Pharmacological modification of tremor and enhanced acoustic startle by chlordecone and p,p′-DDT

Pretreatment of rats with phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg; SC), an alpha adrenergic antagonist, decreased the peak tremor power and startle magnitude of rats subsequently given DDT (75 mg/kg; PO) or chlordecone (60 mg/kg; IP), without having a significant effect on control animals. Pretreatment with an intracerebroventricular injection of calcium (3.75 M in 5 l NaCl) decreased the peak tremor power due to subsequently administered DDT, while increasing the tremor response in rats later dosed with chlordecone. The effects of phenoxybenzamine are postulated to be due to a blockade of an excitatory influence of the adrenergic system. Calcium may decrease DDT-induced tremor by acting as a neuronal stabilizer. Potentiation of the tremorigenic effect of chlordecone by calcium may be due to increased levels of intracellular calcium, resulting in augmented release of neurotransmitters in chlordecone-exposed animals.     

计算机嗓音测试参数的特点及临床意义

电子计算机嗓音测试及频谱分析已成为嗓音客观检查的重要手段。其测试参数为喉部疾病诊断、疗效评价的主要指标。但嗓音的声学参数是一种多维函数，与声带振动的生物力学密切相关。为了更好的理解和掌握嗓音的声学参数，对嗓音测试的参数进行详细的分析。以便于准确地选用和科学、客观地评价嗓音。     

Effects of various direct or indirect dopamine agonists on the latency of the acoustic startle response in rats

Summary The effects of dopamine agonists were investigated on the latency of the acoustic startle response in male Wistar rats. Four indirect dopamine agonits were tested: GBR 12783 (5–20mg/kg), BTCP (5–20mg/kg), dexamphetamine (3–6mg/kg) and L-DOPA 100 mg/kg associated with benserazide 25 mg/kg; they induced an increase in startle latency. Apomorphine at a dose (50 g/kg) known to decrease dopaminergic transmissions, was ineffective on the startle response. On the contrary, at 0.6 or 2 mg/kg, apomorphine induced an increase in the startle latency. A similar effect was observed with bromocriptine at 10 mg/kg from the 10th min up to at least the 9th hour after treatment. The specific agonist of D2 receptors Ru 24926 (0.45 mg/kg) enhanced the startle latency as well as the specific agonist of D1 receptors SKF 38393 (10 mg/kg). The association of these drugs resulted in an apparent additivity of their individual effects. The effect of apomorphine (0.6 mg/kg) was only partially reduced by a high dose of the specific D2 antagonist amisulpride (80 mg/kg) and more clearly antagonized by the specific D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (50 g/kg). It is concluded that D2 and D1 receptors contribute to the increase in startle latency elicited by direct or indirect dopamine agonists.     

短声作为刺激声进行同侧声反射阈测定之临床价值

目的 :确定短声可代替纯音作为刺激声作同侧声反射阈测定 ,并了解探测音频率对声反射阈的影响。方法 :应用 GSI33 型中耳分析仪 ,对正常志愿者 2 3例 46耳作不同探测音频率的纯音及短声刺激率 10 0次 / s及180次 / s的同侧声反射阈测定。结果 :声反射阈 2 2 6 Hz探测音时 5 0 0 Hz、10 0 0 Hz、2 0 0 0 Hz分别为 ( 84.35±6 .96 ) d B、( 84.6 5± 5 .93) d B、( 87.96± 6 .36 ) d B;6 78Hz探测音时分别为 ( 93.13± 6 .5 4) d B、( 92 .70± 6 .33) d B、( 93.35± 5 .99) d B;10 0 0 Hz探测音时分别为 ( 86 .5 2± 4.72 ) d B、( 87.48± 5 .0 0 ) d B、( 88.30± 6 .16 ) d B。短声刺激率 10 0次 / s及 180次 / s同侧声反射阈 2 2 6 Hz探测音时分别为 ( 89.78± 6 .83) d B、( 92 .0 7± 7.42 ) d B;6 78Hz探测音时为 ( 90 .44± 6 .76 ) d B、( 90 .6 5± 6 .38) d B;10 0 0 Hz探测音时为 ( 88.0 4± 6 .87) d B、( 88.6 9± 7.49) d B。 6 78Hz探测音 ,声反射阈高于 2 2 6 Hz及 10 0 0 Hz。结论 :低刺激率的短声作为刺激声并未出现赝象 ,可作为进行同侧声反射阈测试的刺激声     

肌源性耳鸣的声导抗测试特征（附3例报告）

本文报道了１１例病例,并以３例典型病例就肌源性耳鸣的声导抗测试的基本方法和特征作了探讨。腭肌阵挛的幅度较大,在鼓室导抗图和声反射曲线上均可出现锯齿状波。镫骨肌阵挛在表情肌运动时可诱发,为持续性,镫骨肌声反射对其无影响或可掩盖之。鼓膜张肌阵挛与面部三叉神经受刺激有关,易疲劳,表现为一短暂的声顺变化波形。     

Inflammation markers in nasal lavage, and nasal symptoms in relation to relocation to a newly painted building: a longitudinal study

