空间与执行、语言、注意与计算力、抽象思维等多项认知域的联合损害,早期认知功能康复护理有助于改善认知功能、提高生活质量。     

声辐射力脉冲成像技术在评价肝纤维化程度的临床价值

目的分析声辐射力脉冲成像技术(acoustic radiation force impulse,ARFI)在评价慢性肝病患者肝纤维化程度中的临床价值。方法利用声辐射力脉冲成像技术对61例慢性肝病患者和56例正常人肝脏右叶进行检查,测得感兴趣区肝脏组织弹性量化值,即声触诊组织量化值(virtual touch quantification,VTQ),并与肝脏穿刺病理结果相对照。结果①61例慢性肝病患者病理活检结果:S0期8例,S1期12例,S2期10例,S3期13例,S4期18例;②VTQ值与肝纤维化程度有很好的相关性(Spearman r=0.737,P<0.01),不同阶段肝纤维化VTQ平均值是,正常对照组=1.03±0.26,S0=1.05±0.20,S1=1.14±0.28,S2=1.36±0.45,S3=2.01±0.76,S4=2.43±0.39;③正常对照组与S0组与S1组之间、S0组与S1组之间的VTQ值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他各组之间的VTQ值差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000或P=0.016)。结论声脉冲辐射力成像技术能够反映肝组织弹性硬度的定量性息,对评估肝纤维化程度有重要价值。     

沈阳市综合医院焦虑障碍患病率及特征

目的了解沈阳市综合医院内科门诊焦虑障碍的患病率和焦虑患者的特征。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取沈阳市23家综合医院调查,共调查5750例内科门诊患者。使用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）为筛查工具,对筛查高、中、低危险组按比例进行诊断工具《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版科研版轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查（SCID-I/P）,以确定患病率。结果沈阳市综合医院内科门诊躯体疾病所致焦虑障碍患病率为0.468;任何焦虑障碍（非躯体疾病所致）现患率为4.92%,未特定焦虑障碍患病率最高（2.91%）,其次为广泛性焦虑障碍（1.51%）。焦虑障碍者的特征为分居/离婚、年龄≥45岁、受过高等教育、高收入者多。结论沈阳市综合医院内科门诊焦虑障碍患病率较高,多为分居/离婚、年龄≥45岁、受过高等教育、高收入者。     

探讨MRI对听神经瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI对听神经瘤的诊断价值。方法收集笔者所在进修医院(云南省第一人民医院)2004年1月至2008年5月份中,经手术证实的及两位资深主任医师共同阅片所诊断的32例听神经瘤,回顾分析其MRI表现。结果 32例听神经瘤,大瘤24例,均为手术证实病例,小瘤8例,其中2例为手术证实。手术病例一共26例,均于术后3~6个月内复查MRI。结论听神经瘤的MRI表现清楚,MRI平扫及增强对听神经瘤有很高的诊断价值。     

老年高血压心肌背向散射成像声学密度定量的临床应用

目的　应用声学密度定量 (AD)方法对老年高血压病人心肌超声背向散射成像 (IBS)进行分析 ,探讨其临床诊断应用价值及意义。方法　按 1 999年 WHO高血压治疗标准并应用超声心动图仪检测 64例老年男性住院病人 ,其中正常组 31例 ,高血压组 33例 (高血压病史均 >3年且治疗时间均 >1年 ) ,比较各组室间隔心肌 IBS的 AD诸参数。结果　 Loop和两种触发方式声学密度曲线的峰值密度 (pi)、曲线下面积 (auc)高血压组均高于正常组 (均 P<0 .0 5)。结论　长期高血压和衰老致心肌组织纤维化进一步加重 ,致声学密度参数显著改变 ,其可作为简单、有效且无创的研究心肌病理学方面改变的辅助检测方法     

地方性克汀病人听觉传导路中神经元胞体的形态定量研究

对地方性克汀病人大脑的听觉传导路进行了病理检查，对上橄榄核，内侧膝状体及颞横回中神经元胞体进行了体视学的测量。发现部分神经元变性坏死，并可见卫星现象，神经元胞体的体积密度和数密度均比正常人明显减少，证实地克病人听觉传导路存在病变。     

Acoustic properties of fracture of dental restorative materials and endocrown restorations under quasi-static loading

