急性闭合性睾丸损伤临床CT诊断

目的　探讨急性闭合性睾丸损伤临床CT诊断价值。方法　对 12例急性闭合性睾丸损伤临床及CT平扫检查进行分析。结果　睾丸轻度损伤肿大 1例 ,鞘膜下积血 1例 ,睾丸实质出血及白膜下血肿 2例。CT检查正确诊断睾丸碎裂 8例 ,正常结构消失 ,白膜中断 ,睾丸组织突出 ,睾丸碎片分离征象。结论　CT检查能准确诊断各种类型睾丸损伤 ,并能确定损伤的程度 ,为临床尽早提供可靠的诊断依据。     

狗中度冲击伤复合高速破片致伤的损伤特点研究

本研究初步探讨了狗中度冲击伤复合单侧后肢高速破片伤的致伤特点。结果表明,冲击伤,破片伤及两者复合伤后PaO_2均有降低,而PAP则有所升高,以复合伤后变化的幅度最大。且复合伤后24h肺体指数与肺含水率明显高于冲击伤后及破片伤后。形态学的改变显示:复合伤动物多数发生重度肺损伤,冲击伤动物多数为中度肺损伤,而破片伤动物仅少数出现轻度肺损伤。结果提示:狗肢体高速破片致伤对中度冲击伤的肺损伤具有加重作用。     

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor hydrogel promotes healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds

Objective

To assess the effects of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) hydrogel on the healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds.

Methods

Ninety three wounds of 65 burn patients who suffered from a deep partial thickness burn of <5% TBSA and could not heal over 3 weeks were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to use rhGM-CSF hydrogel (GC group, n = 32) or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF (control group, n = 33). rhGM-CSF hydrogel or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF was topically applied to the wounds, the dressing was changed once a day. Wound healing time and percentage, wound discharge, periwound inflammation, the positive wound swabs culture count, and adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between two groups.

Results

Healing time was 12.2 ± 5.0 days after the application of rhGM-CSF hydrogel. This was significantly shorter than that of control wounds (15.5 ± 4.7 days). Healing percentage at 14 days in the rhGM-CSF-treated wounds was 97.5 ± 7.7%, which was markedly higher than the control (85.9 ± 6.8%). At 3, 6, 12, 14 day, the GC group was significantly superior to the control group with respect to the score of periwound inflammation, wound purulence and discharge. The positive wound swabs culture count of the GC group on the 7th and 14th day post-treatment was 14 and 4, respectively, which was significantly lower than the control.

Conclusion

rhGM-CSF hydrogel promotes the healing process of deep partial thickness burns effectively. No adverse reaction of the drug was observed during the study.     

The incidence and causes of erectile dysfunction after pelvic fractures associated with posterior urethral disruption

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction is a common sequel of pelvic fractures, particularly those associated with posterior urethral injury when it can be neurogenic or arteriogenic due to damage to the cavernous nerves or branches of the pudendal arteries. We studied erectile function of patients with posterior urethral injuries due to pelvic fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients referred for posterior urethral reconstruction and strictures due to pelvic fractures were evaluated before reconstruction. All patients underwent nocturnal penile tumescence testing, and if those results were abnormal, penile duplex ultrasound with intracavernous injection was performed. Patients with normal vascular function on duplex ultrasound were diagnosed with neurogenic erectile dysfunction. Those patients with abnormal arterial function on duplex ultrasound underwent arteriography to further define the extent and location of arterial damage. RESULTS: The study included 25 consecutive patients with posterior urethral strictures and a mean age of 28.6 years. Of the patients 18 (72%) had erectile dysfunction as demonstrated by nocturnal penile tumescence and all underwent penile duplex ultrasound. Ultrasound confirmed normal vascular response in 13 of the 18 patients and they were diagnosed with probable neurogenic erectile dysfunction. The remaining 5 patients (28%) with erectile dysfunction had an abnormal arterial response, and significant arterial pathology was confirmed by arteriography. CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction is common in patients with pelvic fractures associated with urethral injury. We believe that erectile function should be assessed and documented in such patients before attempting urethroplasty. In the majority of these patients erectile dysfunction is caused by disruption of the cavernous nerves with sparing of arterial inflow.     

腹部开放伤合并人工海水浸泡大鼠肠道免疫屏障功能的变化

目的 探讨腹部开放伤合并人工海水浸泡大鼠肠道免疫屏障功能的变化及意义.方法 建立腹部开放伤合并人工海水浸泡大鼠致伤模型.50只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,每组10只.A组:腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡组;B组:单纯腹部开放伤组;C组:单纯海水浸泡组;D组:腹部开放伤合并生理盐水浸泡组;E组:正常对照组.观察腹腔海水浸泡后肠内容物sIsA及血浆IgA、内毒素(LPS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)含量变化及血、肝脏、肠系膜淋巴结细菌定量培养情况;观察HE染色小肠组织病理损伤评分.结果 与E组比较,A组肠内容物SIgA、血浆IgA含量显著下降;血浆LPS、TNF-α、IL-6含量显著升高;发生肠道细菌易位(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);HE染色显示小肠黏膜组织出现不同程度的损伤(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡后肠道免疫屏障功能显著下降,与内毒素血症和肠道细菌易位的发生密切相关,炎症因子释放及肠黏膜屏障功能损伤是肠道免疫屏障功能受损的重要机制之一.     