Introduction: There is a need to evaluate possible health effects of ventilation improvements and emissions from new buildings, in longitudinal studies. New methods to study biological effects on the eyes and upper airways are now available. Material and methods: A longitudinal study was performed on 83 trained social workers in two offices in Uppsala, Sweden. The exposed group (n= 57) moved to a newly redecorated building nearby. Low emitting building material had been used, including a new type of solvent-free water-based paint. The control group (n= 26) worked in the same office during the study period (November 1995 to February 1996). Hygiene management was carried out in both offices, at the beginning and the end of the investigation. Tear film stability (BUT) was measured. Nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin were analyzed in nasal lavage fluid (NAL). Results: The relocation resulted in an increase in the personal outdoor airflow rate from 11 to 22 l/s. Indoor concentrations of terpenes were higher in the new building, and powdering of the new linoleum floor was observed. Measurements showed low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen dioxide, respirable dust, and microorganisms in the air of all buildings. The move resulted in an increased nasal patency and an increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL, after adjusting for changes in the control group. No changes were observed for nasal or ocular symptoms. A seasonal effect, with a decrease of ECP, was observed in the control group. Conclusion: A well-ventilated office building can be redecorated without any major ocular or nasal effects, or measurable increase of indoor air pollution if low-emitting building materials are selected. In agreement with previous evidence, the improved ventilation flow may explain the increase of nasal patency. The increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL suggested an inflammatory effect in the new building. Since this building had increased ventilation flow, increased concentrations of terpenes, and powdering from the polish on the new linoleum floor, identification of causative agents was difficult. The hygiene measures did not give any evidence that emissions from the new type of solvent-free water-based paints or building dampness were responsible for the observed nasal effects. Considering the higher emissions of VOC reported from older types of water-based latex paints and solvent-based wall paints, the new type of solvent-free water-based paint seems to be a good choice from the hygiene point of view. Received: 21 December 1998 / Accepted: 20 June 1999     

Regionally selective effects of intracerebral dopamine infusion on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in rats

Systemic administration of dopamine (DA) agonists markedly disrupts sensorimotor gating in rats as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response. A qualitatively similar, but quantitatively weaker disruption of PPI follows DA infusion into the nucleus accumbens (NAC). The present study was designed to determine whether forebrain DA terminal fields other than the NAC contribute to the DAergic modulation of PPI. PPI was impaired significantly after infusion of DA (0–40 µg) into the NAC or anteromedial striatum, but not after DA infusion into the orbital cortex or posterolateral striatum. DA infusion into the amygdala also disrupted PPI, but this disruption was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in startle amplitude. These results suggest that DA overactivity in the both NAC and anteromedial striatum contribute to the gating-disruptive effects of systemically administered DA agonists, and that DA overactivity in mesocortical, mesoamygdaloid and non-limbic mesostriatal DA systems are not major substrates for a DAergic modulation of PPI.     

岩骨后壁的显微外科解剖对听神经瘤手术中骨迷路保护的意义

目的 观察岩骨后壁表面标志与骨迷路的空间位置关系，为外科手术听力保护提供解剖学基础。方法 20例甲醛固定的成人头颅标本，在手术显微镜下磨除岩骨后壁，充分暴露骨迷路，游标卡尺进行测量。结果 乙状窦前缘与岩嵴相交点前1．24cm、岩嵴下0．34cm，岩骨后壁0．2cm以内磨除骨质，可不破坏骨迷路结构。结论 掌握岩骨后壁表面标志与岩骨内部结构的空间位置关系，是术中定位岩骨内部结构、充分磨除岩骨、扩大手术视野及减少手术并发症的关键。     

经迷路进路听神经瘤术后脑脊液漏的预防及处理

目的　探讨经迷路进路听神经瘤切除术后脑脊液漏发生的影响因素及处理方法。方法1999年以来采用迷路进路或扩大迷路进路听神经瘤切除术 85例 ,前 4 1例采用传统关闭术腔技术 ,后4 4例对关闭技术进行改良 ,分析其脑脊液漏的发生率。发生脑脊液漏者行保守或手术治疗。结果传统关闭技术组中脑脊液漏的发生率为 19 5 % ( 8 4 1) ,改良关闭技术组中脑脊液漏的发生率为 2 3%( 1 4 4 ) ,两组差异有显著性意义 (P =0 0 13)。传统关闭技术组中脑脊液漏多数发生在大型听神经瘤中 ,其发生率随肿瘤增大有上升的趋势。 9例脑脊液漏的患者中 ,3例经保守治疗 ;6例经手术修补成功 ,其中 5例 1次修补成功。结论　改良关闭术腔技术可显著降低经迷路进路听神经瘤切除术后脑脊液漏的发生率 ,手术修补为终止脑脊液漏的有效措施     

声反射技术在测量正常人咽腔中的应用

目的 探讨正常人咽腔大小与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病人发病机理的相互关系。方法 用声反射测量技术对24名健康志愿者的咽腔进行测量,咽腔面积测量是测量持续的缓慢呼气终末的肺总容量(Total Lung Capacity,TLC)和残余量(Residual Volume,RV),比较咽腔横断面积在男女成人肺容量的三个方面的表现:TLC,50％VC(50％ of vital Capacity)和RV。结果 男性咽腔面积在TLC6.4±1.3cm2,在50％VC5.4±0.9cm2和RV4.1±0.8cm2。女性咽腔面积在TLC4.8±0.6cm2,50％VC4.2±0.5cm2和RV3.7±0.6cm2。男女间不同的咽腔面积在TLC和50％VC中有显著的统计学意义,而在RV中无统计学意义。结论 (1)不同性别的咽腔面积与身体的尺寸大小有关。(2)在男女成人中显示咽腔面积随着肺容量的变化有相似的变化。(3)男性成人的咽腔面积随着年龄的增长而减小。