Objectives(1) To investigate the properties of acoustic emission (AE) signals from fracture of dental materials and endocrown restorations during quasi-static compression using the continuous wavelet transform analysis. (2) To determine by the parameters of AE signals in which structural element of tooth-endocrown system the fracture starts.MethodsFive restorative materials (zirconium dioxide (Prettau zirconia), ceramics (IPS e.max Press), metal ceramics (GC Initial MC+Nicrallium N2 BCS), composite resin (Nano Q), luting cement (Relyx™ U200)) were manufactured into discs, 13 mm diameter, 5 mm thick, which were divided into 5 groups (Group B, C, D, E, F, respectively) and included into Type 1. Twenty-five extracted human molars were divided into 5 groups and included into Type 2: Group A (control, no restoration); BE (tooth restored by zirconium dioxide endocrowns); CE (restored by ceramic endocrowns); DE (restored by metal ceramic endocrowns); EE (restored by composite resin endocrowns). An increasing load was applied to the center of the samples with a hard steel ball until a fracture occurred. The loading rate was 0.12 mm/min. Two-channel AE detection system was used to record the AE activity during testing. The parameters including the peak frequency, bandwidth, duration time and energy of AE signals were analyzed.ResultsThe restorative materials (Type 1) differ from each other by acoustic properties such as the peak frequency main bands and energy of AE signals. The detected AE signals correspond to the different fracture types. The dominant fracture mechanism of Group C, E and F specimens was the macrocracking (brittle fracture), and of Group D specimens was the microcracking, which alternated with the plastic deformation and macrocracking. For the number of events corresponding to the brittle fracture, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between all group pairs. AE signals were not released during compression test of the zirconium dioxide samples, thus the fracture was not detected.All the AE signals detected during compression test of the different endocrown systems (Type 2) had two peak frequency bands. The fracture of Groups A, BE, CE and DE samples characterized by alternating the micro- and macrocracking with plastic deformation, and the brittle fracture was the dominant fracture mechanism. The restorations of Group EE fractured without plastic deformation. For the number of events corresponding to the brittle fracture, statistically insignificant differences (p > 0.05) were found between Groups A vs CE and A vs EE, and statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between Groups A vs BE and A vs DE.SignificanceThe initiation of fracture in the restorations with endocrowns made from different materials begins with the tooth damage. The metal ceramic endocrown restoration showed the highest fracture resistance, what is especially important for clinical use.     

Clinical Relevance of Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve: Art-of-state

Objective:

The objective was to delineate the current knowledge of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in terms of definition, features, clinical applications, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR.

Data Sources:

We searched database for primary studies published in English. The database of National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE, and PubMed up to July 2014 was used to conduct a search using the keyword term “FFR”.

Study Selection:

The articles about the definition, features, clinical application, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.

Results:

Coronary pressure-derived FFR rapidly assesses the hemodynamic significance of individual coronary artery lesions and can readily be performed in the catheterization laboratory. The use of FFR has been shown to effectively guide coronary revascularization procedures leading to improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

FFR is a valuable tool to determine the functional significance of coronary stenosis. It combines physiological and anatomical information, and can be followed immediately by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) if necessary. The technique of FFR measurement can be performed easily, rapidly, and safely in the catheterization laboratory. By systematic use of FFR in dubious stenosis and multi-vessel disease, PCI can be made an even more effective and better treatment than it is currently. The current clinical evidence for FFR should encourage cardiologists to use this tool in the catheterization laboratory.     

非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者CT影像学与临床特征的关系

目的探讨分析非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者CT影像学与临床特征的关系。方法选取我院2017年1月-2018年1月收治的55例诊断为非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者为研究组,另选取同期于我院体检的未患鼻窦炎者50例作为对照组,两组均行CT扫描检查,比较两组鼻腔变异情况、鼻中隔偏曲情况及中鼻甲结构异常情况,观察研究组中合并有鼻息肉、筛窦炎症情况。结果研究组的鼻中隔偏曲、中鼻甲结构异常、钩突肥大、下鼻甲肥大、上颌窦内壁粘膜增厚及骨质改变人数比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组的高位偏曲检出率(93.75%)显著高于对照组(66.67%)(P<0.05);两组中鼻甲结构异常情况比较具有显著差异(P<0.05),研究组的中鼻甲肥大及泡状中鼻甲人数比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎具有特异性的CT影像学表现,其对该病的临床特征具有典型的辨别作用,具有明确的诊断价值。     

Evaluation of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for determination of liver stiffness using transient elastography as a reference

AIM: To evaluate cut-off values and performance of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) using transient elastography [FibroScan^© (FS)] as a reference.METHODS: Six hundred and six patients were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent liver stiffness measurement with FS (FS-LS) and ARFI (with shear wave velocity quantification; ARFI-SWV) and the performance of ARFI in comparison to FS was determined. Sixty-eight patients underwent liver biopsy.RESULTS: Significantly higher success rates for the determination of liver stiffness were found using ARFI as compared to FS [604/606 (99.7%) vs 482/606 (79.5%), P < 0.001]. ARFI-SWV correlated significantly with FS-LS (r = 0.920, P < 0.001). ARFI-SWV increased significantly with the stage of fibrosis (1.09 ± 0.13 m/s for patients with no significant fibrosis (FS-LS < 7.6 kPa); 1.46 ± 0.27 m/s for patients with significant liver fibrosis (7.6 < FS-LS ≤ 13.0 kPa); and 2.55 ± 0.77 m/s for patients with liver cirrhosis (FS-LS > 13.0 kPa)). ARFI-SWV cut-off values were identified for no significant fibrosis (1.29 m/s; sensitivity 91.4% and specificity 92.6%) and for liver cirrhosis (1.60 m/s; sensitivity 92.3% and specificity 96.5%). The optimal cut-off value for predicting liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was 1.32 m/s (sensitivity 87.0% and specificity 80.0%) and for liver cirrhosis (F4) 1.62 m/s (sensitivity 100% and specificity 85.7%), for patients who underwent liver biopsy. An excellent inter-and intraobserver reproducibility was observed for ARFI-SWV determinations.CONCLUSION: An ARFI-SWV cut-off value of 1.29 m/s seems to be optimal for patients with no significant liver fibrosis and 1.60 m/s for patients with liver cirrhosis.