在鼠复杂骨损伤模型中金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌间感染的协同作用

目的 研究动物接种和伴随金黄色葡萄球菌(以下简称金葡菌)和绿脓杆菌感染的互相作用。方法 采用二组Sprague-Dawley鼠作动物试验。一组用金葡菌或绿脓杆菌接种,另一组接受可变浓度的两种实验微生物的复合菌接种。在接种后14d处死,将来自伤口的标本用来培养。计算相关的每个接种体的感染率,以及将两项接种进行比较。结果 1D_(50)对金葡菌是2.8×10~4CFU,以及对绿脓杆菌是4.8×10~5CFU。10~3CFU的金葡菌与低浓度(10~2,10~3,或10~4CFU)的绿脓杆菌结合产生的感染率,比单独任何一种相同的浓度感染率高的多。结合10~3CFU的金葡菌和10~3CFU的绿脓杆菌产生75％的感染率,比相关的10~3CFU的任何一种微生物CFU高的多。绿脓杆菌的浓度增高时(C10~5,10~6和10~7CFU),这种倾向则倒转,以及感染率则减少至33％(P=0.04)。低浓度的绿脓杆菌(0～10~5CFU)结合10~6CFU的金葡菌产生83％～100％的感染率。在高浓度的绿脓杆菌(10~6及10~7CFU)减少感染率至33％(P=0.005)。结论 当伤口中存在每种低浓度细菌时,在金葡菌和绿脓杆菌之间的协同作用证明,当绿脓杆菌浓度增加时,感染率预期下降。在这种骨科切口模型中,认为低浓度的绿脓杆菌增加金葡菌感染的能力。同时,以这个率值的金葡菌试验,减少绿脓杆菌的感染率。     

Management strategy for arterial priapism: therapeutic dilemmas

PURPOSE: We present 7 cases of arterial high flow priapism and propose management algorithms for the condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 2 children and 5 adults with posttraumatic arterial priapism. Blood gas analysis and color Doppler ultrasonography of the corpora cavernosa confirmed the diagnosis in 4 adults, while 1 patient had already undergone cavernous artery ligation in elsewhere. In the children perineal compression resulted in detumescence, a sign that is proposed to be indicative of the diagnosis of arterial priapism (piesis sign) complementing physical examination. Mechanical compressive force was applied to the perineum of 1 boy, while the other received a watchful waiting program. All adults participated in an observation regimen except 1, who decided to undergo immediate embolization of the internal pudendal artery. RESULTS: Perineal compression led to the resolution of priapism in 1 child, while spontaneous resolution was noted in the other. An adult noticed spontaneous penile detumescence 3 to 4 months after trauma, which was attributable to site specific venous leakage and decreased, inflow in the contralateral cavernous artery. The patient underwent venous surgery and is on an intracavernous injection regimen. Successful embolization of the internal pudendal artery was performed immediately in 1 man and in the other 4 months after trauma due to social inconvenience. Adult patient 3 is still on the watchful waiting protocol (42 months), while the one who underwent cavernous artery ligation is receiving treatment for erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Absent of long-term damaging effects of arterial priapism on erectile tissue combined with the possibility of spontaneous resolution or progressive concomitant hemodynamic abnormalities associated with blunt perineal trauma are suggestive of the introduction of an observation period in the management algorithm of high flow priapism. Such a period may help avoid unnecessary intervention and determine the impact of priapism on patient personal life. Perineal compression may be also added as part of the physical examination as a sign specifically indicative of arterial priapism.     

Non‐adherence to treatment of chronic wounds: patient versus professional perspectives

The reasons for the non‐adherence to treatment for wound healing are complex and fall into unintentional and intentional categories. This study explored intentional and unintentional non‐adherence to treatment from patient/carer and health care professional perspectives. Patients with wounds receiving ALLEVYN Life dressings (n = 20) and patients not receiving ALLEVYN Life dressings who were deemed to be non‐adherent to treatment regimes (n = 6) took part in semi‐structured interviews to explore their experiences of living with a wound, treatment and intentional and unintentional non‐adherence. Three focus groups of health care professionals explored issues surrounding non‐adherence to treatment regimes. Groups included nurses and doctors (n = 25). We found that relationships between participants and health care professionals varied in character across the groups. All participants expressed reasons for both intentional and unintentional adherence. Many reasons for intentional non‐adherence are related to comfort and working the regime around patients' lives. Health care professionals considered the most common form of non‐adherence to be unintentional. However, patients describe the most common form of non‐adherence as being intentional. The relationship between patients and health care professionals varied in character between the groups. Discrepancies between professional and patient perspectives need to be reconciled and addressed to improve adherence to treatment regimes.     

Undetected patricide: Inaccuracy of cause of death determination without an autopsy

Patricide (killing the father) is uncommon form of homicide. Usually the assaults occur at home in the absence of witnesses and adult sons are frequently involved. Homicides in a domestic context usually do not tend to recurrence, because the motivation for the crime ends with the death of the parent. However, this is not what was observed in the present case study dealing with the death of a 70 years old white man originally misclassified as accident and discovered three years later only after an additional homicide in a family context of a 60 years old white lady. Multiple stab wounds to the neck and thorax were misinterpreted at the external male body examination as blunt trauma falling down stairs. No forensic autopsy was requested and no comparison of medical findings with the results from the death scene, such as a bloodstain analysis was performed by the police officers nor required by the judicial authority. This was quite surprising because an additional but preliminary post-mortem external examination performed by a general practitioner on the male body already raised the suspicion that the external lesions were stab wounds thus requiring a forensic autopsy. Only the exhumation of the elderly body, performed years later, confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis raised by the first physician. The present case is quite representative of a death investigation not run professionally and performed by individuals with no specific training where most of the medico-legal investigations (especially for traumatic and violent deaths) are restricted to an external body examination without subsequent autopsy. Although misinterpretation of external lesions is inevitable and significant discrepancies between external body examination and forensic autopsy are not rare, in the case of contradictory results of post-mortem external examination or unclear/suspicious cause and manner of death, investigation should proceed necessarily with a forensic autopsy.     

The clinical application effects of artificial dermis scaffold and autologous split-thickness skin composite grafts combined with vacuum-assisted closure in refractory wounds

To investigate the clinical application effects of artificial dermis scaffold and autologous split-thickness skin composite grafts combined with vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C) in refractory wounds. A retrospective analysis was performed on 70 patients with refractory wounds admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2019 to December 2021 (44 males and 25 females, with an average age of 49.3 ± 21.4 years). There were 26 patients with chronic ulcers; 3 patients with cancerous wounds; 16 patients with hot crush injuries; and 25 patients with traumatic wounds, including 21 cases of hands, 33 cases of feet, 6 cases of upper limbs, and 10 cases of lower limbs. The patients were divided into an artificial dermis scaffold group (35 patients, including 21 males and 14 females, aged 49.5 ± 21.3 years) and a skin graft group (35 patients, including 23 males and 11 females, aged 49.1 ± 21.5 years). In the artificial dermis scaffold group, after debridement, the artificial dermis scaffold was transplanted for approximately 2 weeks until the wound surface was well vascularized, after which the autologous split-thick skin graft was transplanted. Negative pressure wound therapy was performed throughout the treatment. In the skin grafting group, after debridement, the autologous split-thickness skin graft (aSTSG) was transplanted, and negative pressure wound therapy was performed continuously. The wound healing rate; skin graft survival rate; postoperative wound infection; exudative fluid volume; subcutaneous haematoma; hospitalisation time; hospitalisation cost; Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, used to evaluate the scar of the recipient area at 6 months after the operation; and the sensory disorder grading method, used to evaluate the sensory recovery of the recipient area, were compared between the two groups. All 70 refractory wounds healed. In the artificial dermis scaffold group, the skin graft survival rate was 90% (86%–95%), the hospitalisation time was 38 (29–45) days, the hospitalisation cost was 148 102 (118242–192327) yuan, and the VSS score was 1.9 ± 1.3. There were significant differences in skin graft survival rate (70% [60%–80%]), length of hospital stay (21 [14–28] days), hospitalisation cost (76 201 [39228–135 919] yuan) and VSS score [6.1 ± 3.6] between the skin graft group and the artificial dermis scaffold group (P < .05). The skin graft survival rate, scar hyperplasia and sensory recovery of the recipient area in the artificial dermis scaffold group were better than those in the skin graft group, but the hospitalisation time was relatively longer, and the hospitalisation cost was relatively higher. Wound healing rate, postoperative wound infection, exudate volume, and subcutaneous haematoma of patients in the two groups were similar, and there were no significant differences (P > .05). The artificial dermis scaffold and composite transplantation of autologous aSTSG with V.A.C can promote painless wound healing and improve the skin survival rate, skin colour and lustre, and flexible smooth texture and is conducive to less scar hyperplasia and postoperative functional exercise and recovery. This method provides a reasonable and effective scheme for the treatment of clinical refractory wounds.